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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the characteristics of ADC value changes in DWI of newly diagnosed symptomatic MM patients and its correlation with R-ISS stage.@*METHODS@#The data of 148 newly diagnosed symptomatic MM patients treated by whole-body DWI scan at The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from June 2016 to June 2019 were selected and retrospectively analyzed and 30 cases of age-matched healthy people were selected as controls. The differences of ADC values between the patients in normal control group, DWI- group and DWI+ group were compared, and the relationship between ADC values and R-ISS stage in MM patients was compared.@*RESULTS@#The plasma cell percentage of the patients in DWI+ group was higher than those in DWI- group. ADC values of vertebra, sternum, rib, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle of the patients in DWI+ group were significantly higher than those in DWI- group and normal control group. The ADC values of each part of the patients in DWI- group were higher than those in normal control group. ADC values of sternum, rib and pectoral girdle in the patients at R-ISS stage III were higher than those at R-ISS stage I and II, while, there was no statistical difference between R-ISS stage I and II groups. And there was no significant difference in ADC values of other bone parts such as vertebra and pelvic girdle in patients at R-ISS stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ.@*CONCLUSION@#DWI+ in MM patients is related to higher tumor invasion. The ADC values of the DWI+ group are higher than those of the DWI- group; the bone ADC values of the DWI- patients are still higher than the normal ones. And there is a certain relationship between ADC value and R-ISS stage.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Diseases , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Multiple Myeloma/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Whole Body ImagingABSTRACT
Rotavirus enteritis （RVE）， a common infectious disease of the digestive system， is commonly found in infants and young children. Its incidence is high， posing great threats to human health. At present， no specific drugs are available in western medicine and the symptomatic treatments like fluid infusion， anti-diarrhea， correction of electrolyte disorder， protection of gastrointestinal mucosa， and regulation of intestinal microecology have been employed. In addition to the poor therapeutic efficacy， they do not perform well in preventing the onset of RVE and shortening the course of disease. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） exerts the therapeutic effect against RVE via multiple targets， without inducing obvious adverse reactions and the cost is low. The specific mechanism of action has yet to be fully explained. Although there are some studies exploring the role of Chinese medicinal monomers in the pathogenesis of RVE， the types involved are still not enough. The effects of Chinese medicinal monomers on autophagy-related pathways fail to be uncovered， which is attributed to the lack of large-scale experimental data and clinical evidence. There are also many problems that cannot be ignored in the related research of Chinese medicinal compounds， taking the superficial exploration and limited scope for instance. Autophagy is a highly conserved biological phenomenon that involves a variety of signaling pathways. Its dysfunction is related to multiple pathological processes. Studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RVE， especially in the early stage of viral infection. Autophagy induces intestinal mucosal barrier damage， intestinal nerve dysfunction， and immune abnormality， resulting in the occurrence and development of RVE. In recent years， a large number of experimental studies have confirmed that TCM fights against circulatory， respiratory， digestive， and immune system diseases as well as tumors by intervening in autophagy. At the same time， a handful of studies have suggested that Chinese medicinal monomers and compounds regulate autophagy and interfere with viral replication by affecting related signaling pathways， thus playing a positive role in reversing the progression of RVE. However， at present， there are few studies on the regulation of autophagy by TCM in the treatment of RVE， and no systematic elaboration is available. This review aimed to summarize the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of RVE and its intervention with TCM， in order to provide more theoretical and clinical evidence for the treatment of RVE with TCM.
