Blood screening results of voluntary blood donors in Xi′an district from 2012 to 2021: a retrospective study / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the population characteristics, the reasons for deferral and the changing trend of unqualified rate of blood test of voluntary blood donors in Xi′an, so as to provide a data support for recruiting low-risk regular blood donors, reducing unqualified rate, improving blood safety and blood quality. 【Methods】 The age, gender, occupation, education and unqualified blood test of voluntary blood donors in Xi′an area from 2012 to 2021 were classified and analyzed retrospectively. 【Results】 The number of voluntary blood donors in Xi′an increased year by year from 2012 to 2021, while the overall unqualified rate of blood test kept decreasing, with an overall unqualified rate at 2.36%, which was at a middle level in China. There were more male blood donors than female donors, and the highest proportion of blood donors in terms of age, occupation and education was between 21-30 years old group (40.19%), other occupation group(21.75%), and undergraduate and above group (32.61%) respectively. The total unqualified rate was ALT (0.68%)>HBsAg (0.55%) > anti -HCV (0.48%) > anti -TP (0.43%) > anti -HIV (0.17%). The unqualified rate of blood donors aged 31 to 40 was the highest. With the increase of academic qualifications, the unqualified rate generally showed a gradual downward trend. The unqualified rate of soldiers, teachers, civil servants and medical workers was low, while the unqualified rates of various items of students were high. There were seasonal differences in the total number of blood donors, the total unqualified rate and the unqualified rate of each item (except anti -HIV). 【Conclusion】 The voluntary blood donors are mainly males, aged 21 to 30, with other occupations and with bachelor degree or above. Regular voluntary blood donation teams in this area should be established among soldiers, teachers, civil servants, medical workers and highly educated groups, and more attention should be paid to health consultation for workers, farmers and students before blood donation.

Inhibitory effect of necrostatin-1 on necroptosis of retinal ganglion cells in rats with acute ocular hypertension / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of specific inhibitor of necroptosis necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) on necroptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats with acute ocular hypertension.Methods:Twenty-four adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, Nec-1 treatment group and negative control group by random number table method, with 6 rats in each group.High intraocular pressure (IOP)-induced ischemia and reperfusion model was established through anterior chamber irrigation of 0.9% sodium chloride solution in left eyes of the rats, raising the IOP to 110 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) for 60 minutes.Nec-1 (4 mmol/L, 2 μl) or dimethyl sulfoxide (2 μl) was intravitreally injected immediately in Nec-1 treatment group and negative control group following modeling, respectively, according to grouping.No intervention was administered to the normal control group.Paraffin sections of rat retinas of the left eyes in different groups were prepared seven days after modeling.The retinal structure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the expression levels of thymocyte antigen-1 (Thy-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected via immunohistochemical staining.All animal experiments were approved by an Ethics Committee of Tianjin Union Medical Center (No.2017 Quick audit C01).Results:Seven days after modeling, compared with normal control group, the retinal nerve fiber layer was thinner in model control group and negative control group, and the RGCs were arranged loosely, and cells in the inner nuclear layer were reduced and arranged disorderly, and cells in the outer nuclear layer were normal or enlarged.Compared with model control group and negative control group, the nerve fiber layer was thickened and the number of RGCs was significantly increased in Nec-1 treatment group.The number of Thy-1-positive RGCs was decreased in model control group, negative control group and Nec-1 treatment group than normal control group, and there were more Thy-1-positive RGCs in Nec-1 treatment group than model control group and negative control group.The integrated absorbance ( A) value of GFAP protein in normal control group, model control group, negative control group and Nec-1 treatment group was 47.209±15.311, 116.220±18.194, 116.382±19.020, 92.818±10.236, respectively, showing statistically significant differences among them ( F=24.675, P<0.001). The integrated A value of GFAP protein was significantly increased in model control group, negative control group and Nec-1 treatment group than normal control group, and the integrated A value of GFAP protein in Nec-1 treatment group was lower than that in model control group and negative control group, with statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Nec-1 can promote RGCs survival by inhibiting the necroptosis of RGCs in rats with acute intraocular hypertension.

