ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the effects of visual restoration after cataract surgery on plantar pressure and biomechanics of foot in elder individuals.@*METHODS@#Thirty-two patients [male/female 5/27, (70.1±5.2) years old] with age-related cataract were recruited between October 2016 and December 2019. The footscan system was employed to record the data of plantar pressure during level walking before and 1-month after the cataract surgery. Parameters of peak pressure (PP), impulse (I), pressure-time integral (PTI) and time to peak pressure (TPP) from the regions of the 1st toe (T1), 2nd to 5th toes (T2-5), 1st to 5th metatarsal heads (M1-M5), midfoot (MF), medial hindfoot (HM) and lateral hindfoot (HL) were analyzed respectively.@*RESULTS@#Post-operatively, the visual function was effectively reconstructed with improved visual acuity in both eyes (Z=-4.878, -4.801; P < 0.001). The PP (t=2.266, P=0.031) and I (t=2.152, P=0.039) values in M2 region on the dominant side (right foot) increased statistically at post-operative phase, while the changes of pressure and temporal para-meters in other regions remained stable. There was laterality in plantar pressure at pre-operative phase, manifested as greater PP values in M1, M2, MF, and HM regions on the dominant sides (t=-2.414, -2.478, -2.144, -5.269; P < 0.05), greater PP values in T1, M3, M5 and HL regions on the non-dominant sides (t=4.830, 3.155, 2.686, 3.683; P < 0.05), greater I values in M1, MF, and HM regions on the dominant sides (t=-2.380, -2.185, -5.320; P < 0.05) and greater I values in T1, M3, M5 and HL regions on the non-dominant sides (t=4.489, 2.247, 2.838, 3.992; P < 0.05). post-operatively, the pressure tended to be compatible between the two sides in regions of M3 and MF, while the magnitude of laterality in regions of M1 (ZPP△= -2.721, P=0.007; ZI△=-2.581, P=0.010), M2 (ZPP△=-2.674, P=0.007; ZI△=-2.375, P=0.018) and M5 (ZPP△=1.991, P=0.046; ZI△=2.150, P=0.032) was further increased.@*CONCLUSION@#Changes in plantar pressure after cataract surgery were characterized as increased pressure in the 2nd metatarsal head area on the dominant side. Visual restoration might intensify the laterality in the medial of forefoot on the dominant side and the lateral of forefoot on the non-dominant side.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biomechanical Phenomena , Foot , PressureABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the causal association between hip circumference (HC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on Mendelian randomization. Methods The genetic variants data of the HC and T2DM from the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) and DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) database were matched according to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rsID. Genetic loci strongly related to the HC were used as instrumental variables; and the inverse-variance weighting, MR-Egger regression model and weighting median method were carried out to analyze the causal effect of HC on T2DM. Results Fifty-two, nine and fifteen SNPs were matched in the total cohort, female cohort and male cohort, respectively. Heterogeneity test suggested the SNPs were homogeneous. We found HC to be positively associated with T2DM risk (OR=1.065, 95% CI: 1.030-1.100, OR=1.103, 95% CI: 1.057-1.150 and OR=1.583, 95% CI: 1.273-1.968, respectively) in above three cohorts, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed the results were robust. Conclusions There is a relationship between HC and T2DM of people, and HC may be the risk factor of T2DM.
