ABSTRACT
The purposes of this study were to assess the child care centers' foodservice facility, and to develop the kitchen facility model based on the general sanitation standards and guidelines in order to provide basic information for a plan review to build or renovate child care centers' foodservice facility. The scopes of the study include : 1) field assessment of the foodservice management practices and facilities in 8 public child care centers, and 2 private child care centers which they are subsidized from the government as public child care centers, 2) development of child care centers' kitchen facility model based on the General Sanitation Standards and Guidelines. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. Field Assessment of the Child Care Centers' Foodservice Facility Average number of children in child care centers was 78.0+/-24.20, the average space of kitchen was 15.13+/-4.25(m2). Especially, the average space of kitchen was 18.49+/-4.35(m2) with enrollment capacity of 90~120 children in child care centers. The inventory level of most foods was relatively low except rice and kimchi. Kitchen facilities and equipments were similar to those of home kitchen and did not meet the standards of institutional practice. Therefore, the director in child care centers should recognize the importance of the sanitation management and pay more attention to the renovation of foodservice facilities as well as sanitation management practices. 2. Development of the Kitchen Facility Model based on the General Sanitation Standards and Guidelines The kitchen facility plan model with enrollment capacity of 100 children was developed based on the results of field assessment and literature review. Suggested kitchen space was 34.16m2(6,100mmx5,600mm). This space was bigger than the results of field survey or precedent study, considered appropriate to implement the general sanitation standards. The main feature of the developed kitchen facility plan and model was product flow in one direction from the arrival of the raw material to the finished product in order to prevent cross contamination and to improve working efficiency.
Subject(s)
Child , Child , Humans , Child Care , Institutional Practice , SanitationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of monozygotic twinning after IVF-ET transfer. METHODS: Private practice in two different assisted reproductive technology clinics. RESULTS: Three intrauterine monozygotic twin pregnancies occurred after IVF-ET. One of them was complicated by cord entanglement, another is progressing normal pregnancy without complication and the other was had a normal pregnancy without complication and delivered twin by cesarean section. CONCLUSION: The reported prevalence of multiple gestations in IVF-ET is a approximately 30%, and it is only 2.7% to be monozygotic twinning in IVF-ET. We report three cases of monozygotic twining after IVF-ET.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Cesarean Section , Prevalence , Private Practice , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Twinning, Monozygotic , Twins, MonozygoticABSTRACT
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is a condition in which, as a result of pelvic inflammatory disease, the liver capsule becomes involved with inflammatory exudate that later leaves violin string adhesions. Although in the past Neisseria gonorrhea was thought to be the only etiological agent, recent data indicate that Chlamydia trachomatis may play an important role in perihepatitis. Perihepatic adhesions may be an aftereffect of the acute hepatic episode, and because the cause of ectopic pregnancy is thought to be salpingitis, women with an ectopic pregnancy may have a higher prevalence of coexisting perihepatic adhesion. The incidence of this conditon in ectopic gestation was reported to be 14-34 %. Direct observation of the liver and pelvis through laparoscope is the most definitive method of diagnosing salpingitis and perihepatitis. Standard treatement regimens recommended for salpingitis are adequate also for treatement of perihepatitis. We have experienced two cases of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome associated with ectopic pregnancy, and report with the brief review of the literatures.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Chlamydia trachomatis , Exudates and Transudates , Gonorrhea , Incidence , Laparoscopes , Liver , Neisseria , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease , Pelvis , Pregnancy, Ectopic , Prevalence , SalpingitisABSTRACT
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis is defined as generalized edema of soft tissue in utero, with or without effusions in serous cavities, with no hematologic evidence of isoimmunization. Becases of successful prevention of Rh isoimmunization, most cases are now of the nonimmune typeWe experienced a case of hydrops fetalis at 22 weeks' of gestation, which was detectcd by antenatal ultrasoundSo, we present this case with a breif review of the literature.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Ebstein Anomaly , Edema , Hydrops Fetalis , Rh IsoimmunizationABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies , Chlamydia trachomatis , Chlamydia , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Neisseria , PrevalenceABSTRACT
No abstract available.