Study on the relationship between age-related hearing loss and cognitive impairment / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the correlation between age-related hearing loss and cognitive impairment.@*Methods@#201 elderly patients, who were admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Peking University People′s Hospital from March 1, 2017 to March 31, 2017, were evaluated with hearing screening and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Among them, 101 were female and 100 were male, aged 60-90 years old. Taking the cognitive level as the dependent variable, and taking the age, sex, education, occupation, marital status, residence, and average hearing loss (average hearing threshold of 500, 1 000, 2 000, and 4 000 Hz), as well as the length of conscious hearing loss as the independent variables, the single factor analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to screen the main factors affecting the cognitive level of the elderly.@*Results@#Of the 201 elderly patients, 39 had normal hearing, 65 had mild hearing loss, 80 had moderate hearing loss, 16 had severe hearing loss, and 1 had profound hearing loss. The average degree of hearing loss was the influencing factor of cognitive impairment, and it mainly affected the directional force and abstract ability in the cognitive domains (P<0.05); The age, self-reported hearing loss, years of education, marital status, past ear diseases, and hypertension were relatively independent factors that affected the cognitive level(P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Age-related hearing loss is the risk factor for the cognitive impairment, especially for abstraction and orientation, in the elderly. The self-reported hearing loss is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment.

Correlation between the changes of fibrinogen and the treatment effect of all-frequency sudden deafness / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To analyze the correlation between the changes of fibrinogen and the treatment effect of all-frequency sudden deafness, and to explore the individualized treatment strategy for the use of Batroxobin.@*Methods@#Patients with all-frequency sudden deafness who were admitted to Department of Otorhinolaryngology, People′s Hospital of Peking University, from January 2010 to September 2016 were selected. All patients were given standard treatment and regular use of Batroxobin. Value of fibrinogen on D1 (before treatment) / D3 / D7 (±1) and D14 (±2) were recorded, at the same time, the correlation between the changes of fibrinogen and prognosis of all-frequency sudden deafness by the audiograms of onset and after-treatment of all patients were analyzed. Independent t-test was used to analyze normal distributed measurement data and chi square linear trend test was used to analyze the curative effect of different fibrinogen groups.@*Results@#A total of 148 patients were included, the outcomes were worst when the patient′s fibrinogen was below 2 g/L or above 4 g/L before treatment, ineffective rate were both 50%. The fibrinogen was lowest when the treatment came to the third day. Normally, the patient′s prognosis was best when this value waved between 0.7 and 0.9 g/L, with a total effective rate between 73.9% and 83.3%. The fibrinogen value of the 7th day was a good indicator of the outcome, and Fib7 value was significant lower in patients of effective group than ineffective ones ((1.25±0.37)g/L vs (1.38±0.35) g/L, t=-0.27, P=0.04). Patients found a best recovery when Fib7 was below 1 g/L, and the higher the Fib7 value, the higher the inefficiency (χ2=7.55, P=0.01). Batroxobin showed safety during the treatment and found no complications.@*Conclusion@#The change of fibrinogen in the process of all-frequency sudden deafness is closely related to the curative effect.

Study on PreS-S Gene Mutation of HBV in Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infected Persons with Positive HBsAb / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the mutation of PreS-S region in occult hepatitis B virus(OHBV) in HBV infected persons with positive HBsAb and investigate the biological mechanisms of the special infectious model.Methods A total of 38 HB-sAb positive OBI serum samples were amplified by Nested PCR and sequenced,HBV genotype and serotype were determined.The amino acid sequences of OHBV were compared to the corresponding sequence of wild-type strains of similar genotype obtained from the GenBank database.Results PreS-S segment of 11 samples were obtained and 8 samples were sequenced successfully.Among which,5 were genotype C and 3 were genotype B.Genotype B were all serotype adw,while genotype C were 1 adw and 4 adr.The mutation rates of PreS-S region,the immunoreactive area and the major hydrophilic region (MHR) were higher in OHBV than the wild-type strains (2.6％ vs 0.8％,x2 =40.23,3.2％ vs 0.3％,x2 =52.13,3.6％ vs 0.6％,x2 =13.25,all P＜0.01) and the substitutions of I126T,Q129R,M133T,F134I,D144E,G145K in α determinant were found in OBI samples.The mutation rate of amino acids in PreS-S region was higher in genotype C than genotype B (3.5％ vs 1.2％,x2--15.98,P＜0.01),meanwhile,the mutation rates in MHR,α determinant and immunoreactive region were higher in genotype C too,but no statistical significance was attained (4.7％ vs 1.7 ％,x2 =2.96,3.6 ％ vs 2.9％,x2 =0.25,4.1％ vs 2.3％,x2 =3.59,all P ＞0.05).Conclusion Mutations in PreS-S region,especially in immunoepitope,might change the virus'immunogenicity leading to escape from immune response and cause OBI with HBsAb positive.

