ABSTRACT
Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome [IBS] is a very common gastrointestinal dysfunction. Notwithstanding strong evidence of high prevalence of depression and anxiety in IBS there is very limited research on this topic in KSA
Materials and Methods: Cases of irritable bowel syndrome and controls with non-ulcerative dyspepsia were employed between March 2016 to May 2017 from the gastroenterology department in King Abdulaziz hospital, KSA. Presence of anxiety disorder and depression were evaluated by utilizing the Hamilton Anxiety rating scale and Hamilton Depression rating scale respectively. Occurrence rates of anxiety and depression were established and Odds Ratio [OR] was calculated to determine the association of depression and anxiety disorders with IBS
Results: In IBS cases, the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder was 37.2% and 31.5% respectively. In patients with irritable bowel syndrome the OR for depression was 6.1 [95% CI 1.7-23.6, P=0.008] and the OR for anxiety disorder was 7.3 [95% CI 1.5-36.2, P=0.011]
Conclusion: The occurrence of depression and anxiety disorder in IBS is very high. As a result, screening of IBS patients for anxiety and depression would facilitate better interventions and consequently better outcomes and medical treatment
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The Purpose of this study is to detect differences between the values of dynamic coracohumeral distance [CHD] measured using ultrasonography [USG] in different shoulder rotations and to investigate its correlation with subscapularis tear
Methods:We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients [n = 84] who were scheduled to have arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Patients with a history of previous shoulder surgery or shoulder fracture and patients with external rotation less than 30 were excluded from the study. Dynamic coracohumeral distance was measured utilizing ultrasonography in 3 different shoulder positions: external rotation, neutral and internal rotation. We assessed the intrarater reliability with 3 times repetition of measurement. Patients were divided into one of 3 groups according to arthroscopic findings: intact subscapularis, partial-thickness tear, and full-thickness tear of the subscapularis. The control group [n = 12] included patients without rotator cuff tears from the outpatient clinic. Subgroup analysis according to the presence of dynamic subcoracoid stenosis, defined as a coracohumeral distance less than 6 mm measured in internal rotation was performed to find the clinical effect of dynamic subcoracoid stenosis
Results: A partial-thickness tear of the subscapularis tendon was present in 30 patients [35.7%] and a full-thickness tear in 13 patients [15.5%] among 84 patients. The CHD was maximum in external rotation and the narrowest in internal rotation. There were no statistical differences in the CHDs between groups with different subscapularis tear status. According to the presence of dynamic subcoracoid stenosis, patients with dynamic subcoracoid stenosis had a significantly higher incidence of partial-thickness subscapularis tear than those without stenosis [P = 0.018]
Conclusions: The coracohumeral distance values were narrowest in shoulder internal rotation, which is thought to be the pathogenic position. We could not confirm the correlation between coracohumeral distance and subscapularis tear. However, patients who have dynamic subcoracoid stenosis had significantly higher incidence of subscapularis tear than others without dynamic stenosis