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Objective:To investigate that the effect of ethanol extracts from Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)and Smad3 in the hypertrophic scars of rabbit ears and elucidate its mechanism to improve hypertrophic scars. Method:The model of hypertrophic ear scar model was established by damaging the inner skin of ears in New Zealand white rabbits.The 49 rabbits were randomly divided into control group, model group, low, medium and high-dose ethanol extracts groups from Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (0.4，1.0，2.0 g·kg-1), asiaticoside ointment group(5 mg·kg-1) and compound heparin sodium allantoin gel group(20 mg·kg-1), 7 rabbits per group. Except control group, the different drug about 0.5 mL had been applied the hypertrophic scar of rabbit ears once a day. After 42 days, the tissues of hypertrophic scar were obtained. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining was used to observe the pathological changes of rabbit ear scar tissue and determine the scar hyperplasia index. The expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in scar tissue of rabbit ears were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and reverse transcription PCR（RT-PCR）. Result:Compared with control group, the pathological changes of the ear scars in the model group showed obvious hyperplasia and higher hyperplasia index (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in scar tissue of rabbit ears were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the pathological structures of the ear scar tissue were significantly improved and the hyperplasia index of ear scar tissue was clearly reduced in medium and high-dose groups of ethanol extracts from Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma(P<0.05，P<0.01). The protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in scar tissue were also decreased in different group of ethanol extracts from Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma compared with the model group (P<0.05，P<0.01). Conclusions:Ethanol extracts from Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma may play a curative role in inhibiting hypertrophic scars by reducing the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in scar tissue and inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smads signal transduction pathway. These provides the experimental basis for the clinical application of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment of hypertrophic scars.
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AIM:To observe the effect of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs in the treatment of severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR),and to investigate the influence of the treatment on the prognosis of NPDR patients.METHODS:Totally 120 patients (227 eyes) with NPDR diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were randomly divided into observation group (60 cases,112 eyes) and control group (60 cases,115 eyes).Patients in the observation group were treated by PRP combined with anti-VEGF drugs,while patients the control group were treated with PRP alone.The clinical efficacy and complications of the two groups were compared.Before and after treatment,the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),central macular thickness (CMT),levels of serum VEGF and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) in the two groups were analyzed.RESULTS:The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Compared with before treatment,BCVA of the two groups in the time of 2wk,1,3 and 6mo after treatment improved significantly (P＜0.05).And the BCVA of the observation group at each time point after treatment was better than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Compared with before treatment,the CMT and the levels of VEGF and Ang-2 in the observation group decreased significantly starting at 2wk after treatment (P＜ 0.05).While those in the control group decreased significantly starting at 1mo after treatment (P＜ 0.05).The levels of VEGF and Ang-2 in the observation group at each time point after treatment was lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).CMT of the observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group in the time of 1,3 and 6mo after treatment (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the total complication rate between the two groups (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:PRP combined with anti-VEGF drugs could effectively improve vision of NPDR patients,alleviate macular edema,and improve the clinical efficacy.