ABSTRACT
C4 glomerulopathy is a recently introduced entity that presents with bright C4d staining and minimal or absent immunoglobulin and C3 staining. We report a case of a 62-year-old man with C4 glomerulonephritis (GN) and uveitis. He presented to the nephrology department with proteinuria and hematuria. The patient also had intermediate uveitis along with proteinuria and hematuria. A kidney biopsy that was performed in light of continuing proteinuria and hematuria showed a focal proliferative, focal sclerotic glomerulopathy pattern on light microscopy, absent staining for immunoglobulin or C3 by immunofluorescence microscopy, with bright staining for C4d on immunohistochemistry, and electron-dense deposits on electron microscopy. Consequently, C4 GN was suggested as the pathologic diagnosis. Although laser microdissection and mass spectrometry for glomerular deposit and pathologic evaluation of the retinal tissue were not performed, this is the first report of C4 GN in Korea and the first case of coexisting C4 GN and uveitis in the English literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Biopsy , Diagnosis , Glomerulonephritis , Hematuria , Immunoglobulins , Immunohistochemistry , Kidney , Korea , Mass Spectrometry , Microdissection , Microscopy , Microscopy, Electron , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Nephrology , Proteinuria , Retinaldehyde , Uveitis , Uveitis, IntermediateABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: BRAF V600E mutation status and prevalence of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) has not yet been reported in Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of the BRAF V600E mutation in the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) and to determine the prevalence of NIFTP in BRAF V600E mutation-prevalent Korean patients. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed 1,417 consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with routine prophylactic central lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). BRAF V600E mutation analysis was performed routinely using multiplex polymerase chain reaction by applying dual priming oligonucleotide. Clinicopathological characteristics and ultrasonographic findings were compared between BRAF V600E mutation-positive and -negative groups for FVPTC. Pathologists reviewed the pathology slides according to consensus diagnostic criteria for the encapsulated FVPTC and NIFTP. RESULTS: The prevalence of the BRAF V600E mutation in all subtypes of PTC was 61.0% (861/1,411). FVPTC presented a BRAF V600E mutation rate of 27.3%. The FVPTC patients with BRAF V600E mutation were older than those with no BRAF V600E mutation (P = 0.021). The prevalence of NIFTP was 0.18% among all PTC patients (2/1,411) and the proportion of NIFTP among FVPTC was 9.1% (2/22). CONCLUSION: The BRAF V600E mutation is prevalent in Korean patients with FVPTC in a region with high frequency of the BRAF V600E mutation and very low prevalence of NIFTP compared with that reported in western studies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Papillary , Consensus , Korea , Lymph Node Excision , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction , Mutation Rate , Pathology , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid Gland , Thyroid Neoplasms , ThyroidectomyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been determined in breast cancers. Interferons can affect T-cell activity through direct and indirect mechanisms. Myxovirus resistance A (MxA) is an excellent marker of interferon activity. Here,we evaluated TILs and MxA expression in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety cases of hormone receptor (HR)+/HER2+ tumors and 78 cases of HR–/HER2+ tumors were included. The TILs level was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin–stained full face sections, and MxA expressionwas evaluated by immunohistochemistrywith a tissue microarray. RESULTS: MxA protein expression was significantly higher in tumors with high histologic grade (p=0.023) and high levels of TILs (p=0.002). High levels of TILs were correlated with high histological grade (p=0.001), negative lymphovascular invasion (p=0.007), negative lymph node metastasis (p=0.007), absence of HR expression (p < 0.001), abundant tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) around ductal carcinoma in situ (p=0.018), and abundant TLSs around the invasive component (p < 0.001). High levels of TILs were also associated with improved disease-free survival, particularly in HR–/HER2+ breast cancers. However, MxA was not a prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: High expression of MxA in tumor cells was associated with high levels of TILs in HER2-positive breast cancers. Additionally, a high level of TILs was a prognostic factor for breast cancer, whereas the level of MxA expression had no prognostic value.
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating , Disease-Free Survival , Epidermal Growth Factor , Hematoxylin , Interferons , Lymph Nodes , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating , Myxovirus Resistance Proteins , Neoplasm Metastasis , Orthomyxoviridae , ErbB Receptors , T-LymphocytesABSTRACT
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) associated with uterine venous plexus thrombosis is very rare. This was recently observed in a puerperal woman without significant medical history. The woman had two pregnancy-associated risk factors for venous thromboembolism, which were obesity and cesarean delivery. A day after cesarean delivery, she presented with dyspnea and cyanosis. When transferred to a larger hospital, no pulse was detected, and she was pronounced dead. Autopsy examination revealed that the cause of death was related to PTE, apparently due to thrombi that originated in the uterine venous plexus.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Autopsy , Cause of Death , Cyanosis , Dyspnea , Obesity , Postpartum Period , Pulmonary Embolism , Risk Factors , Thrombosis , Venous Thromboembolism , Venous ThrombosisABSTRACT
No abstract available.