A Study on Vitamin C Content of Nutrition Emphasized Products / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: Vitamin C has various functions such as antioxidative effect and supporting absorption of iron (Fe). Aim of this present study was to provide vitamin C nutrition information and to briefly evaluate absorption interaction of vitamin C and Fe content of vitamin C emphasized products. METHODS: Vitamin C emphasized foods including beverages, cereal, snacks, chocolate products, other cocoa products, and sugary products were examined by HPLC. Fe contents in samples after dry-ashing were examined by ICP. RESULTS: Vitamin C content ranges in various products tested were the following: beverages (n=11) 20.15 ± 0.08~845.41 ± 6.07 mg, cereal (n=11) 52.50 ± 0.23~262.50 ± 0.07 mg, snacks (n=1) 50.00 ± 0.25 mg, chocolate products (n=1) 311.73 ± 2.44 mg, other cocoa products (n=1) 311.73 ± 2.44 mg, other sugary products (n=2) 52.50 ± 0.23~262.50 ± 0.07 mg. Vitamin C (n=27) analysis values ranged from 82 to 450% of the labeled value. Vitamin C content in vitamin C emphasized food (n=6) was estimated 7.7 times~56.6 times more than Fe content. CONCLUSIONS: Analyzed samples ranged more than 80% of the labeled value in vitamin C emphasized products, which complied with food labeling regulation. But, beverages (n=3), cereal (n=4), chocolate products (n=1) were 2 times more than the labeled value. To provide accurate nutrition information, food manufactures should supervise nutrition labeling and understand the interactions between nutrients. Also, consumer should decide about the adequate amount of nutrient intake by thoroughly checking nutrition labeling.

The Effect of the Swimming Exercise on Functional Recovery after Experimental Contusive Spinal Cord Injury in the Rats

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to see the effect of swimming exercise in the rats after experimental contusive spinal cord injury. METHOD: Twenty six Sprague-Dawley rats (weight, 300 to 350 g) were divided into control (n=9) and experimental swimming groups (n=17). With the Spinal Cord Dropping Device (NYU, U.S.A.), contusive injury to the spinal cord was induced at the eighth thoracic level in both groups. Rats of the experimental group put to swim for 5 minutes a day during the second week and then swimming times a day were increased in one number to each week. But the other ten rats were remained without swimming exercise as the control. Functional recovery of the hind limb was evaluated by the inclined board plane test, the Bassoe Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scales and histological findings of injured spinal cord. RESULTS: 1) Upward maximal angles of the inclined plane test were significantly greater in experimental group than control group after 10 days post-injury (p<0.05). 2) BBB scores were higher in experimental group than control group at 14 days after injury (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that swimming applied from the early phase after spinal cord injury be beneficial in the early recovery of motor function.

Effect of Isometric Muscle Contraction on the Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of the muscle contraction with gating of the sensory input at central and peripheral levels according to the intensity of muscle contraction and location of the muscles, somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) studies were evaluated at different levels of isometric contraction in the different muscles. METHOD: Median nerve SSEPs were recorded at Erb's point and scalp in the ten healthy adult subjects with isometric contraction of ipsilateral abductor pollicis brevis (APB), ipsilateral abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and contralateral APB. Median nerve SSEPs were recorded in each of these conditions during precontraction, weak contraction, strong contraction and 4 minutes after contraction. RESULTS: 1) N9 amplitudes of median SSEPs recorded at Erb's point were augumented during weak contraction and these amplitude augumentations were statistically significant in the ipsilateral APB contraction (p<0.05). 2) N20 amplitudes recorded at scalp were inhibited during strong isometric contraction and these amplitude inhibitions were statistically significant in the ipsilateral APB contraction (p<0.05). 3) The latencies of N9 and N20 potentials were not significantly changed during isometric contraction. CONCLUSION: Therefore peripheral nervous system as well as central nervous system is responsible for gating, so the subject should be asked for the best relaxation possible for higher reliability of SSEPs.

Social status and role of students entering Jejoongwon: focus on Kyum-Rae Lee / 의사학

This study considers the social class and social role of the entering students of Jejoongwon at that time in light of its very first medical graduate, Kyum-Rae Lee. Foremost, Kyum-Rae Lee was confirmed to have been from a middle-class family. However, unlike other chungin-class families, his family belonged to the minority. He seemed to have entered medical school to seek opportunity to move up in social class by taking advantage of special government provisions, which allowed him to learn English and Western medicine. Afterwards, he performed heroic services in the peasant-war, proceeded up to administration and participated in the modernization of Great Han Empire. With his knowledge of Western concepts, he became involved in numerous social activities, such as organizing the Enlightenment Society and leading the Enlightenment Movement. In much the same way, most early students were from low-class background with exceptional personal abilities and were able to pass aptitude examinations. Such achievements allowed them to apply for positions in the military and administrative management. Ten years later, medical education to train medical professionals was revived with changes in attitudes of people of Chosun Dynasty toward Western medicine and with creation of formal medical study.

Comparative Analysis of Developmental Assessment, Evoked Potentials, Electroencephalography, and Brain MRI in Children with Cerebral Palsy

OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to determine the value of developmental assessment, multimodality evoked potentials, brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) and to identify correlations between each evaluation. METHOD: Developmental assessments such as Bayley scales of infant development and Vineland social maturity scale, brain MRI, EEG and evoked potentials findings were evaluated in 45 children with spastic cerebral palsy to assess the developmental level and abnormalities of the anatomical structure of the brain and to elucidate the relationship between the test methods. RESULTS: 1) Mean mental developmental index (MDI) and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) were 69.6 and 68.6, respectively and mean Vineland social maturity quotient (SQ) was 76.1 and there was a significant correlation between the MDI, PDI, and SQ in cerebral palsied children. 2) Abnormal findings of brain MRI and EEG were found in 73.3% and 44.4% of the cases, respectively. 3) There was significant correlation between findings of brain MRI, auditory evoked potentials, visual evoked potentials, median somatosensory evoked potentials and social quotient. CONCLUSION: Developmental assessment, multimodality evoked potentials, EEG, and brain MRI would be a useful method to evaluate the maturity of brain and estimate the level of development.