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Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of Chaihu Shugansan combined with saccharomyces boulardii in treating functional dyspepsia (FD) in children and the effect on serum cytokines and gastrointestinal hormones expression. Method:Totally 120 cases were divided into control group (60 cases) and observation group (60 cases)．The control group was treated with Duopanlitong Pian 0.3 mg·kg-1, po， tid， and Saccharomyces boulardii 0.25 g，po，bid. The observation group was treated with Chaihu Shugansan, po，qd， and saccharomyces boulardii 0.25 g，po，bid. Four weeks was a course of treatment．The changes of serum Gastric Hunger Hormone and cytokines, Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) score, symptoms improvement time and clinical effect in the two groups were observed. And the recurrence rate was observed after 6 months follow-up. Result:The total effective rate was compared between control group (76.67%，46/60) and observation group (96.15%，57/60)，with significant differences (P<0.01). After treatment, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both groups were decreased, while serum levels of ghrelin of both group were increased. However，the decreasing range and the increasing range of observation group were statistically obvious than those of control group (P<0.01). HAMD score and disappearance time of clinical symptoms in observation group was significantly different from those in control group (P<0.01). In adverse reactions during treatment, the control group was inferior to the observation group (P<0.05). After the 6-month follow-up, the recurrence rate in observation group was lower than that in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion:Chaihu Shugansan combined with Saccharomyces boulardii was effective in treatment of FD in children, with a low recurrence rate and good compliance. The mechanism may be related to the effective regulation of brain-intestinal axis, balance of intestinal flora, inhibition of inflammatory reaction, regulation of cytokines and gastrointestinal hormone levels.
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Research on the molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythm in Western medicine is comparable to the study of a day-night rhythm in Chinese medicine (CM), as also focus on the same life phenomenon. By comparing the two, this paper elaborates on the differences between them in their respective issues of consciousness, ways of thinking, research methods and research results. Relatively speaking, Nobel Prize research has a stronger sense of the problems and concerns about the essence of "what", while CM focuses on "how a thing functions". The former mainly adopts experimental and mathematical methods, while the latter primarily depends on observation and understanding. The natural philosophy and natural science eventually lead to the results and the inevitable, quantitative and qualitative differences. Research on the life rhythm in CM should be proposed, scientific problems should be fully grasped, and research should be carried out with the aid of multidisciplinary new knowledge and new achievements through cross-disciplinary studies. On the basis of clinical epidemiological research and experimental research, a systematic review should be made of the human physiology of CM and the pathological rhythm model to explore the regulatory mechanism of time rhythm and create a new theory of time medicine.
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Objective To assess the efficacy and safety ofintravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) compared with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of Chinese patients with predominantly classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesions secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).Methods A randomized,double-blind,multi-center phase-3 clinical trial lasting for 52weeks (from December 2011 to August 2014).Subjects were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to either IAI group or PDT-to-IAI group.Subjects in the IAI group received 2 mg IAI at baseline and at week 4,8,16,24,32,40,48,with sham injection at week 28,36.Subjects in the PDT-to-IAI group were forced to receive PDT once at baseline and more time at week 12,24 if PDT retreatment conditions were met.Sham injections were given in PDT-to-IAI group at baseline and at week 4,8,16 and 24,followed by 2 mg IAI at week 28,32,36,40,48.The primary outcome of efficacy were the change in mean Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) from baseline to week 28,and that of week 52.Safety evaluation included the percentage of subjects who suffered treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs).Results Among the 304 subjects enrolled,there were 228 and 76 cases in IAI group and PDT-to-IAI group respectively.At week 28,the changes of mean BCVA in IAI group,PDT-to-IAI group compared to baseline were +14.0,+3.9 letters,respectively.At week 52,the changes of mean BCVA in two groups were + 15.2,+8.9 letters respectively with the difference of +6.2 letters (95％CI 2.6-9.9,P=0.000 9).At week 52,the mean foveal retinal thickness in the two groups decreased by-189.6,-170.0 μm,respectively.Subjects with the most BCVA increase in IAI group were those aged ＜65,and those with active CNV lesion area ＜50％ of total lesion area.The most common TEAEs in IAI group and PDT-to-IAI group are macular fibrosis [11.8％ (27/228),6.6％ (5/76)] and BCVA decline [6.6％ (15/228),21.1％ (16/76)].There were 3 cases of arterial thromboembolic events defined in the antiplatelet experimental collaboration group,but all were considered unrelated to interventions.Conclusions The efficacy of aflibercept is superior to that of PDT in nAMD patients in China.The therapeutic effect of aflibercept persisted to week 52 in all subjects.The rate of adverse events was consistent with the safety data of aflibercept known before.
