ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The pathophysiological role of androgen deprivation in male sexual dysfunction remains controversial, and this is especially true at the molecular level. We investigated the effect of androgen deprivation on the changes of proteins in the penile corpus cavernosum of castrated rabbits by the proteomic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: New Zealand white male rabbits(2.5-3kg) were divided into 2 groups: the control group with 5 rabbits and the bilateral orchiectomized group. The bilateral orchiectomized group was divided into the post-operative 4 weeks group(group 1), and the 8 weeks group (group 2) with 5 rabbits in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The penile corpus cavernosum was partly excised at 4 or 8 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. Conventional proteomics was performed with high resolution 2-D gel electrophoresis; this was followed by computational image analysis and protein identification with using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: A comparison of the corpus cavernosum of the orchiectomized group with the control group showed that nine proteins had a changed expression. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and F-actin binding protein were under-expressed in groups 1 and 2, and myosin regulatory light chain 2, tropomyosin beta chain and tropomyosin 1 were significantly under- expressed in group 1 and they were insignificantly over-expressed in group 2. In addition there were 4 proteins that were insignificantly under- expressed; skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain MyHC-EO/III, a protein that was similar to suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 isoform, myosin light chain 1 and heat shock 27kDa protein 1. CONCLUSIONS: This data suggests that changes of proteins, and especially tropomyosin 1, mean there is processing of the cellular apoptosis pathway in the orchiectomized rabbits' corpus cavernosum. However more information is needed about human corpus cavernosal tissue.
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Rabbits , AnimalsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The pathophysiological role of androgen deprivation in male sexual dysfunction remains controversial, and this is especially true at the molecular level. We investigated the effect of androgen deprivation on the changes of proteins in the penile corpus cavernosum of castrated rabbits by the proteomic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: New Zealand white male rabbits(2.5-3kg) were divided into 2 groups: the control group with 5 rabbits and the bilateral orchiectomized group. The bilateral orchiectomized group was divided into the post-operative 4 weeks group(group 1), and the 8 weeks group (group 2) with 5 rabbits in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The penile corpus cavernosum was partly excised at 4 or 8 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. Conventional proteomics was performed with high resolution 2-D gel electrophoresis; this was followed by computational image analysis and protein identification with using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: A comparison of the corpus cavernosum of the orchiectomized group with the control group showed that nine proteins had a changed expression. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and F-actin binding protein were under-expressed in groups 1 and 2, and myosin regulatory light chain 2, tropomyosin beta chain and tropomyosin 1 were significantly under- expressed in group 1 and they were insignificantly over-expressed in group 2. In addition there were 4 proteins that were insignificantly under- expressed; skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain MyHC-EO/III, a protein that was similar to suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 isoform, myosin light chain 1 and heat shock 27kDa protein 1. CONCLUSIONS: This data suggests that changes of proteins, and especially tropomyosin 1, mean there is processing of the cellular apoptosis pathway in the orchiectomized rabbits' corpus cavernosum. However more information is needed about human corpus cavernosal tissue.
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Rabbits , AnimalsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The pathophysiological mechanisms of the bladder dysfunction in postmenopausal state are not well understood especially in moleclular level. Therefore we investigated the changes of bladder in female rat following bilateral ovariectomy by proteomic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained at 8 weeks of age and randomly divided into 2 groups in each 5 rats; sham operation group as the control group and the bilateral ovariectomy group. Whole urinary bladders of the rats were excised 4 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. Conventional proteomics was performed with high resolution 2-D gel electrophoresis followed by computational image analysis and protein identification using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Bladder weight was not changed by oophorectomy. A comparison of bladder of ovariectomy group with control showed that 8 proteins; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A was over-expressed, and chaperone grp 75 precursor, guanine deaminase, keratin complex 2, Gelsolin precursor, peroxiredoxin 2, Enol protein and contrapsin-like inhibitor 1 precursor were under-expressed in the oophorectomy group. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that the bilateral oophorectomy might make a bladder to have a cellular apoptosis and a change of contractility in the rat bladder. However more information is needed in human bladder tissue for clinical usage and long-term proteomic changes are needed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Female , Humans , Rats , Apoptosis , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Gelsolin , Guanine Deaminase , Mass Spectrometry , Ovariectomy , Peptide Initiation Factors , Peroxiredoxins , Proteomics , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Urinary BladderABSTRACT