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of nasal endoscope-assisted low temperature plasma adenoidectomy. Methods 100 patients who underwent adenoidectomy from May 2012 to August 2016 were enrolled in the study. All the patients were randomly divided into the observation group (50 cases) and control group (50 cases). Patients in the observation group underwent nasal endoscope-assisted low-temperature plasma adenoidectomy, and patients in control group was treated with nasal endoscope-assisted electric adenoidectomy. The operation time, bleeding volume, recovery time of nasal ventilation, clinical efficacy, postoperative complications of the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results In the observation group, the operation time, bleeding volume, recovery time of nasal ventilation was (4.9 ± 1.6) min, (19.6 ± 5.6) ml and (2.9 ± 0.5) d, respectively, which was significantly less than that of the control group (11.9 ± 3.9) min, (61.6 ± 12.1) ml and (5.9 ± 1.6) d, respectively (P < 0.05). The clinical efficacy of the observation group and the control group was 92.0%, and 86.0%, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the observation group, the pain index was (1.8 ± 1.0), which was significantly lower than that of the control group (5.6 ± 2.1), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference with respect to postoperative hemorrhage, fever and snoring (P > 0.05). In addition, there was no postoperative complication observed in the observation group, while, the complication rate of the control group was 10.0%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Nasal endoscope-assisted low temperature plasma adenoidectomy is effective and safe in the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy with less pain and fewer complications, which can be used as a routine clinical treatment for adenoid hypertrophy in children.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of nasal endoscope-assisted low temperature plasma adenoidectomy. Methods 100 patients who underwent adenoidectomy from May 2012 to August 2016 were enrolled in the study. All the patients were randomly divided into the observation group (50 cases) and control group (50 cases). Patients in the observation group underwent nasal endoscope-assisted low-temperature plasma adenoidectomy, and patients in control group was treated with nasal endoscope-assisted electric adenoidectomy. The operation time, bleeding volume, recovery time of nasal ventilation, clinical efficacy, postoperative complications of the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results In the observation group, the operation time, bleeding volume, recovery time of nasal ventilation was (4.9 ± 1.6) min, (19.6 ± 5.6) ml and (2.9 ± 0.5) d, respectively, which was significantly less than that of the control group (11.9 ± 3.9) min, (61.6 ± 12.1) ml and (5.9 ± 1.6) d, respectively (P < 0.05). The clinical efficacy of the observation group and the control group was 92.0%, and 86.0%, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the observation group, the pain index was (1.8 ± 1.0), which was significantly lower than that of the control group (5.6 ± 2.1), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference with respect to postoperative hemorrhage, fever and snoring (P > 0.05). In addition, there was no postoperative complication observed in the observation group, while, the complication rate of the control group was 10.0%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Nasal endoscope-assisted low temperature plasma adenoidectomy is effective and safe in the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy with less pain and fewer complications, which can be used as a routine clinical treatment for adenoid hypertrophy in children.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To generate an oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) permissive mouse melanoma cell line B16RHSV, preserving the tumorigenic ability in syngeneic mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The herpes simplex virus entry mediator (HVEM) gene was amplified by PCR from human melanoma cell line A375, and cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector for sequencing. The HVEM gene was then cloned into pcDNA3 vector to generate pcDNA3-HVEM for transfection of mouse melanoma cell line B16-F10 cells. After that, the putative transfected cells were selected in full growth medium containing G418. The HVEM-expressing cells were isolated by immunomagnetic bead separation. The mouse melanoma cell line expressing oHSV receptor-HVEM, designated as B16RHSV, was generated. The permissibility of B16RHSV cells to oHSV infection was examined with green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing oHSV (oHSVGFP). To investigate the tumorigenic ability of both cells in vivo, 2×10(5) cells in 100 µl were subcutaneously inoculated into the right flanks of C57/BL mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vitro, the B16RHSV mouse melanoma cells were shown by fluorescence microscopy capable of being infected by oHSVGFP. In vivo, the B16RHSV cells, like their wild type counterpart, grew to form melanoma in syngeneic mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A herpes simplex virus-permissive mouse melanoma cell line was established. Its tumorigenicity remained unchanged.