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Objective: To discuss the clinical efficacy of modified Sinisan (Qizhi Weitong granule) and saccharomyces boulardi in treating functional dyspepsia (FD) in children, and its effect on changes in serum cytokine and gastrointestinal hormones.Method: Totally 156 cases were divided into control group (78 cases) and observation group (78 cases). The control group was treated with saccharomyces boulardi, 0.25 g, po, bid, after meal. In addition to the therapy of control group, the observation group was also given modified Sinisan (Qizhi Weitong granule), 2.5 g, po, tid, 30 minutes before meal. Four weeks was a course of treatment. Then the clinical efficacy, the time of symptom improvement and the change of serum cytokine and gastrointestinal hormones were observed.Result: The total effective rate of observation group (96.15%) was higher than that of control group (82.05%), with statistical difference (Pγ(IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), plasma motilin(MTL) and Leptin of both groups had no statistical difference before treatment. After treatment, the serum levels of IL-10, MTL of both group were increased, while the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, Leptin of both group were decreased. However, the decreasing range and the increasing range of observation group were statistically obvious than those of control group (PConclusion: Modified Sinisan(Qizhi Weitong granule) combined with saccharomyces boulardi have an obvious clinical efficacy in treating child's FD, with a low recurrence. The mechanism may be correlated with the effect of integrated Chinese and Western medicines in regulating serum cytokine and gastrointestinal hormones levels.
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Antiretroviral therapy has been used for treating AIDS with 31 single-target anti-HIV drugs currently on market. Searching for safe and effective of novel anti-HIV drugs remains a challenge worldwide. Multi-targets single-structure compounds referred to as designed multiple ligands (DMLs) have become a hot topic of producing anti-HIV drugs recently due to reduction in the likelihood of drug resistance, simplified dosing and improved patient adherence. Integrase (IN) and ribonuclease H (RNase H) are two indispensable enzymes in HIV republication, therefore are two important targets for developing anti-HIV drugs. Recently, diverse dual inhibitors of HIV IN and RNase H (IN/RNase H) have been developed via rational drug design and screening. This review summarizes the advances in chemically synthesized dual inhibitors of HIV IN/RNase H to provide the information for developing multi-targets anti-HIV drugs.
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Objective:To investigate The relationship between the disease progression of primary gastric cancer and preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio、platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 188 cases treated in our hospital from April 2015 to February 2015 with primary gastric cancer.according to the peripheral venous blood NLR、PLR,analyze the relationship of NLR、PLR with different tumor infiltration depth、lymph node staging and TNM staging with statistical methods.Results:There is statistically significance of NLR、PLR between different groups (P＜0.01);tumor infiltration depth,lymph node staging and TNM stage of high NLR、PLR group in patients with gastric cancer were higher than low NLR、PLR group,the difference is statistically significant (P＜0.01);NLR is significantly positive correlated to PLR (r=0.379,P＜0.001);Multiple linear regression analysis shows the above factors had significant effects on preoperative NLR,PLR (P＜0.05).Conclusions:Preoperative peripheral blood NLR and PLR levels may be value in predicting the progression of gastric cancer,High preoperative NLR indicates later disease progression and worse prognosis.
