ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It is known that propofol protects myocardium against a global ischemia-reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart model. The aim of this study was to investigate whether propofol, at a clinically relevant concentration infused during the peri-ischemic period, also provides a protective effect against a regional myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. METHODS: Rats were subjected to 25 minutes of coronary artery occlusion followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Propofol or intralipid was administrated during 35 minutes starting 5 minutes before the onset of ischemia until 5 minutes after the onset of reperfusion. A micromanometer catheter was advanced into the left ventricle and the hemodynamic function was evaluated. The infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining after 24 hours of reperfusion. RESULTS: Propofol administration during the peri-ischemic period demonstrated protective effects on hemodynamic function and infarct size reduction. In the control group, the peak rate of the ventricular pressure increase (+dP/dt(max))(P = 0.0001) and the peak rate of the intraventricular pressure decline (-dP/dt(max))(P = 0.0001) were significantly decreased compared to the sham group. In the propofol group, the +dP/dt(max) (P = 0.003) and -dP/dt(max) (P = 0.002) were significantly improved compared to the control group. The infarct size was 47.6% of the area at risks in the control group, and was reduced markedly by administration of propofol during the peri-ischemic period to 26.2% in the propofol group (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Propofol, at a clinically relevant concentration infused during the peri-ischemic period, have protective effect after regional myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat heart model.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Catheters , Coronary Vessels , Emulsions , Heart , Heart Ventricles , Hemodynamics , Ischemia , Myocardium , Phospholipids , Propofol , Reperfusion , Reperfusion Injury , Salicylamides , Soybean Oil , Tetrazolium Salts , Ventricular PressureABSTRACT
Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a slow, usually monoarticular, progressive proliferative disorder of uncertain etiology involving joint tissue, tendon sheath, and bursae. Pigmented villonodular synovitis has been divided in two forms-diffuse and localized. Localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee joint can present with symptoms of pain, locking and instability. We report a case of a patient who presented with symptoms of recurrent subluxation of patella due to a localized pigmented villonodular synovitis occurring in the medial patellofemoral joint.
Subject(s)
Humans , Joints , Knee , Knee Joint , Patella , Patellofemoral Joint , Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular , TendonsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical effect of anterior interbody fusion using a horizontal cylinder cage in a degenerative lumbar spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 16 patients (at 20 levels) who received anterior interbody fusion using a horizontal cylinder cage in a degenerative lumbar spine or in secondary segmental lumbar instability following decompression at the same level from May 1997 to May 1998. Preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up radiographs were taken to compare the posterior disc height, neuroforaminal area, and the neuroforaminal volume. Fusion rates and clinical results were also reviewed. RESULTS: Posterior disc height (mm), neuroforaminal area (mm2) and neuroforaminal volume (mm3) were increased and maintained during the follow-up period. Radiological fusion was noted in 17 levels (85%) at a postoperative 1 year. Satisfactory clinical results were also obtained in 17 levels (85%). CONCLUSION: Anterior interbody fusion using a horizontal cylinder cage might be an effective method in the surgical treatment of degenerative lumbar spine or secondary segmental lumbar instability.
