Effect of Huanglian Jiedutang on Learning and Memory Ability and Cholinergic System in AD Rats Induced by Aβ1-42 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of Huanglian Jiedutang on learning and memory ability and the cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease（AD） rats induced by amyloid <italic>β</italic>-protein（A<italic>β</italic>）_1-42. Method:Sixty male SD rats were divided into normal group， model group， huperzine A group （2.1×10^-5 g·kg^-1）， high-， medium- and low dose of Huanglian Jiedutang groups （6，3，1.5 g·kg^-1）. AD rat model was replicated by hippocampal injection of A<italic>β</italic>_1-42. After 4 weeks of treatment， Morris water maze test was performed. Hematoxylineosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of rat hippocampus. Sampling blood from abdominal aorta was taken. Acetylcholine （ACh）， acetylcholinesterase （AchE） and choline acetyltransferase （ChAT） in serum and hippocampus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expression of hippocampal <italic>α</italic>7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （<italic>α</italic>7nAChR） protein was detected by Western blot. The expression of hippocampal <italic>α</italic>7nAChR mRNA was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Result:Compared with the normal group， there were obvious pathological changes in the model group，such as neuron necrosis in the cerebral cortex，pyramidal cell or granular cell necrosis in the hippocampus，disorder of arrangement and inflammatory cell infiltration，prolonged escape latency，decreased escape platform times，decreased residence time in the effective area and swimming path in the effective area （<italic>P<</italic>0.05，<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. The contents of <italic>α</italic>7nAChR mRNA，ACh，AchE，ChAT，<italic>α</italic>7nAChR in the hippocampus decreased （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. Compared with the model group，the escape latency of the middle dose group was shorter （<italic>P<</italic>0.05）， the escape platform times，the swimming path in the effective area and the residence time in the effective area increased （<italic>P<</italic>0.05，<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， the contents of serum ACh，ChAT， hippocampal AchE，ChAT and <italic>α</italic>7nAChR increased （<italic>P<</italic>0.05，）. The expression of hippocampal <italic>α</italic>7nAChR protein significantly increased （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， the residence time of effective area in high dose group was prolonged （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， the times of escape platform increased，and the contents of serum ACh，ChAT and hippocampal ACh，AchE，<italic>α</italic>7nAChR protein and <italic>α</italic>7nAChR mRNA increased （<italic>P<</italic>0.05）. Conclusion:Huanglian Jiedutang can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of AD rats induced by A<italic>β</italic>_1-42，and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of cholinergic system damage and enhancement of cholinergic system function induced by A<italic>β</italic>_1-42.

Comparative study of the factors in tuberculosis treatment between immigrant workers and local residents in Shenzhen / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the factors affecting the management and treatment of immigrant workers with tuberculosis, to determine the most effective measures and to provide an academic basis for tuberculosis control and prevention strategies targeting the immigrant population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A self-designed questionnaire was administered to 1364 immigrant workers with tuberculosis (study group) and 436 local residents (control group) with tuberculosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Whether a patient's tuberculosis status was discovered or not was related to the medical facilities initially visited, job mobility, and the individual worker's economic condition. The percentage of cases discovered was relatively low among those who made their first visit to a private clinic (39.0%), and 58.4% (796) of immigrant workers delayed their first consultation mainly due to neglecting symptoms (55.9%, 445), subjective perception of symptoms being not severe enough (19.3%, 154) to visit a physician and the inconvenience of visiting a hospital because of its being far away from home (15.8%, 47). As comparing immigrant workers with local residents, the differences of the delay reason between the two groups were statistically significant (chi(2) = 21.49, P < 0.01). And 39.9% (544) of immigrant workers and 49.1% (214) of local residents had had late confirmation. The differences of the delay reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 7.31, P = 0.293). And 17.6% (240) patients of immigrant workers and 13.1% (57) patients of local residents did not keep to their drug regimens in a timely fashion. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 6.66, P > 0.05). And 77.5% (1057) of immigrant workers and 31.8% (138) of local residents were considered that taking medicine in supervision spot might have impact on their lives and work. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were significant (chi(2) = 9.71, P < 0.05). All 79.2% (1080) of immigrant workers and 63.3% (276) of local residents did not obtain medicine according to prescriptions. The differences of reasons between the two groups were statistically significant (chi(2) = 24.84, P < 0.01). And 51.2% (699) of immigrant workers and 46.1% (201) of the registered population did not follow up with doctors' directions for lab tests. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 3.26, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The influential factors in tuberculosis management and treatment were complex. Prevention strategies should focus on health education and promotion activities to improve awareness in seeking medical services. Also, developing and standardizing reference mechanisms for patients, and alleviating the economic burden of the workers will be critical to reduce the tuberculosis incidence.</p>