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Objective To discuss the pain degree of the three different incisions (subxiphoid, navel, right abdomen) and the relationship between incisions local infiltration and nausea-vomiting after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC). Methods 100 patients (ASA I) scheduled for elective surgery were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 20): Subxiphoid Group (Group A), Navel Group (Group B), Right Abdomen Group (Group C), All Incisions Group (Group D) and Control Group (Group E). Before the incisions were sutured, patients in Group A, Group B and Group C received incisions local infiltration of Ropivacaine (0.5％, 3 ml) in subxiphoid, navel and right abdomen. Patients in Group D received incisions local infiltration of Ropivacaine (0.5％, 3 ml) in all the three incisions. Patients in Group E received saline with the same volume (3 ml) in all the three incisions. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores were recorded when the patients left the operating room, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours after the operation. The circumstances of nausea-vomiting were also recorded. Results Demographic parameters were similar among groups. The VAS pain scores declined with time gone by. The VAS pain scores:Group A< Group D < Group C < Group B < Group E (F = 7.16, P = 0.000). Comparison between groups: The VAS pain scores in Group A and Group D were significantly less than these in Group C and Group B. The VAS pain scores in Group C and Group B were significantly less than these in Group E. There is a difference among all the groups about the percentages of nausea-vomiting. The percentages of Group B were significantly less than these in the other 4 Groups (χ2 = 10.39, P = 0.034). Conclusions The pain of the subxiphoid incision was the most severe pain in the patients receiving LC. Compared with the other two incisions local infiltration, subxiphoid incision local infiltration proved to be the most effective treatment in reducing the VAS pain scores in patient receiving LC. Navel incision local infiltration proved to be the most effective treatment in reducing the percentages of nausea-vomiting after LC.
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BACKGROUND: The persistence of bone atrophy and maxillary sinus gasification can cause a deficiency in the height of maxillary posterior teeth. It is very difficult to place dental implants at this site. Increasing bone mass in the maxilla is beneficial for dental implantation, and it is a currently accepted method to lift the maxillary sinus to compensate for bone loss. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application effect of bone graft material, human working bone material and tissue engineering scaffold material in maxillary sinus elevation. METHODS: "Maxillary sinus elevation, dental implant, autologous bone, allograft, artificial bone, scaffold" were used as the key words in Chinese and English to retrieve relevant articles concerning materials used in maxillary sinus elevation included in PubMed and WanFang. Then, we analyzed the effects of different bone grafting materials on new bone formation, implant stability and bone-implant binding rate after maxillary sinus elevation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Autologous bone is the gold standard of bone graft material in maxillary sinus elevation, which can ensure the bone mass and the long-term stability of implantation around the implant, but it is easy to cause secondary damage to the donor area and to produce infection. Allogeneic bone can be used as an alternative material of autogenous bone,such as deproteinized bovine bone minerals,inorganic bovine bone,etc.,which can generate new bone and ensure dental implantation to achieve sufficient stability. Artificial bone materials such as hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate,biphasic calcium phosphate compound,etc.have good bone conduction and can achieve a high bone-implant contact rate. Tissue-engineered bone grafts that can combine stem cells and cytokines with bio-scaffolds for maxillary sinus elevation can promote new bone formation, increase bone mass, and ensure dental implantation to achieve good stability.
