ABSTRACT
Extracting and encoding rhythmic information is very important for brain functions, as it is the foundation of speech recognition,music appreciation and rhythmic movement et al.However,our knowledge of how the neural system processes rhythm information of external inputs remains limited. In the present paper,we review a neural network model of the scale-free topology can serve as an efficient way to encode rhythm information. In the model, neurons are connected by either electrical synapses or chemical synapses with strengths decreasing with the connectivity of neurons, so that hub neurons are difficult to activate. To encode rhythm information, hub neurons trigger synchronous firing across the network, while loops formed by low-degree neurons determine the rhythm of synchronous firing. This model successfully reproduces the long-period synchronous firing observed in experimental data, and indicates that the neural system can encode temporal information via local dynamics in a distributed way.This review aims to elaborate and summarize the mechanism by which neurons encode rhythmic information.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the best intervention based on evidences of enteral nutrition support complicated with diarrhea in critically ill patients and evaluate its clinical effects.Methods Evidence was obtained using Evidence-based Nursing,and was implemented in clinical practice after localization,we formulated numing recommendations for regulating nurses' clinical practice regarding enteral nutrition support complicated with diarrhea in ICU patients;we conducted multiple online and offline training for nurses.The rate of diarrhea in ICU patients undergoing enteral nutrition support before and after using best evidence was compared,and awareness and implementation of best evidence among nurses before and after training were also compared.Results After adapting the best evidence,the rate of enteral nutrition associated diarrhea decreased from 25.58％ to 13.89％;ICU nurses' diarrhea identification and evaluation,analysis of influencing factors of enteral nutrition associated diarrhea,selection of enteral nutrition formula,nasal feeding,etc.,were significantly improved (P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in enteral nutrition infusion,and nutrition preparation and preservation (P＞0.05);rare of implementation of best evidence in ICU nurses was greater than 80％.Conclusion Evidence-based practice can effectively prevent enteral nutrition associated diarrhea in ICU patients.Nurses can solve enteral nutrition associated diarrhea using scientific nursing methods through implementation of best evidence,in order to nursing quality.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between the polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and the genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer (PCa) in the Chinese Han population in Nanjing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed a case control study on 187 cases of PCa and 237 cancer-free healthy controls. Peripheral blood genome DNA was extracted from the subjects for analysis of the polymorphism of the TRAIL-716 locus by polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR). The correlations between the susceptibility to PCa and different genotypes were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>An SNP (-716A/G) was found in the promoter of the TRAIL gene. AA, AG and GG genotypes were identified. Logistic regression analysis suggested that AG, GG and AG + GG genotypes had no significant correlation with the risk of PCa (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.54 -1.47; OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.69 -1.27; OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.54 - 1.41).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The TRAIL-716 polymorphism is not directly related with the genetic susceptibility to PCa in the Chinese Han population of Nanjing.</p>