Mycological evaluation of imported frozen fish

A total number of 100 samples of four types of frozen fish [Barbone, Sardine, Baca and Mackerel] were collected from different Alexandria markets. The samples were subjected to mycological tests to evaluate the fungal load of these frozen fish. The result showed that the predominant genera of the isolated mould from the 4 types of fish were Asperigellus spp. and Penicillium spp. In addition to other mould isolates these were Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., Nigrosporium spp., Paecilomyces spp., Mucor spp. and Rhizopus spp. It showed also that the predominant genus of isolated yeast, from the 4 types of fish, was Candida spp. and the other isolated yeast were Torulopsis spp., Rhodotorulla spp. and Geotrichium spp. This study showed how these types of frozen fish were being contaminated from different sources by yeast and mould. Also, the hazardous and public health importance of such contaminants were fully discussed and suggested recommendations to improve its quality and safety were explained to be implemented

Physico-mechanical properties and prosthodontic applications of Co-Cr dental alloys: a review of the literature

Cobalt-Chromium (Co-Cr) alloys are classified as predominantly base-metal alloys and are widely known for their biomedical applications in the orthopedic and dental fields. In dentistry, Co-Cr alloys are commonly used for the fabrication of metallic frameworks of removable partial dentures and recently have been used as metallic substructures for the fabrication of porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations and implant frameworks. The increased worldwide interest in utilizing Co-Cr alloys for dental applications is related to their low cost and adequate physico-mechanical properties. Additionally, among base-metal alloys, Co-Cr alloys are used more frequently in many countries to replace Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr) alloys. This is mainly due to the increased concern regarding the toxic effects of Ni on the human body when alloys containing Ni are exposed to the oral cavity. This review article describes dental applications, metallurgical characterization, and physico-mechanical properties of Co-Cr alloys and also addresses their clinical and laboratory behavior in relation to those properties.

indirect technique for assuring simplicity and marginal integrity of provisional restorations during full mouth rehabilitation

Full mouth rehabilitation with fixed prosthodontics can be a time- and labor-intensive process. The use of provisional restorations allows the treating clinician to determine the functional and esthetic requirements of the definitive prostheses. However, in the case of full mouth rehabilitation, the individual preparation of provisional restorations for multiple teeth may complicate the provisional phase and increase the treatment time. This article describes a method to simplify the indirect fabrication of provisional restorations for full mouth reconstruction. Provisional restorations may be easily achieved by splinting the provisional restorations in sextants, trimming them according to red pencil marks around the prepared margins as guidelines, and fitting them in the laboratory, utilizing a second set of solid casts for the prepared teet

Assessment of geometrical characteristics of dental endodontic micro-instruments utilizing X-ray micro computed tomography

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to quantify the surface area, volume and specific surface area of endodontic files employing quantitative X-ray micro computed tomography (mXCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three sets (six files each) of the Flex-Master Ni-Ti system (Nº 20, 25 and 30, taper .04) were utilized in this study. The files were scanned by mXCT. The surface area and volume of all files were determined from the cutting tip up to 16 mm. The data from the surface area, volume and specific area were statistically evaluated using the one-way ANOVA and SNK multiple comparison tests at α=0.05, employing the file size as a discriminating variable. The correlation between the surface area and volume with nominal ISO sizes were tested employing linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The surface area and volume of Nº 30 files showed the highest value followed by Nº 25 and Nº 20 and the differences were statistically significant. The Nº 20 files showed a significantly higher specific surface area compared to Nº 25 and Nº 30. The increase in surface and volume towards higher file sizes follows a linear relationship with the nominal ISO sizes (r²=0.930 for surface area and r²=0.974 for volume respectively). Results indicated that the surface area and volume demonstrated an almost linear increase while the specific surface area exhibited an abrupt decrease towards higher sizes. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that mXCT can be effectively applied to discriminate very small differences in the geometrical features of endodontic micro-instruments, while providing quantitative information for their geometrical properties.

Frenectomy for improvement of a problematic conventional maxillary complete denture in an elderly patient: a case report

Maxillary labial and buccal frena are considered as normal anatomic structures in the oral cavity. However, they may exist intraorally as a thick broad fibrous attachment and/or become located near the crest of the residual ridge, thus interfering with proper denture border extension resulting in inferior denture stability, retention and overall patient satisfaction. This case report highlights the importance of clinical examination and treatment planning which may mandate preprosthetic surgery prior to fabrication of a new conventional complete denture. Adequate patient satisfaction with conventional complete dentures can be significantly increased after frenectomy.

Hygienic significance of microbial counts in some meat products

The aim of this work was to evaluate the microbial quality of most popular meat products sold in local markets at Alexandria province and to investigate their hygienic significance. Total counts of aerobic bacteria [ABC], Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms, Staphylococci, Enterococci and mould and yeast were determined in 120 samples of burger, sausage, basterma, frankfurter, luncheon and hotdog [20 of each]. Results showed that there were high contamination levels of all determined microbial counts in examined meat products. Burger, sausage and basterma samples [raw meat products] have highest microbial counts with no significant difference in between and all of them exceeded the Maximum Permissible Limit [MPL] of Egyptian standard and ICMSF limit which may constitute a public health hazard. Frankfurter, luncheon and hotdog samples [cooked meat products] were contaminated with different microbial populations with lower levels than raw products but they are not mostly wholesome as many of them exceeded the MPL for most microbial parameters. We could conclude that these products may be produced under unsanitary hygienic conditions along the processing stages of raw meat products. Also, this is may be an indication of post processing contamination during handling, transportation, storage and retailing in examined cooked meat products. The control measures and hygienic requirements needed to produce safe and high quality meat products were discussed and clarified to be employed