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The aim of this study was to produce a monoclonal antibody against Mycoplasma hyorhinis,which would be useful in the diagnosis and pathogenesis researches of M.hyorhinis.BALB/c mice were immunized with whole cell protein of M.hyorhinis,and then the monoclonal antibody (McAb) was prepared by hybridoma technique.The isotype of the McAb was identified,and then the titer and specificity were analyzed.The prepared McAb was used to detect M.hyorhinis in the colony immunoboltting assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay.A hybridoma cell line was obtained,and was named Mhr-08.The McAb belonged to IgG1 isotype,and the light chain was κ type.The titer was detected to be 1 ∶ 102 400 by ELISA.The result of Western-blot indicated that this McAb strongly reacted to a 43 kDa protein of M.hyorhinis,without cross-reaction with other swine mycoplasmas,Escherichia coli or KM2 medium.It revealed that the McAb recognized a surface membrane protein and was successfully applied to detect M.hyorhinis in colony immunoboltting assay.The mycoplasmas bound to the tracheal epithelial cells was successfully detected by using this McAb in indirect immunofluorescence assay.In conclusion,a McAb against M.hyorhinis was successfully prepared,which provides as a useful tool for the diagnosis and pathogenesis researches.
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Objective:To investigate The relationship between the disease progression of primary gastric cancer and preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio、platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 188 cases treated in our hospital from April 2015 to February 2015 with primary gastric cancer.according to the peripheral venous blood NLR、PLR,analyze the relationship of NLR、PLR with different tumor infiltration depth、lymph node staging and TNM staging with statistical methods.Results:There is statistically significance of NLR、PLR between different groups (P＜0.01);tumor infiltration depth,lymph node staging and TNM stage of high NLR、PLR group in patients with gastric cancer were higher than low NLR、PLR group,the difference is statistically significant (P＜0.01);NLR is significantly positive correlated to PLR (r=0.379,P＜0.001);Multiple linear regression analysis shows the above factors had significant effects on preoperative NLR,PLR (P＜0.05).Conclusions:Preoperative peripheral blood NLR and PLR levels may be value in predicting the progression of gastric cancer,High preoperative NLR indicates later disease progression and worse prognosis.
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Objective To compare biomechanical performance of four-part proximal humeral fractures fixed by novel locking plate or by AO-PHILOS plate. Methods The finite element fixation models of both the novel locking plate and AO-PHILOS plate for four-part proximal humeral fractures were established, respectively. The maximum Von Mises stress and displacement under 4 different functional positions of shoulder abduction in the two fixation models were compared by finite element analysis. Results The maximum displacement in shoulder abduction of 0°,30°,60°,90° were 6.644, 7.079, 5.850, 3.005 mm, respectively, in novel locking plate fixation model, and 6.293, 6.826, 5.774, 3.023 mm, respectively, in AO-PHILOS plate fixation model. Since the maximum displacements in both fracture fixation models were similar, it indicated that there was no significant difference in the stability for fixing proximal humeral fracture. The maximum Von Mises stress in shoulder abduction of 0°,30°,60°,90°were 1 033.0, 904.1, 888.1, 1 062.0 MPa in novel locking plate fixation model, while in AO-PHILOS plate fixation model, it showed 743.1, 692.4,486.4,393.5 MPa, respectively. During the process of shoulder abduction, the total stress in both fracture fixation models gradually decreased, but the new locking plate decreased in a larger range, showing an obvious stress dispersion. Conclusions Both the novel locking plate and AO-PHILOS plate can be used as internal fixation treatment for complex four-part proximal humeral fractures with no significant difference in stress distribution, and both showing a stable fixation effect. For fixing proximal humeral fractures with osteoporosis combined with the great and less tuberosity, the novel locking plate has an advantage over AO-PHILOS plate due to its unique anatomical wings and better fixing effect.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To validate two previously published models (REACH-B score and CU-HCC score) for predicting the risk of developing hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In-patients of the Liver Center of First Affiliated Hospital Fujian Medical University who tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg;more than 6 months) and were admitted for treatment between October 1,2004 and May 1,2014 were enrolled for study. The 627 study participants were grouped according to presence of HCC (151 in the HCC case group, and 476 in the non-HCC control group). Relevant clinical data from 3 and 5 years prior to the current hospital admission were collected retrospectively and assessed using the REACH-B and CU-HCC scoring systems. A subset of the study participants (65 HCC cases, and 94 non-HCC controls) was