Clinicopathological Features of Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Bladder / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical features,diagnosis,and relationship with sporadic prostate cancer in primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 12 patients with primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder diagnosed at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2013 to September 2022.The histological features of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder were re-evaluated by two pathologists according to the 2022 revision of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs.Electronic medical records were retrieved,and telephone follow-up was conducted from the time of histopathological diagnosis to the death or the end of the last follow-up until January 31,2023. Results The 12 patients include 7 patients in pT3 stage and 1 patient in pT4 stage.Eight patients were complicated with other types of tumors,such as high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and squamous cell carcinoma.Five patients had sporadic prostate cancer.Immunohistochemical staining showed that 12 (100.0%),10 (83.3%),and 8 (66.7%) patients were tested positive for CD56,Syn,and CgA,respectively.The Ki67 proliferation index ranged from 80% to 90%.Five patients with urothelial carcinoma were tested positive for CK20,GATA3,and CK7.P504S was positive in all the 5 patients with prostate cancer,while P63 and 34βE12 were negative.The follow-up of the 12 patients lasted for 3-60 months.Eight of these patients died during follow-up,with the median survival of 15.5 months.Four patients survived. Conclusions Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder is a rare urological tumor with high aggressiveness and poor prognosis.In male patients with bladder prostatectomy,all prostate tissue should be sampled.If prostate cancer is detected,the prostate-specific antigen level should be monitored.

Construction of chimeric E3s expression plasmids targeting oncoprotein ras / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct certain chimeric E3s expression plasmids targetting oncoprotein Ras by harnessing the theory of protein knockdown.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We chose the binding domain of Raf-1, PI3K, RalGDS, and the function domain of F-Box as well as the U-Box to construct the plasmids. Then used the double enzyme, PCR, and sequence to test the validity and integrity of the cloned nucleotide fragments. The expression efficiency of the plasmids in eukaryotic cells was detected by Western blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five of 6 plasmids in this study expressed the corresponding fusion proteins in HEK293T cells, and (RBD+CRD)(Raf-1)- U-Box-pcDNA3.1 can knocked down the protein level of Ras in PANC-1 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We successfully constructed the chimeric E3 expression plasmids, which provides a solid basis for further research on protein knockdown.</p>

Effect of EGb and quercetin on culture neonatal rat cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and mechanism / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the effect of extract of ginkgo biloba (EGb) and quercetin (Que) on the hypertrophic response induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in the primary culture of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total protein content of cardiomyocytes was measured by lowry's method. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured by SOD and MDA assay kits. The expression of phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-JNK and phospho-P38 were detected by Western blot. The expression of c-fos mRNA was checked by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The total protein content and cell size of cardiomyocytes increased significantly after Ang II treatment, EGb and Oue inhibited these effects of Ang II. (2) EGb and Que were able to enhance the SOD activity and reduce the production of MDA. (3) Ang II significantly activated ERK1/2, JNK and P38, only JNK activation was inhibited by Que and DPI but not ERK1/2 and P38 activation. (4) EGb, Que, Captopril and DPI all decreased Ang II-stimulated early response gent c-fos mnRNA expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EGb and Que could inhibit AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through a ROS-dependent pathway, the effect of Que might be related to the JNK and c-fos cascade.</p>

Extract of Ginkgo biloba and quercetin inhibit angiotensin-II induced hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect and related mechanisms of extract of ginkgo biloba (EGb) and quercetin (Que) on angiotensin II (AngII) induced hypertrophy in the primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with placebo (control), AngII (10(-6) mol/L), AngII + EGb (40 microg/ml), AngII + Que (4 microg/ml), AngII + captopril (10(-5) mol/L) and AngII + DPI [diphenylene iodonium chloride, NADPH inhibitor (10 micromol/L)] respectively. Total protein content of cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocytes size, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured. The expression of phospho-Extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2, phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase and phospho-P38 were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total protein content and cell size of cardiomyocytes increased significantly in AngII treated cells and these effects could be blocked by EGb and Que. EGb and Que also enhanced the SOD activity and reduced the production of MDA. AngII significantly activated ERK1/2, JNK and P38 expressions and only JNK activation could be inhibited by Que and DPI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EGb and Que can inhibit AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through a ROS-dependent pathway. Que could also block the JNK activation induced by AngII.</p>

Characteristics of the occurrence of silicosis in the workers exposed to uranium dust / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the laws and characteristics of silicosis incidence of the workers exposed to the uranium dust from 1956 to 2002.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The length of employment, age of occurrence of silicosis, and its duration and death age were compared between the uranium miners and uranium geological prospecting teams, and also between the miners exposed to uranium dust and those exposed to mixed uranium dust by single factor analysis method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With time going on, the length of employment, age of occurrence of disease and its duration and death age were prolonged respectively in the workers exposed to uranium dust. The length of employment and age of occurrence of disease in uranium geological prospecting teams [(10.15 +/- 5.95) and (40.60 +/- 9.86) years respectively] were shorter than those in uranium miners [(14.23 +/- 8.12) and (41.38 +/- 10.98) years], but the duration (P(50)) and death age were longer [(14.29 years vs 12.52 years), (53.69 +/- 10.04) years vs (51.45 +/- 10.85) years respectively]. The length of employment and age of occurrence of disease in those exposed to uranium dust only [(11.78 +/- 8.06) and (38.04 +/- 9.89) years] were shorter than those exposed to mixed uranium dust [(12.74 +/- 6.29) years, (41.40 +/- 10.67) years], but the duration (P(50)) and death age were longer than the mixed uranium dust ones [(14.59 years vs 13.20 years), (53.93 +/- 10.60) years vs (51.82 +/- 10.20) years].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The difference in the occurrence of silicosis in the workers exposed to uranium dust may be attributed to the physical and chemical character of the uranium dust and the different working circumstance.</p>