ABSTRACT
Objective • To observe the effect of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) on the colonic motility in diabetic mice and investigate the mechanism. Methods • The mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The smooth muscle strips and segments of colons were isolated. The effects of PAR2 agonist on colonic motility were observed by muscle strip tension contraction and colonic migrating motor complex experiments. The effect of small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK3 channel) antagonist on it was also observed. Results • PAR2 agonist inhibited colonic motility and colonic smooth muscle was more sensitive to PAR2 agonist in diabetic mice. PAR2 agonist-induced inhibition was inhibited by SK3 channel antagonist. Conclusion • PAR2 activity in diabetic mice colons is significantly enhanced, which may inhibit colonic motility through SK3 channel.
ABSTRACT
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered way in which cells die, which is essentially different from classical apoptosis and necrosis. Ferroptosis is caused by abnormal increase in iron levels in cells, resulting in an imbalance of redox, lipid peroxidation in the cell membrane, and eventually cell membrane rupture, leading to cell death. Iron metabolism and active oxygen metabolism are considered to be the central links of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis involves many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, ischemia/reperfusion injury and T cell immunity. More and more studies have shown that iron overload and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species occur to different degrees during the occurrence and development of various liver diseases. Ferroptosis can affect the progress of liver diseases by regulating intracellular iron levels and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, regulating ferroptosis may be a new strategy for treating liver diseases. This article reviews recent advances in ferroptosis and its role in liver diseases, providing a theoretical basis for exploring treatments for liver diseases.