used for the verification analysis of prediction for 5-year risk of HBV-related HCC.T-test, rank sum test, chisquare test and the receiver operating characteristic curve were used for statistical analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the REACH-B score,prediction of 3-year risk of developing HCC had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78,a sensitivity of 73.00% and a specificity of 78.70%.In male patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) more than or equal to 45 U/L, the REACH-B score prediction of 3-year risk of developing HCC had an AUC of 0.89, a sensitivity of 87.09% and a specificity of 83.86%. The REACH-B score prediction of 5-year risk of HCC had an AUC of 0.79,a sensitivity of 73.60% and a specificity of 75.53%; the CU-HCC score prediction of 5-year risk of HCC had an AUC of 0.76, a sensitivity of 78.40% and a specificity of 77.40%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both the REACH-B and CUHCC scoring systems can be used for HCC prediction among patients at the First Affiliated Hospital Fujian Medical University. For male patients with ALT more than or equal to 45 U/L,the REACH-B score may be a more sensitive predictor for 3-year risk of developing HBV-related HCC.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Alanine Transaminase , Area Under Curve , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Liver Neoplasms , ROC Curve , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
In order to understand the research status of HUANG Fu-mi's A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 83 pieces of literature that have been publically published since 1978 were analyzed. A summary was performed according to 7 aspects including version origin, emendation, arrangement and summary, theory discussion, clinical research, value evaluation, the rest questions, etc. It is believed that deep research work has been done on explanations, emendation and translation regarding A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. However, the exploration work on the theory and application is far from enough. Therefore, beginning from historical and cultural background, we should analyze the humanistic spirit of HUANG Fu-mi combined with A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion to perform a deep exploration, so we could have a thorough and comprehensive research on HUANG Fu-mi's academic thoughts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture , Education , Acupuncture Therapy , History , Methods , Books , History , China , History, Ancient , Medicine in Literature , Moxibustion , History , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of acute immobilization stress on the mRNA expression of tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in rats' hippocampus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, and the medication group, 6 in each group. The acute immobilization stress model was prepared in the model group using acute immobilization for 2 h. Ginsenoside Rb1 (40 mg/kg) was peritoneally injected to rats in the medication group 30 min before modeling, with the same procedure as those for rats in the model group. No treatment was performed to rats in the normal control group. The plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) contents were detected using ELISA. The mRNA expression of TrkB in the rats' hippocampus was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before modeling there was no statistical difference of plasma CORT or ACTH concentrations among three groups (P >0.05). The plasma CORT and ACTH concentrations increased in the model group and the medication group more significantly after modeling than before modeling, showing statistical difference (P <0.05). Besides, they were obviously higher in the model group than in the normal control group (P <0.05). They were obviously higher in the medication group than in the model control group (P <0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the mRNA expression of TrkB significantly decreased in the model group (87.73 +/- 7.62 vs 50.65 +/- 5.19, P < 0.05), showing statistical difference. The mRNA expression of TrkB was significantly higher in the medication group (78.91 +/- 18.07) than in the model group, showing statistical difference (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pretreatment by ginsenoside Rb1 could increase the plasma CORT and ACTH concentrations, maintain the mRNA expression of TrkB, thus relieving injury induced by acute immobilization stress.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone , Blood , Corticosterone , Blood , Ginsenosides , Pharmacology , Hippocampus , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor, trkB , Genetics , Metabolism , Stress, Psychological , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the changes in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific and non-specific cellular immunity that accompany viral load decline during adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B, and to explore the antiviral immunity mechanism underlying the treatment response.