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Amplification , Genetic Vectors , Herpesvirus 1, Human , Genetics , Physiology , Melanoma , Pathology , Virology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neoplasm Transplantation , Plasmids , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14 , Genetics , Metabolism , Transfection , Tumor BurdenABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop 22 Chinese Mandarin monosyllable lists with good psychometrical equivalence. This study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of these lists when it was used in speech recognition test in normal hearing dialectal speakers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven cities including Dalian, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Xiamen were selected as testing centers which contain 6 typical Chinese dialectal regions including north of China, East of China, north of Fujian, south of Fujian, Guangdong and mid-south of China. At each center, 22 local normal hearing people were selected to join this study. Every participant was tested by each recognition test of all 22 lists twice in two sessions and same test order respectively. The second run of testing was carried out within 10 days-1 month since first run of testing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant correlations between scores obtained at the two sessions (r = 0.682, P < 0.01). Paired student-t test had shown that a gross score of all dialectal participants was significantly higher than that of initial test to retest (P < 0.01). The mean increment of score was (2.7 +/- 10.1)%. A significant difference of test-retest score in 7 sites was 19.8% and it was equal to 5 test items. A one way ANOVA analysis had indicated that there were statistically significant difference between the score improvement of 7 test sites (P < 0.01). Another analysis had shown that there was no significant correlation between test-retest score improvement and intra-session intervals (P = 0.947).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Mandarin monosyllabic recognition test seems to be more stable, and the present study has indicated a systematic differences in Chinese Mandarin monosyllable recognition scores between test and retest. Monosyllable recognition test is not susceptible to memory effect. Pearson's correction analysis is not suitable to evaluation for test-retest reliability.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Analysis of Variance , Asian People , Audiometry, Speech , Language , Reproducibility of Results , Speech Discrimination TestsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) in detecting susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) onto four first line anti-tuberculosis drugs.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The 24-hole cell culture plates were used to test drug susceptibility of MTB on liquid medium, and the best detecting condition of MODS assay was probed; 66 clinical isolates susceptibility to streptomycin (S), isoniazid (H), rifampin (R) and ethambutal (E) were evaluated by using MODS assay and Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J), thereafter, all the inconcordance of isolates between MODS and L-J were tested for the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Concordance rate of the susceptibility to S, H, R and E in 66 clinical isolates detected by MODS and L-J was 97.0%, 90.9%, 95.5% and 86.4% respectively. If the results obtained by L-J were taken as a golden standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) as well as accuracy of susceptibility test to S detected by MODS was 96.0%, 97.6%, 96.0%, 97.6% and 97.0%; 100%, 85.4%, 81.0%, 100% and 90.9% to H; 96.2%, 95%, 92.6%, 97.4% and 95.5% to R; 73.7%, 91.5%, 77.8%, 89.6% and 86.4% to E. There were 20 inconsistent results of 16 isolates by comparing MODS with L-J, and MIC yielded 16 results of those 14 isolates showing identical results with those of the MODS, while 4 results of other 4 isolates identical with L-J.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MODS method simultaneously provides drug susceptibility to S, H, R and E. MODS might be one of the rapid tools to diagnosing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis as it is rapid, simple, inexpensive and has high concordance with L-J drug susceptibility test.</p>
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Bacteriological Techniques , Methods , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Methods , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
The total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) which was isolated from Meishan porcine and induced with concanavaline A (ConA), then the porcine interferon gamma gene (PoIFNgamma, 501bp) was amplified by RT-PCR. The result of sequencing demonstrated that the amplified PoIFNgamma had 100% nucleotide homology with the other porcine IFNgamma sequence published on GenBank. The objective gene (PoIFNgamma) was inserted into adenoviral shuttle vector, pShuttle-CMV, to construct recombinant plasmid pSh-PoIFNgamma. And it was co-electrotransformated with adenoviral skeletal vector pAdEasy-1 into competent cells of BJ5183. The transforms were cultured at 37 degrees C for 24h on kanamycin resistance plate and selected for smaller colonies. Then, the extracted recombinant plasmid was named pAd-Sh-PoIFNgamma, which was confirmed by Pac I digestion, and transformed into XL10-Glod(r) for copious preparation. pAd-Sh-PoIFNgamma linearized with Pac I was co-transfected with liposome into 293 package cell-line. After 7d-10d, the typical cytopathic effect indicated that recombinant adenoviral genome (deleted with E1 and E3 genes) carrying PoIFNgamma was successfully packaged into intact virion. The recombinant virion was successively seeded to the 10th generation and the viral genome was extracted from each generation by PCR. The antiviral activity of PoIFNgamma was tested by CPE50 method. The results showed that the PoIFNgamma expressed by adenovirus had high antiviral activity, which was 1.3 x 10(6) U/mL against VSV in MDBK cells. The results demonstrated that the recombinant adenovirus carrying PoIFNgamma could be stably passaged.