Induction of labor with Prostaglandin E2 in women with previous cesarean section and unfavorable cervix

Background: Induction of labor is common in obstetric practice. According to the most current studies, the rate varies from 9.5 to 33.7 percent of all pregnancies annually. In the absence of a ripe or favorable cervix, a successful vaginal birth is less likely. Therefore, cervical ripening or preparedness for induction should be assessed before a regimen is selected. To objective is to study the pregnancy outcome of induction of labor with prostaglandin E2 [PGE2] in women with one previous lower segment cesarean section

Methods: A prospective study was conducted at Maternity and Children Hospital, Buraidah [Qassim], Saudi Arabia. The sample included 153 consecutive women with one previous cesarean section, of whom 75 underwent induction of labor [study group] and 78 were admitted with spontaneous onset of labor [control group]. Vaginal tablets of PGE2 were used for cervical ripening in the study group. Mode of delivery, neonatal outcome, indications for cesarean section, and rate of uterine rupture were compared between the groups

Results: There were no significant differences between the study and control groups in mean [_S.D.] maternal age [30:9 _ 4:7 years versus 31:2 _ 4:8 years, P 1/4 0:6], gestational age at delivery [39:2 _ 1:8 weeks versus 39:3 _ 1:6 weeks, P 1/4 0:36], overall rate of cesarean section [24% versus 20.5%, P 1/4 0:8], rates of low 5-min Apgar score [3.1% versus 3.7%, P 1/4 0:67] or cesarean section performed for non-reassuring fetal heart rate [9.3% versus 7.69%, P 1/4 0:1]. There were no cases of uterine rupture, in both groups

Conclusion: The findings suggest that induction of labor in women with one previous cesarean section does not increase the risk of cesarean section rate and does not adversely affect immediate neonatal outcome. We cautiously suggest that when there is no absolute indication for repeated cesarean section, induction of labor may be considered

Bruxism prevalence in a selective Lebanese population

Statement of the problem: In recent years, many Lebanese dentists reported an increase in night-time parafunctional activity of their patients. Purpose of the study: To investigate night bruxism awareness in a selective Lebanese population. Materials and 868 visitors of a shopping mall in the city of Beirut [Lebanon] were interviewed about their habit of clenching and grinding their teeth at night, and about their age and gender. Gender distribution was as follows: 530 females and 338 males, mean age was 34.9 [ +/- 11.6 SD] and 37.8 [ +/- 14.6 SD] respectively. Overall prevalence of bruxism was 35.8% for males and 32.6% for females with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Bruxism was found to increase with age for both genders. Bruxism awareness per age and gender was as follows: <26 years [F: 24.1%; M: 19.4%], 26-35 years [F: 26.1%; M: 27.2%],36-45 years [F: 41.1%; M: 41.6%], 46-55 years [F: 41.5%; M: 50%] and> 55 years [F: 63.6%; M: 53.5%]. Night bruxism prevalence in this Lebanese group seems to be higher than in reported western studies and a deeper socio-economical investigation is needed. Future larger scale studies might be needed to confirm if bruxism awareness increases with age

[ study of ECG disturbances in patients with cerebrovascular accidents]

On studying /100/ patients with recent strokes, ECG changes have been detected in /70/ patients; Repolarization changes in /59/ and Arrhythmias in /53/ patients. The changes mentioned are summarized in this Table. ECG Changes ST depression and T inversion Incidence28% ECG Changes QT prolongation Incidence20% ECG Changes Neurogenic T wave Incidence 13% ECG Changes Large and upright T wave Incidence8% ECG Changes Prominent U wave Incidence4% ECG Changes Pathologic Q wave Incidence 4% ECG Changes Sinus Tachy cardia Incidence 26% ECG Changes Sinus brady cardia Incidence 19% ECG Changes Sinus arrhythmia Incidence 6% ECG Changes FAGS Incidence 5% ECG Changes SVT Incidence 2% ECG Changes Atrial fibrillation Incidence 4% ECG Changes PVCS Incidence 16% ECG Changes VT Incidence 1%. The incidence of repolarization changes is higher in. males and elderly patients, whereas the incidence of arrhythmia has no relation to sex or age.High incidence of repolarization abnormalities is recorded in cases of subarachnoid Haemorrhage, while high incidence of arrhythmias is recorded in patients with Intra cerebral Haemorrhage. Lowest incidence of both is recorded in cases of cerebral Infarction An important relation to the localization of cerebral lesion is noticed, atrial arrhythmias is detected in patients with brain stem and cerebral lesions, sinus bradycardia, sinus Arrhythmia, and most of repolarization abnormalities are detected in frontal lobe lesions, An important elevation of serum enzymes [CPK, SCOT, and LDH] is recorded in /15/ patients, the incidence was higher In cases of Haemorrhage than in those of Infarction. EGG was positive in /12/ patients, myocardial Infarction was diagnosed in only /8/ patients. Most of these cases were those of Intracerebral Haemorrhage. No case of Infarction was diagnosed in cases of subarachnoid Haemorrhage, in spite of the high incidence of enzyme elevation and repolarization abnormalities