ABSTRACT
AIM To investigate microwave-heated Ginkgo Semen's effects on learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODS Firstly,the effects on chemical compositions of Ginkgo Semen due to variation in processing methods (baking,boiling and microwave-heating) were compared.Then,four-month mice were given eight months' special feed containing either raw Ginkgo Semen powders or microwave cooked Ginkgo Semen powders.At the end of the experiment,the memory and learning abilities of mice were assayed by open field test,novel object recognition test and morris water maze test,sequentially.And the levels of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD),catalase (CAT),Na+/K+ ATPase and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and brain tissue of mice were measured,and a further histopathology examination on hippocampus tissues was performed as well.RESULTS Microwave-heating method was determined to be the optimum processing technology for Ginkgo Semen.Compared with the model group,the groups treated with microwave cooked Ginkgo Semen had increased T-SOD,CAT,Na +/K + ATPase and decreased MDA content,but the groups treated with raw Ginkgo Semen displayed no significant differences.CONCLUSION Unlike raw Ginkgo Semen,Ginkgo Semen processed by microwave heating may possess an antioxidative activity and an energy metabolism enhancement ability contributing to significant amelioration of AD mice's impaired learning and memory abilities.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of preoperative isokinetic eccentric training with or not whey protein isolate supplement before operation on lower limb muscle strength and knee function in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Methods A total of 22 male volunteers aged 18-40 years with ACL rupture were recruited in outpatient service. With randomized block design,subjects were randomly assigned to isokinetic eccentric training (IE) group and isokinetic eccentric training with whey protein isolate supplement (IE+WPI) group. The IE group received isokinetic eccentric training of the injured limb on an isokinetic dynamometer under the guidance of physiatrist in laboratory before operation. There were 3-4 sets per day with 8-10 repetitions for each set,twice a week,with at least one day between sessions. The IE+WPI group were supplied with whey protein isolate 22 g per day on the basis of isokinetic eccentric training,taking breakfast or 30-60 minutes after the training. The intervention lasted for 6 weeks. Isokinetic muscle strength of limbs,the function and laxity of knee,the circumferences of thigh and knee,and the body composition were measured before and after the treatment. Results Compared with baseline,the peak torque (PT) of isokinetic-eccentric contraction (IE group:41.0%,P=0.018;IE+WPI group:46.7%,P=0.008) and the concentric contraction (IE group:29.6%,P=0.018;IE+WPI group:38.9%,P=0.038) of quadriceps in the two training groups significantly increased after isokinetic eccentric training. The Lysholm score increased significantly in IE+WPI group compared with baseline (P=0.018). Conclusions Isokinetic eccentric training before operation for ACL rupture patients can increase the strength of quadriceps and improve the function of knees. Protein isolate supplement can improve such effect.
ABSTRACT
? AIM: To investigate health - related quality of life ( HRQOL ) state in children with intermittent exotropia using the Intermittent Exotropia Questionnaire ( IXTQ ) and research the effect of strabismus surgeries on HRQOL.?METHODS: In this prospective study, we chose 42 patients with intermittent exotropia ( aged 5-17 years) as case group, and 42 patients ( aged 5-17 years) as control group. The Chinese IXTQ was used to evaluate HRQOL at 1d preoperatively and 3mo postoperatively in the two groups, and the differences of the two groups before and after surgery and the effect of strabismus surgery on HRQOL were analyzed.?RESULTS:The scores of HRQOL in control group were statistically significant higher than that of case group ( P<0. 01 ). Every items showed a statistically significant difference except on “Kids tease me because of my eyes”and “ My eyes make it hard for me to make friends” ( P<0.05). At 3mo postoperatively ,the scores of HRQOL in case group significantly increased than that at 1d preoperatively(P<0. 01). Child IXTQ of case group was lower on every items than those of control group after surgery(P<0. 05).?CONCLUSION:Intermittent exotropia could affect the HRQOL in psychosocial and visual functional. The greatest HRQOL concerns for children with intermittent exotropia were shutting one eye when sunny, waiting for their eyes to clear up instead of taunts and friendship. The surgical treatment could improve HRQOL in children with intermittent exotropia.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To prepare bryostatins freeze-dried liposomes and to establish a quality standard for the liposomes. Methods: Film dispersion technique was used to encapsulate bryostatins with liposomes. Chloroform was taken as the solvent and was volatilized by revolving. Emulsification was performed with the probe after hydration, then the supporting agent was added for freeze drying. An RP-HPLC method was developed to determine the freeze-dried liposome content. The separation was performed with a Agilent C18 Column and the mobile phase was methanol-water in gradient elution 75 : 25 (0-38 min), 73.7 : 26.3(38-45 min), 79 : 21(45-48 min) by a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min, with the UV detector set at 228 nm. Zetasizer was used to determine the size of liposomes and the entrapment efficiency was determined with centrifugal ultrafilter. Results: The freeze-dried liposomes were homogeneous and the mean diameter was 0.423 μm. The standard curve was linear over the range of 44-220 μg/ml, r=0.999 8. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were less than 2.0 %. The recoveries of the high, middle and low concentrations (88, 110, and 132 μg/ml) were 100.8 %, 98.4 %, and 100.9 %, respectively. The detection limit was 4.4 ng, the quantitation limit was 17.6 ng, and the entrapment efficiency was 98.68 %. Conclusion: The film dispersion technique is suitable for preparation of bryostatins liposomes. The method in this study is easy-to-use, accurateg and with good repeatability.