Subject(s)
Animals , Adenoviridae , Genetics , Antiviral Agents , Pharmacology , Interferon-gamma , Genetics , Pharmacology , Recombinant Proteins , Pharmacology , SwineABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to understand the level of fatigue and daily living activities and to confirm their relationship in patients with chronic liver disease. METHOD: The sample consisted of 182 patients with chronic liver disease with a mean age of 42.4 years, who visited the D University Hospital and a S clinic from February, 2004 to March in 2004. Data were collected by a self reporting questionnaire on the selected variables such as fatigue and daily life activities. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS program for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, t- test, ANOVA. RESULTS: Subjects showed the mild level of fatigue and slightly high level of daily living activities. They also showed a negative relationship between fatigue and daily living activities. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop nursing intervention program to reduce the level of fatigue for improving the level of daily living activities in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Humans , Activities of Daily Living , Fatigue , Liver Diseases , Liver , Nursing , Surveys and Questionnaires , Self ReportABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the significance and the role of the p53 gene mutation in the exon 4 to 8 in keloid fibroblasts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue samples from twelve patients with keloid and twelve hyperplastic scar respectively were harvested for in vitro culture of fibroblasts, and normal skin samples from the same patients were employed as the control. Polymerase chain reaction-based single-strained conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing were employed to detect p53 gene mutations of the fibroblasts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The points and frameshift mutations in the exon 4, 5, 6, 7 of p53 gene were identified in 9 of the 12 keloid tissue samples. No p53 gene mutation was detected in all hyperplastic scar and normal skin samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>p53 gene mutation might play an important role in the formation and development of keloids.</p>
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Female , Humans , Male , Fibroblasts , Metabolism , Genes, p53 , Keloid , Genetics , MutationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a recombinant vaccinia virus vaccine expressing HPV58 E7 and to determine its immuno-protective activity in mice bearing HPV58 E7+ tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>E7 DNA was amplified and cloned from a plasmid containing HPV58 E7 genome by PCR. To abolish its transforming activity, the nucleotides coding for amino acid residues at positions 24 and 92 were modified by site-directed mutagenesis so that cysteine was substituted by glycine. Balb/c 3T3 cells were transfected with mE7. The expression of E7 protein by the mE7-transfected Balb/c cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. The transfected cells were observed in vitro for anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenesis in nude mice. Recombinant E7 vaccinia virus vaccine was constructed by homologous recombination of HPV58 E7 vaccinia expression plasmid and vaccinia virus (Tiantan stain). The immuno-protective activity of the vaccines was determined by tumor growth inhibition and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induction in vaccine-immunized syngeneic mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Substitution of cysteine by glycine at both positions 24 and 92 of HPV58 E7 abolished its transforming activity. Growth of HPV E7+ tumor in mice immunized with the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HPV58 E7 was inhibited, and the surviving time of the immunized mice was prolonged. CTL activity was induced as revealed by in vitro cytotoxicity assay using E7+ tumor cells as target cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HPV58 E7, with its transforming potential abolished, may be used as vaccine for immunotherapy of patients with HPV 58 related cancers.</p>
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Animals , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mutagenesis, Site-Directed , Oncogene Proteins, Viral , Genetics , Papillomaviridae , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic , Allergy and Immunology , Transfection , Vaccines, Synthetic , Allergy and Immunology , Vaccinia virus , Genetics , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
beta-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78) from Bacillus subtilis SA-22 was purified successively by ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydroxyapatite chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and DEAE-52 anion-exchange chromatography. Through these steps, the enzyme was concentrated 30.75-fold with a recovery rate of 23.43%, with a specific activity of 34780.56 u/mg. Molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 38 kD by SDS-PAGE and 34 kD by gel filtration. The results revealed that the optimal pH value for the enzyme was 6.5 and the optimal temperature was 70 degrees C. The enzyme is stable between pH 5 to 10. The enzyme remained most of its activity after a treatment of 4 h at 50 degrees C, but lost 25% of activity at 60 degrees C for 4 h, lost 50% of activity at 70 degrees C for 3 h. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Hg2+. The Michaelis constants (Km) were measured as 11.30 mg/mL for locust bean gum and 4.76 mg/mL for konjac powder, while Vmax for these two polysaccharides were 188.68 (micromol x mL(-1) x min(-1)) and 114.94 (micromol x mL(-1) x min(-1)), respectively.
