Pulmonary Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia in a 33-Year-Old Woman

Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia is a reactive lymphoproliferative disease. It is very rare, which means that many aspects of the disease are unknown or have not been proven. Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia can be symptomatic or asymptomatic, progressive or not, and solitary or multiple, and a surgical approach is the current treatment of choice. We present a case of pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia that was visualized as multiple ground glass opacities on a computed tomography (CT) scan, and observed for 1 year because the patient was pregnant. Over this period, the number and extent of the opacities progressed, but no symptoms were reported. A surgical biopsy was done and some remaining lesions regressed on follow-up CT scans, while others progressed, without any appearance of symptoms.

GLUT1 as a Prognostic Factor for Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Correlation with PD-L1 and PD-L2 Expression

BACKGROUND: Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) expression is linked to glucose metabolism and tissue hypoxia. A recent study reported that GLUT1 was significantly associated with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a therapeutic target in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). The purpose of this study was to measure the expression of GLUT1 and assess its prognostic significance and potential relationships with PD-L1, programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), and programmed death-1 (PD-1) expressions in cHL. METHODS: Diagnostic tissues from 125 patients with cHL treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine were evaluated retrospectively via immunohistochemical analysis of GLUT1, PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD-1 expression. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 4.83 years (range, 0.08 to 17.33 years). GLUT1, PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD-1 were expressed in 44.8%, 63.2%, 9.6%, and 13.6% of the specimens, respectively. Positive correlations were found between GLUT1 and PD-L1 expression (p = .004) and between GLUT1 and PD-L2 expression (p = .031). GLUT1 expression in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells was not associated with overall survival or event-free survival (EFS) in the entire cohort (p = .299 and p = .143, respectively). A subgroup analysis according to the Ann Arbor stage illustrated that GLUT1 expression in HRS cells was associated with better EFS in advanced-stage disease (p = .029). A multivariate analysis identified GLUT1 as a marginally significant prognostic factor for EFS (p = .068). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that GLUT1 expression is associated with better clinical outcomes in advanced-stage cHL and is significantly associated with PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressions.

Gene mutation discovery research of non-smoking lung cancer patients due to indoor radon exposure

Although the incidence and mortality for most cancers such as lung and colon are decreasing in several countries, they are increasing in several developed countries because of an unhealthy western lifestyles including smoking, physical inactivity and consumption of calorie-dense food. The incidences for lung and colon cancers in a few of these countries have already exceeded those in the United States and other western countries. Among them, lung cancer is the main cause of cancer death in worldwide. The cumulative survival rate at five years differs between 13 and 21 % in several countries. Although the most important risk factors are smoking for lung cancer, however, the increased incidence of lung cancer in never smokers(LCINS) is necessary to improve knowledge concerning other risk factors. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are also thought to contribute to lung cancer risk. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma who have never smoking frequently contain mutation within tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) gene. Also, K-ras mutations are more common in individuals with a history of smoking use and are related with resistance to EFGR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recently, radon(Rn), natural and noble gas, has been recognized as second common reason of lung cancer. In this review, we aim to know whether residential radon is associated with an increased risk for developing lung cancer and regulated by several genetic polymorphisms.

Perineural Involvement in Benign Mixed Tumor

No abstract available.

Prognostic Significance of Absolute Lymphocyte Count/Absolute Monocyte Count Ratio at Diagnosis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

BACKGROUND: Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) in peripheral blood has recently been reported to be an independent prognostic factor in multiple myeloma (MM). Previous studies indicated that the absolute monocyte count (AMC) in peripheral blood reflects the state of the tumor microenvironment in lymphomas. Neither the utility of the AMC nor its relationship with ALC has been studied in MM. METHODS: The prognostic value of ALC, AMC, and the ALC/AMC ratio at the time of diagnosis was retrospectively examined in 189 patients with MM. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, low ALC ( or =490 cells/microL), and low ALC/AMC ratio (<2.9) were correlated with worse overall survival (OS) (p=.002, p=.038, and p=.001, respectively). On multivariate analysis, the ALC/AMC ratio was an independent prognostic factor (p=.047), whereas ALC and AMC were no longer statistical significant. Low ALC, high AMC, and low ALC/AMC ratio were associated with poor prognostic factors such as high International Staging System stage, plasmablastic morphology, hypoalbuminemia, and high beta2-microglobulin. CONCLUSIONS: Univariate analysis demonstrated that changes in ALC, AMC, and the ALC/AMC ratio are associated with patient survival in MM. Multivariate analysis showed that, of these factors, the ALC/AMC ratio was an independent prognostic factor for OS.