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serial analysis of cellular immunological parameters was performed in HBeAg-positive patients (n = 20) throughout the 48-week course of ADV therapy (10 mg/d). HBV-specific T cell reactivity to HBV core antigen (HBcAg) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay and cell proliferation assay at pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48. Percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs), as well as activated peripheral natural killer (NK) cells (expressing the NKG2D receptor), was measured by flow cytometry. Comparisons of means were performed by the two-tailed t-test or the Mann-Whitney rank sum test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 48 weeks of ADV therapy, HBeAg loss was observed in six of the 20 (30%) patients and 14 patients remained HBeAg-positive. In the patients with HBeAg loss, the viral load reduction was accompanied by a significantly enhanced response rate of HBV-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells [measured as (spot forming cells/peripheral blood mononuclear cells); baseline: (661.25+/-281.97) *10(-6) vs. week 48: (280.75+/-104.33) *10(-6), P = 0.045]. In contrast, patients without HBeAg loss showed no significant differences in T cell response rates. The patient groups with and without HBeAg loss showed similar proportions of peripheral blood Tregs during the treatment course, which included a trend of gradual decrease from baseline to week 4 with steady levels thereafter. In addition, both groups showed a similar increase in NKG2D expression that began at week 12 and peaked at week 48.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HBV-specific T cell reactivity temporally increases in some ADV-treated chronic hepatitis B patients, and this trend is strongly associated with HBeAg loss. Furthermore, recovery of HBV-specific T cell reactivity promotes viral clearance and HBeAg seroconversion.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Antiviral Agents , Therapeutic Uses , DNA, Viral , Blood , Hepatitis B e Antigens , Blood , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Blood , Drug Therapy , Allergy and Immunology , Killer Cells, Natural , Allergy and Immunology , NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K , Metabolism , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Allergy and Immunology , Viral LoadABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether the level of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) represents the status of inflammation and stages of fibrosis in livers of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during the immune clearance phase (IC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Liver biopsy samples and sera were collected from 165 consecutive patients (136 males; 29 females) with CHB in IC who were treated in our hospital between March 2009 and June 2011. Routine biochemical tests were carried out to measure indicators of liver function. The relation between HBsAg level and liver pathological stages were determined by Spearman's rank correlation analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of HBsAg level for liver pathological stages. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze potentially relevant indicators, and liver pathology-predicting models were built and analyzed by the ROC method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean values of HBsAg (IU/mL) were significantly different at the different liver inflammation stages: G1, 27 716.07+/-32 870.69; G2, 34 478.75+/-40 899.55; G3, 19 408.09+/-24 881.07; G4, 14 286.31+/-28 610.14. Likewise, the mean values of HBsAg (IU/mL) were significantly different at the different liver fibrosis stages: S1, 41 337.23+/-43 236.39; S2, 27 264.32+/-32 517.29; S3, 111 541.77+/-11 538.93; S4, 11 447.37+/-22215.44. Spearman's rank correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between HBsAg level and liver inflammation stage (rs = -0.244) and fibrosis stage (rs = -0.365). ROC curve analysis of the diagnostic value of HBsAg for inflammation stages S more than or equal to 4 revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.70. The specificity of diagnosing S more than or equal to 4 was > 95.16% when HBsAg was less than or equal to 32995 IU/mL. Binary logistic regression analysis identified age, serum albumin, cholinesterase, and HBsAg as independent predictors of liver fibrosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HBsAg level is negatively correlated with liver inflammation and fibrosis stages for patients with CHB in the IC phase, and might represent a useful noninvasive marker of the degree of hepatic fibrosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Blood , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Blood , Allergy and Immunology , Pathology , Inflammation , Liver , Allergy and Immunology , Pathology , Liver Cirrhosis , Allergy and Immunology , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The neurogenic bladder dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury is difficult to treat clinically. The aim of this research was to establish an artificial bladder reflex arc in rats through abdominal reflex pathway above the level of spinal cord injury, reinnervate the neurogenic bladder and restore bladder micturition.