Subject(s)
Bacillus subtilis , Chromatography, Gel , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Enzyme Activation , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Kinetics , Mannosidases , Chemistry , Metabolism , Mercury , PharmacologyABSTRACT
The failure to improve the five-year survival rate of cancer patients, from one in three in the 1960s to one in two in the 1970s, stimulated awareness of the importance of primary prevention of cancer. Korean investigators carried out extensive long-term anticarcinogenicity experiments with 2000 newborn mice to investigate whether Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer inhibited carcinogenesis induced by several chemical carcinogens in 1978. There was a 22% decrease (p<0.05) in the incidence of urethane induced lung adenoma by the combined use of red ginseng extract. In the group sacrificed at 56 weeks after the treatment with aflatoxin B1, the incidence of hepatoma significantly decreased to 75% by the addition of red ginseng extract (p<0.05). The result showed that natural products can provide hope for human cancer prevention. By the newly established '9 week medium-term anticarcinogenicity test model of lung tumors in mice' (Yun's model), we confirmed significant anticarcinogenic effects of powders and extracts of the 6- yr-old dried fresh ginseng, 5- and 6-yr old white ginsengs, and 4-, 5-, and 6-yr old red ginseng. We also demonstrated that the anticarcinogencity of ginseng was more prominent in aged or heat treated extracts of ginseng and red ginseng made by steaming. To investigate the active components for cancer prevention, several fractions of 6-yr old fresh ginseng and red ginseng, four semi-synthetic ginsenoside Rh1, Rh2, Rg3 and Rg5, major saponin components in red ginseng, were prepared. Among the ginsenosides, Rg3 and Rg5 showed statistically significant reduction of lung tumor incidence and Rh2 had a tendency of decreasing the incidence. Ginsenoside Rg3, Rg5 and Rh2 were found to be active anticarcinogenic compounds. Rg3, Rg5 and Rh2 are active components in red ginseng, and they prevent cancer either singularly or synergistically.
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Humans , Mice , Animals , Anticarcinogenic Agents , Disease Models, Animal , Chemical Fractionation , Korea , Molecular Structure , Panax/chemistry , Plant Extracts/analysis , Time FactorsABSTRACT
TNP-conjugated spleen adherent cells (SAC) from normal BALB/c mice could stimulate lymph-node T lymphocytes (LNT) of 1, 3, 5-trinitrobenzene (TNCB) -primed syngeneic mice to proliferate in vitro. The proliferative response was suppressed when phorbol myristic acetate.(PMA) was present in the culture. SAC pretreated with PMA also suppressed markedly the response. Furthermore, PMA was shown to inhibit interleukin-1 (IL-1) production and/or secretion by macrophages in response to LPS stimulation in vitro. Therefore, the suppressive effect of PMA on antigen presentation seems to be due to its inhibitory effect on IL-1 production and/or secretion.
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Peritoneal macrophages from thioglycollate-treated C57BL/6 mice were separatedby centrifugation on Percoll discontinuous gradients.Macrophages were so separ-ated into four subpopulations and their tumor cytotoxicity and the effect of sodi-um selenite on different subsets were studied.There was no marked difference inphagocytic activity and Fc recepter activity among the four subpopulations.High-density macrophages activated by MAF were kighly cytostatic and cytolyticto tumor cells,while low-density macrophages were not Peritoneal injection of sodiumSelenite(lmg/kg)augmented macrophage-mediated cytotoxic activity by increasingtheir MAF responsiveness which occurred mainly in the low-density macrophages.sodium selenite did not affect macrophage maturation as the percentage of theperoxidasepositive macrophages remained unchanged,
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The inhibitory effect of Fusarin C,a new mutagen isolated from Fusarium moniliforme,on M? activation was investigated.The inhibitory effect of Fusarin C disappeared partially after 24 hr culture in the absence of the mycotoxin and completely after 72 hr.In addition,it could be overcome by high concentrations of M? activating factor or anti-serum to the target cells.
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The effect of Fusarin C, a new mutagen extracted from Fusarium moniliforme,on murine peritoneal M? activation by measuring M?-mediated MTC ADCC and CS,Fusarin C could inhibit M? activation by both MAF and FDP. The inhibitory effect was dose-and time-dependent and the curves of dose-and time-response were similar in all three assays. There is, however, apparent difference in Fusarin C dose and time needed to induce significant in hibition among these assays. Significant inhibition occured at 0.4?g/ml and 0.5?g/ml for MTC and CS respectively, but 1.6?g/ml for ADCC. Similarly, the minimal period of time necessary to bring about significant inhibition was 2 hr for MTC, but 3 hr for ADCC. Finally, significance of the inhibitory effect of Fusarin C on M? anti-tumor activity in relation to carcinogenesis was discussed.