A Case of Chronic Pyothorax-Associated Lymphoma / 대한내과학회지

Pyothorax-associated lymphoma is a distinct type of malignant lymphoma composed of lymphocytes, mostly of a B-cell nature. It occurs in patients with a long history of pyothorax and is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. We experienced a case of pyothorax-associated lymphoma in a 66-year-old male. The patient had chronic pyothorax after tuberculous pleurisy was treated about 37 years earlier and was hospitalized for a recently occurring chest wall mass. A core needle biopsy of the chest wall mass led to a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pyothorax-associated lymphoma is rare in Korea, but should be considered in patients with chronic pyothorax and a recently occurring pleural mass.

A Case of Chronic Pyothorax-Associated Lymphoma / 대한내과학회지

Pyothorax-associated lymphoma is a distinct type of malignant lymphoma composed of lymphocytes, mostly of a B-cell nature. It occurs in patients with a long history of pyothorax and is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. We experienced a case of pyothorax-associated lymphoma in a 66-year-old male. The patient had chronic pyothorax after tuberculous pleurisy was treated about 37 years earlier and was hospitalized for a recently occurring chest wall mass. A core needle biopsy of the chest wall mass led to a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pyothorax-associated lymphoma is rare in Korea, but should be considered in patients with chronic pyothorax and a recently occurring pleural mass.

Glomus Tumor of the Sinonasal Tract: Two Case Reports and a Review of Literature

Herein we describe two cases of nasal glomus tumor. Histological findings were typical, save for one which was quite large (3.1 cm in its greatest dimension) with an invasive growth pattern and increased ki-67 labeling index (up to 10%). These features raised a red flag of similarity to a recently described "invasive glomus tumor of nasal cavity", suggesting a more aggressive form of glomus tumor. However, objective criteria for this possibility is lacking at present and more similar case studies are needed to establish a truly aggressive form of glomus tumor.

Primary Splenic Vascular Lesions: A Clinicopathologic, Immunophenotypic and Radiopathologic Correlation Study of 40 Cases

BACKGROUND: Primary splenic vascular lesions include the tumor and the inflammatory condition. A primary splenic vascular tumor is rare but is the most common tumor of the benign primary splenic tumors. METHODS: We describe the clinicopathological, radiological, and immunophenotypical findings of 40 cases of primary vascular lesions identified at our hospital from 1996 to 2009. RESULTS: The patients included 18 men and 22 women, aged 12 to 74 years, with a mean of 43.3-years and median of 40-years. They comprised 14 hemangiomas (35%), 13 lymphangiomas (32.5%), three hamartomas (7.5%), three littoral cell angiomas (7.5%), three sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformations (SANT, 7.5%) and four angiosarcomas (10%). The majority of the patients (65%) were asymptomatic. Some of the patients (32.5%) complained of abdominal pain, and 2.5% of the patients presented with fever. Metastases were identified in 75% of the patients with an angiosarcoma at the initial work-up. One angiosarcoma patient died of the disease despite adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The radiological findings for hamartoma, littoral cell angioma, and SANT were nonspecific. Microscopically, six types of vascular lesions showed classic morphological and immunophenotypical features of their type. CONCLUSIONS: One should be aware of rare splenic vascular lesions when radiological findings are nonspecific. Histomorphological and immunophenotypical features are helpful for the differential diagnosis.

Splenic Littoral Cell Angioma with Hepatitis C Associated Liver Cirrhosis

Littoral cell angioma (LCA) of spleen is an uncommon vascular neoplasm of littoral cell origin. It is well established that LCA may be associated with other malignancy or autoimmune disorders. We describe a 34-year-old woman with viral hepatitis C associated liver cirrhosis who presented with the incidental finding of LCA. She showed ascites, esophageal varix and drowsy mentality. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed multiple benign looking nodules in both hepatic lobes, but no abnormality in spleen. Liver transplantation and splenectomy were performed. Microscopic findings revealed narrow anastomosing vascular channels lined with plump cells that exfoliated into the lumen. Immunohistochemically the lining cells were positive for CD31, CD68 and negative for CD34, consistent with LCA. Herein, a second case of an incidentally detected LCA with cirrhosis, viral hepatitis C associated in Korea is reported.

A Case of CD56+ Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type, Presenting as a Duodenal Ulcer Bleeding / 대한소화기학회지

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma is a recently recognized distinct entity within the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid tumors. It is relatively prevalent in Asian and South American populations. It most commonly occurs in the nasal or paranasal areas and less frequently in the skin, the soft tissue, and the gastrointestinal tract. Among these, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract has shown an aggressive clinical course. We report a case of CD56+ extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma presenting as a duodenal ulcer bleeding. A 62-year-old male patient presented with melena and abdominal pain. Endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract showed the duodenal ulcer covered by blood clot. Pathologic examination revealed the diffuse infiltration of atypical lymphocytes with an angiocentric growth pattern, which was positive for CD3, CD56, and granzyme. The patient showed rapid deteriorating clinical course and died on day 14 after admission. Thus, we report this case with the review of literatures.