In the rat brain stem, the origin of neurons and afferent fibers projecting to the lacrimal, submandibular or sublingual gland was investigated by means of retrograde transport of Cholera Toxin B Subunit (CTB), respectively. Injection of CTB into the lacrimal gland labeled their neurons in superior salivatory nucleus (SSN) and facial nucleus. Superior salivatory neurons innervating lacrimal gland were labeled more densely in the rostral and caudal part of SSN. In the facial nucleus, labeled cell bodys were seen in the posterolateral part of facial nucleus. Injection of CTB into the submandibular or sublingual gland labeled their neurons in SSN and their afferent fibers in nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). The superior salivatory neurons innervating submandibular or sublingual gland were labeled densely in the middle part of SSN. In the middle part of SSN, neurons innervating submandibular gland were labeled diffusely in the medial part of facial nerve and neurons innervating sublingual gland were labeled in the anteromedial and posterior part of facial nerve. The labeled nerve fibers in NTS were seen in the middle part of NTS.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Brain Stem , Brain , Cholera Toxin , Cholera , Facial Nerve , Lacrimal Apparatus , Nerve Fibers , Neurons , Solitary Nucleus , Sublingual Gland , Submandibular GlandABSTRACT
Cortex mori (Morus alba L.: Sangbaikpi), the root bark of mulberry tree, has been used as an antiphlogistic, diuretic, and expectorant in herbal medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated that the phenolic extract of Cortex mori have hypotensive, hypoglycemic, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and anticancer effects, and the hot water extract from Cortex mori has inhibitory effects on compound 48/80- induced mast cell degranulation and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). This study was perforrned to investigate the effects of polysaccharide fraction from Cortex mori (PFCM) on compound 48/80-induced degranulation, histamine release, calcium influx, changes of intracellular cAMP and cGMP level, and morphological changes of RPMCs. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Compound 48/80-induced cytomorphological changes such as swelling, degranulation, intracellular vacuoles, and interrupted cell boundary were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with either hot water or polysaccaride fractions frorn Cortex mori (PFCM), 2) the compound 48/80-induced histamine release from RPMCs pretreated with PFCM was significantly inhibited, compared to that of control without PFCM pretreatment, 3) the PFCM inhibited remarkably the compound 48/80-induced calcium influx into the RPMCs, 4) the PFCM increased significantly the intracellular cAMP levels and decreased the intracellular cGMP levels of RPMCs, compared to those of normal control, and 5) the compound 48/80-induced cAMP levels of RPMCs pretreated with PFCM were significantly increased, compared to those of positive control without PFCM, and the compound 48/80-induced cGMP levels of RPMCs pretreated with PFCM were remarkably decreased, compared to those of positive control without PFCM. From the above results, it is suggested that PFCM have an activity to inhibit the compound 48/80-induced mast cell activation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Calcium , Herbal Medicine , Histamine Release , Mast Cells , Morus , Phenol , Trees , Vacuoles , WaterABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate the origin of neurons and afferent fibers projecting to submandibular gland by means of retrograde transport of Cholera Toxin B Subunit (CTB). CTB was injected into the both side submandibular gland or left side submandibular gland. In the rat brain stem, neurons were labeled with CTB in superior salivatory nucleus (SSN), facial nucleus, caudal region of hypoglossal nucleus, lateral horn of spinal cervical segment and their afferent fibers in nucleus tractus solitarius. At the most rostal level of SSN, the labeled cells were seen in lateral aspect of pontine reticular formation. At the level of facial nerve that traverse the dorsal part of the spinal trigeminal tract, the labeled cells of SSN extended to the anterolateral direction of lateral aspect of reticular formation. At the level of facial nucleus, the labeled cells of SSN were seen in the area of caudal prologation of the same region of rostral ones, but decreased in cell number. In the facial nucleus, the labeled cells were confined in central part of facial nucleus. In the first and second spinal cervical segment, the labeled cells were seen in the intermediomedial nucleus of lateral horn. The labeled nerve fibers in nucleus tractus solitarius were seen at the level of the 4th ventricle which the medial border of the nucleus tractus solitarius meets. Injection of CTB into the left submandibular gland labeled their neurons on the left and right superior salivatory nucleus (SSN), but other labeled cells and fibers were localized only on the left side.