ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To test the antibodies against newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV, H9N2) in the unvaccinated backyard poultry in Bushehr province, Iran from 2012 to 2013.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1 530 blood samples from unvaccinated backyard chickens in Bushehr province, south of Iran, were tested for antibodies against NDV and AIV (H9N2) by hemagglutination inhibition test according to International Epizootic Office (OIE) recommendation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of these, 614 (40.13%) and 595 (39.00%) were positive for NDV and AIV (H9N2) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The findings of the present study indicated that NDV and AIV (H9N2) were endemic and widely distributed in backyard areas of Bushehr province which should be incorporated in the control strategies. Further studies are needed to identify the circulating virus genotypes, model their transmission risk, provide adapted control measures and design proper and applicable vaccination program.</p>