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The outcome was achieved by intradural microanastomosis of the right T13 ventral root to S2 ventral root with autogenous nerve grafting, leaving the right T13 dorsal root intact. Long-term function of the reflex arc was assessed from nerve electrophysiological data and intravesical pressure tests during 8 months postoperation. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing was performed to observe the effectiveness of the artificial reflex.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Single stimulus (3 mA, 0.3 ms pulses, 20 Hz, 5-second duration) on the right T13 dorsal root resulted in evoked action potentials, raised intravesical pressures and bladder smooth muscle, compound action potential recorded from the right vesical plexus before and after the spinal cord transaction injury between L5 and S4 segmental in 12 Sprague-Dawley rats. There were HRP labelled cells in T13 ventral horn on the experimental side and in the intermediolateral nucleus on both sides of the L6-S4 segments after HRP injection. There was no HRP labelled cell in T13 ventral horn on the control side.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using the surviving somatic reflex above the level of spinal cord injury to reconstruct the bladder autonomous reflex arc by intradural microanastomosis of ventral root with a segment of autologous nerve grafting is practical in rats and may have clinical applications for humans.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anastomosis, Surgical , Atropine , Pharmacology , Models, Theoretical , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reflex, Abdominal , Physiology , Trimethaphan , Pharmacology , Urinary Bladder, NeurogenicABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Lamivudine is the first L-nucleoside analogue approved for the treatment of the patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) for over 10 years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virologic responses at weeks 12 and 24 for the prediction of therapeutic effect and virologic breakthrough after 2 years of lamivudine treatment in the patients with CHB.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was conducted with 255 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive and 122 HBeAg-negative CHB patients treated with lamivudine (100 mg, daily) and duration of treatment was 6 to 72 months. The levels of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA at weeks 12 and 24 were evaluated for the predictive value of therapeutic effect and drug resistance after 2 years of lamivudine treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HBeAg seroconversion was closely correlated with levels of serum HBV DNA at week 12 (P = 0.000, OR = 0.394) and 24 (P = 0.019, OR = 0.442), while virologic breakthrough was more correlated with baseline levels of serum HBV DNA (P = 0.019, OR = 1.484) and at week 12 (P = 0.049, OR = 1.398) and 24 (P = 0.012, OR = 2.025). At year 2, the virologic response at week 24 was more sensitive compared with week 12 when it was used to predict the efficacy and virologic breakthrough, but was less specific compared with those at week 12. There were no significant differences in terms of predicting positive and negative values of HBV DNA between week 12 and 24 for efficacy and drug resistance at year 2 in both HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Level of serum HBV DNA at 24-week is a proper predictor for the therapeutic effect and virologic breakthrough at year 2 of lamivudine treatment.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antiviral Agents , Therapeutic Uses , DNA, Viral , Blood , Hepatitis B virus , Genetics , Lamivudine , Therapeutic Uses , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate distribution, drug resistance and risk factors of pathogens isolated from septicemic patients in a hospital in the past 6 years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Most of the bacterial isolates were identified with BD Phoenix, and a few isolates were identified manually and with K-B method. Candida isolates were identified with color display plates and K-B method. WHONET5.4 software was used for analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The common bacteria isolated form the blood included E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureu. The gram-negative bacillus from the blood exhibited relatively low resistance to such antibiotics as cefoperazone/sulbactam, imipenem, amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ceftazidime, and the incidences of E.coli and K. pneumoniae isolates producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) ranged between 33.3% and 34.9% and between 32.9% and 36.0%, respectively. The gram-positive coccus from blood showed a sensitivity rate of 100.0% to vancomycin and low resistant rates to amikacin and chloramphenicol; the methicillin-resistant rates of S. aureu and coagulase-negative staphylococcus were 26.9%-35.5% and 72.7%-74.3%, respectively. The risk factors of septicemia included hospital stay for over 5 days, venous catheterization, surgeries, puncture, oxygen therapy, urine tract catheterization, and chemotherapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Blood culture can be of importance in patients with septicemia, and the use of antibiotics should be carefully weighed according to the results of bacterial culture and sensitivity tests of the pathogens isolated from the blood.</p>