Subject(s)
Humans , Decompression , Follow-Up Studies , SpineABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dimenhydrinate is known to act on the vestibular system, causing vestiular suppression. But the effects related with therapeutic dosage on eye tracking tests and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) are not clear yet. We performed this study to evaluate the effects of dimenhyrinate on eye tracking tests and VOR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty five healthy subjects, comprising of 12 men and 13 women between the ages of 15 and 69 (mean age=39) participated in this study. The assessment included saccade test, smooth pursuit test, optokinetic nystagmus test for eye tracking test and sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test for VOR test. Each test was performed before, and 2 hours and 4 hours after the oral intake of dimenhydrinate (therapeutic dosage: 50 mg). The subjects were kept alert by performing a calculation task and communicating with the investigator during tests. RESULTS: Analysis of results showed that latency was prolonged after 2 hours but was returned to initiae value after 4 hours. Gain was not changed in the saccade test as well as in the smooth pursuit test. Mean slow phase eye velocity (SPEV) decreased after 4 hours in optokinetic nystagmus test. Gain and phase lead decreased only at 0.01 Hz in sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test. CONCLUSION: Dimenhydrinate had minimal effects on eye tracking tests and VOR when the patient's alertness was kept during test.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Acceleration , Dimenhydrinate , Nystagmus, Optokinetic , Pursuit, Smooth , Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular , Research Personnel , SaccadesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recently, the demand for corrective rhinoplasty has increased due to a higher frequency of accidents as well as improved socioeconomic status. Thus, there is an increased interest in the correction of deviated noses in the otorhinolaryngologic field. This study offers a clinical analysis of our experiences in the corrective rhinoplasty and makes a case that the simultaneous correction method by the exteral approach is suitable for combined deformities of the nose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 69 patients who underwent corrective rhinoplasty during the last four years. Initially, patients were put under general anesthesia, and the procedures were performed through the external approach. Following the initial corrective rhinoplasty was a simultaneous correction of combined deformities of the nose such as deviated noses with saddle deformity or hump nose or camouflage of the deviation with one or two straight layered cartilage on the nasal dorsum. RESULTS: Satisfactory results were achieved in most cases except in the two cases of incomplete correction, one case of cosmetical unsatisfaction and one case of intermittent nasal obstruction. CONCLUSION: Deviated noses frequently have combined deformities. For better results, it is necessary to correct combined deformities simultaneously. The authors obtained satisfactory results through simultaneous correction of complicated deformities using the external approach.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia, General , Cartilage , Congenital Abnormalities , Nasal Obstruction , Nose , Retrospective Studies , Rhinoplasty , Social ClassABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A successful reduction rhinoplasty would require more than a hump removal, since most of the patients show drooped nasal tips with an acute naso-frontal angle. For better results, therefore, the patients also need to receive a stronger cephalic rotation of the nasal tip as well as augmentation of the nasion. In order to perform such combined procedures, the external rhinoplasty approach is considered to be suitable for correcting hump noses since this approach provides a better visual field. This report analyses reduction rhinoplasty using augmentation of nasal tip and nasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 46 patients who underwent reduction rhinoplasty from Jan 1994 through May 1997. Almost all of the cases were performed by using the external approach. RESULTS: Reduction rhinoplasty using the external approach of tip projection and augmentation of the nasion following the hump removal gave satisfactory results. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the external approach of augmentation of the nasal tip and the nasion offers satisfactory outcome in reduction rhinoplasty.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nose , Retrospective Studies , Rhinoplasty , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
Though the existence of glutamate-immunoreactive(GL-IR) neurons has been suggested in the nucleus ambiguous(NA) by immunocytochemistry, information regarding the distribution of neurons containing glutamate as a neurotransmitter has been to be elucidated. The author focused on distribution and morphology of GL-IR neurons in the NA, which were compared with cholera toxin beta-subunit(CTB) labeled neurons after its injection to the nodose ganglion(NG) in the cat. The results showed that the majority of neurons in the NA were immunoreactive to excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, and they seemed to be distributed evenly without any special area of predilection or grouping pattern. The cellular shape was predominantly multipolar. GL-IR neurons showed some similarity in morphology and distribution pattern with CTB labeled cells.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cholera Toxin , Cholera , Glutamic Acid , Immunohistochemistry , Larynx , Motor Neurons , Neurons , Neurotransmitter Agents , Nodose GanglionABSTRACT
Existence of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve containing afferent fibers is much of concern. In this study, it is the aim to identify the component of fibers by immunohistochemistry using choline acetyltransferase, the specific marker of the cholinergic motor neuron. Both side of external branch of superior laryngeal nerve were excised from 4 adult cats, and also obtained the great auricular nerve and the hypoglossal nerve for sensory control and motor control specimen, respectively. There were no fibers with immune reaction in the great auricular nerve while all of the fibers in the hypoglossal nerve were strongly stained with rabbit anti-choline acetyltransferase antibody. In the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, 12.7% of the fibers were not stained with immune reaction product. They are smaller than stained nerve fibers in cross sectioned diameter and peripherally located in the same fascicle. The identification of unstained fiber group in the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve suggest that it is a mixed nerve and not purely motor, possibly containing the sensory nerve fiber.