ABSTRACT
Objective:To learn about the changing trend of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and the iodine nutrition level of key populations in Fuzhou.Methods:From March 2017 to October 2019, a cross-sectional survey method was used to carry out IDD monitoring among key populations in 12 counties (cities, districts) of Fuzhou. In each county (city, district), one township/street was selected from five directions: East, West, South, North and Middle. Forty non-boarding children aged 8-10 (age balanced, half male and half female) from one primary school and 20 pregnant women in each township/street were selected as the survey subjects. The edible salt samples and instant urine samples of children and pregnant women were collected to detect the contents of salt iodine and urinary iodine; the thyroid volume of children was measured by B-ultrasound, and the goiter rate was calculated.Results:From 2017 to 2019, a total of 7 479 edible salt samples were collected from children's homes, and the median salt iodine was 23.40 mg/kg, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 94.06% (7 035/7 479), the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.70% (6 873/7 035), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 91.90% (6 873/7 479). A total of 3 602 edible salt samples were collected from pregnant women's homes, and the median salt iodine was 23.69 mg/kg, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 94.73% (3 412/3 602), the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.66% (3 332/3 412), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 92.50% (3 332/3 602). A total of 7 479 urine samples were collected from children, and the median urinary iodine was 172.70 μg/L. A total of 3 602 urine samples were collected from pregnant women, and the median urinary iodine was 131.21 μg/L. A total of 7 479 cases of thyroid gland in children were examined, including 89 cases of goiter, and the goiter rate was 1.19%.Conclusions:The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt ( > 90%) of key populations, urinary iodine (100-< 200 μg/L) and goiter rate ( < 5%) of children in Fuzhou are all in line with the national standard for elimination of IDD, but pregnant women are at risk of iodine deficiency (urinary iodine < 150 μg/L).
ABSTRACT
Objective:To understand the level and distribution of iodine contents in drinking water in Fuzhou City so as to provide evidence for prevention of iodine deficiency disorders and health intervention.Methods:In 2017, a township-level water iodine survey was carried out in 12 counties (cities, districts) under the jurisdiction of Fuzhou City, with a township as a unit, and carry out administrative village-level water iodine survey in township with the median water iodine ≥ 10 μg/L. The water samples of residents' drinking water were collected according to different water supply methods (centralized water supply, mixed water supply and decentralized water supply), and the water iodine content was determined. The water iodine content less than 10 μg/L means iodine deficiency in the external environment. The iodine contents in drinking water of residents in different areas, different water supply methods and different water source types were compared and analyzed.Results:A total of 172 townships in 12 counties (cities, districts) were investigated for water iodine, and 1 630 water samples were collected and tested, the median water iodine was 2.8 μg/L and the range was 0.0 - 130.3 μg/L. At the township-level, the median range of water iodine was 0.4 - 11.2 μg/L. A total of 75 administrative villages were investigated in 4 townships with a median water iodine ≥ 10 μg/L, the median water iodine range was 0.5 - 19.8 μg/L. At the counties (cities, districts) level, the medians of water iodine were all less than 10 μg/L. Among them, the medians of water iodine in inland areas and coastal areas were 2.0 and 4.0 μg/L, respectively, and the difference between different areas was statistically significant ( Z = - 15.70, P <0.01). The medians of water iodine for centralized water supply, mixed water supply and decentralized water supply were 4.1, 2.7, and 3.4 μg/L, respectively, and the difference between different water supply methods was statistically significant ( H = 19.38, P < 0.01). The medians of water iodine in surface water and well water were 2.4 and 3.1 μg/L, respectively, the difference between different water source types was statistically significant ( Z = - 6.23, P<0.01). Conclusions:Iodine deficiency of external environment is common in Fuzhou City, and there is no distribution of high iodine in water source. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders, establish a long-term working mechanism suitable for the level of economic and social development, and consolidate the achievements of prevention and control.