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Aim To investigate the effect and mechanism of Eucommiae ulmoides and Radix Dipsaci in the treatment of osteoporosis.Methods The active ingredients of Eucommiae ulmoides and Radix Dipsaci were obtained by TCMSP,BATMAN-TCM platform and the literature.Osteoporosis related genes were collected by GeneCards and OMIM.The compound target network was constructed with Cytoscape 3.7.2 software.The protein interaction network was constructed with STRING online website.DAVID was used to perform gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis.The synergistic effect of Eucommiae ulmoides and Radix Dipsaci was tested by osteo-blast proliferation,alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralized nodule formation experiments.The protein expressions of BMP2 and Wnt signaling pathway were investigated by Western blotting.Results A total of 44 active components of Eucommiae ulmoides and 17 active components of Radix Dipsaci were screened,and 80 targets were intersected by osteoporosis.GO analysis showed that the action mechanism of Eucommiae ulmoides and Radix Dipsaci in the treatment of osteoporosis was involved with 52 items of biological process,8 items of cell composition and 16 items of molecular function.The KEGG enrichment pathway was dominated by 6 major signaling pathways.Compared with the control group,the osteoblast proliferation,alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralized nodule formation significantly increased in Eucommiae ulmoides or Radix Dipsaci group(P<0.01).Western blotting showed that Eucommiae ulmoides mainly regulated the expression levels of Wnt signaling pathways(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and Radix Dipsaci up-regulated the expression levels of BMP2 signaling pathways(P<0.01).Meanwhile,Eucommiae ulmoides and Radix Dipsaci significantly enhanced these effects,respectively(P<0.01).Conclusions Although Eucommiae ulmoides and Radix Dipsaci have different active components,their main targets and pathways are the same in the treatment of osteoporosis.Eucommiae ulmoides and Radix Dipsaci can regulate the function of osteoblasts through BMP2 and Wnt signaling pathways,and the combination of the two drugs in the treatment of osteoporosis has synergistic effect.
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Objective To explore the significance of signal classification by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)(including conventional MRI,diffusion imaging,and susceptibility-weighted imaging)on neonatal punctate white matter lesions(PWML).Methods Between March 2011 and February 2013,neonates with PWML who underwent 3.0T MRI examination were recruited.The routine protocols included T1 weighted imaging (T1WI),T2 weighted imaging(T2WI),diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and 3D-enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography(ESWAN).Apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)map,magnitude image,and phase image were obtained from DTI and ESWAN,respectively.The signal of PWML was one-to-one observed on T1WI,T2WI, ADC map and magnitude image.The combined signals were classified and the number of cases of each type was counted.Results Totally 84 neonates with PWML were included(preterm/term,47/37).Seven signal types were found and classified into three groups: ① Type Ⅰ was the most,59 cases,accounting for 70.24%,with the performance of high-signal intensity on T1WI,low-signal intensity on T2WI,low-signal intensity on ADC map,and high-signal intensity on magnitude image. ② Type Ⅱ,7 cases,accounting for 8.33%,high-signal intensity on T1WI,low-signal intensity on T2WI,low-signal intensity on ADC map,and low-signal intensity on magnitude image.③ Type Ⅲ - Ⅶ,26 cases,accounting for 30.95%,high-signal intensity on T1WI,low/iso-signal intensity on T2WI,low/iso-signal intensity on ADC map,high/iso-signal intensity on magnitude image.There was no significant difference in the incidence of different signal types between preterm and full-term PWML neonates. Conclusion Magnetic resonance signal may reflect the characteristics of PWML lesions.Signal classification of PWML by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in determining injury type and has certain significance in guiding clinical treatment.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) injury is becoming the major type in neonatal brain diseases. The aim of this study was to assess brain maturation in mild HIE neonatal brains using total maturation score (TMS) based on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally, 45 neonates with clinically mild HIE and 45 matched control neonates were enrolled. Gestated age, birth weight, age after birth and postmenstrual age at magnetic resonance (MR) scan were homogenous in the two groups. According to MR findings, mild HIE neonates were divided into three subgroups: Pattern I, neonates with normal MR appearance; Pattern II, preterm neonates with abnormal MR appearance; Pattern III, full-term neonates with abnormal MR appearance. TMS and its parameters, progressive myelination (M), cortical infolding (C), involution of germinal matrix tissue (G), and glial cell migration bands (B), were employed to assess brain maturation and compare difference between HIE and control groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean of TMS was significantly lower in mild HIE group than it in the control group (mean ± standard deviation [SD] 11.62 ± 1.53 vs. 12.36 ± 1.26, P < 0.001). In four parameters of TMS scores, the M and C scores were significantly lower in mild HIE group. Of the three patterns of mild HIE, Pattern I (10 cases) showed no significant difference of TMS compared with control neonates, while Pattern II (22 cases), III (13 cases) all had significantly decreased TMS than control neonates (mean ± SD 10.56 ± 0.93 vs. 11.48 ± 0.55, P < 0.05; 12.59 ± 1.28 vs. 13.25 ± 1.29, P < 0.05). It was M, C, and GM scores that significantly decreased in Pattern II, while for Pattern III, only C score significantly decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The TMS system, based on conventional MRI, is an effective method to detect delayed brain maturation in clinically mild HIE. The conventional MRI can reveal the different retardations in subtle structures and development processes among the different patterns of mild HIE.</p>
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Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Brain , Pathology , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain , Diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) therapy on the clinical outcome and changes of lymphocyte subsets in children with mild and severe encephalitis.Methods Eighty-two children with mild and severe viral encephalitis were randomly divided into two groups: with DEX treatment (n=46) or without(n=36).The clinical efficacy was evaluated 3 weeks later, and the clinical manifestation were also observed. The changes of CD4~+,CD8~+ T lymphocyte percentage were determined by flow cytometry on admission and at 1 week,4 weeks after treatment.Another group of 20 cases was enrolled as control group.Results Compared with the control group,both the DEX treatment group and non-DEX treatment group showed a reduced CD4~+ lymphocyte count, an increased CD8~+ lymphocyte count(P
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the apoptosis,expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in perihematomal brain regions of rats and neurologic dysfunctions after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into two groups:an experimental group and a control group.A model of ICH was established by injection of 0.5 U bacterial collagenaseⅦinto the caudate nucleus in the rats.Neurological impairment was evaluated at 6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h,7 d and 14 d after 1CH,respectively, before the rats were sacrificed.TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis,and SP method to detect expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in the perihematomal brain tissues.Results Neurological impairment occurred in all the rats after ICH,and peaked at 48 h after ICH.The apoptosis and expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were peaked at 48 h,6 h and 48 h after ICH,respectively.Conclusion The degree of the neurological impairment after ICH is parallel to that of the apoptosis.Apoptosis may play an important role in neurological impairment after ICH.