Role of GDF11 in skeletal muscle cell insulin resistance induced by palmitate / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of GDF11 in palmitate induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance.Methods The C2C12 cells were sorted into control group, GDF11 intervention group, palmitate group and GDF11 combined with palmitate group.Cell viability was measured by CCK-8, and the glucose uptake was determined by 2NBDG.The mRNA level of myotube marker genes(desmin,myogenin), insulin mediate glucose uptake related genes(GLUT-4,IRS-1) and PGC-1α were tested by RT-PCR.The protein expression of PGC-1α was detected by western blot.Results GDF11 had little effect on cell viability of skeletal muscle cells.Compared with control group, the glucose uptake and the expression of GLUT-4,IRS-1,PGC-1α were significantly decreased by palmitate intervention.Compared with palmitate group, the glucose uptake and the expression of GLUT-4,IRS-1,PGC-1α were not significantly changed by GDF11.Conclusion Palmitate can induce skeletal muscle cell insulin resistance, but GDF11 may not significantly improve the skeletal muscle cell insulin resistance.

The Pathway of FITC-Dexran after Post-Aural Injection / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the possible pathway of FITC-dextran to the cochlea after post-aural injection.Methods The FITC-dextran(weight between 3 000~5 000) was chosen as a tracer in this study.A total of 200 suckling mice were randomly divided into four groups, with 50 in each group.Each animal was then administered with FITC-dextran or dextran via either post-auricular or intra-muscular injection, to a total dose of 20 μl (5 mg/ml).Samples were obtained at 0, 1/12, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, and 24 hours after adminstmiceion, and the confocal technique was used to observe the distribution of the tracer.Taking into consideration the influence of spontaneous fluorescence, the fluorescence intensity ratio of the experimental and control groups was used as the final statistical data.Results FITC-dextran injected intramuscularly group: The fluorescence signal can be detected in the sigmoid sinus(SS) 3h after management, while in endolymphatic sac and cochlea at 12 h.FITC-dextran injected post-aurally group: After administration, an obvious fluorescence signal could be observed in the sigmoid sinus and endolymphatic sac immediately, cochlea at 30 min.The signal of the sigmoid sinus, endolymphatic sac and cochlea gradually increased successively, peaked at 5~15 min, 30 min and 60 min, and then decreased gradually.At 12 h, another small increases appeared, and the signal could not be detected at 24 h.Conclusion Compared with intramuscularly application, post-auricular injection can allow the drug to directly reach the endolymph.It is possible that the tracer first gathered in the SS via local blood circulation or infiltration, then entered the ES via micro-circulation around, and eventually arrived at the cochlea.

Efficacy comparison between endolymphatic sac surgery and semicircular canal occlusion in the treatment of stage 4 Ménière disease / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the vertigo controlling situation between the endolymphatic sac decompression(ELSD) and semicircular canal occlusion (SCO) in stage 4 Ménière disease.@*METHOD@#Fourteen patients who underwent endolymphatic sac decompression and 9 patients who underwent semicircular canal occlusion from 2009 to 2013 were followed. All patients has complete preoperative examination and postoperative follow-up.@*RESULT@#The vetigo control of the patients underwent endolymphatic sac decompression: completely control 35.7%; basic control 28.6%; partly control 14.3%; the vetigo control of the patients underwent semicircular canal occlusion: completely control 88.9%; basic control 11.1%.@*CONCLUSION@#ELSD and SCO are alternative methods for the patients of stage 4. SCO has a much highter complete vertigo control rate. For the patients without practical listening, SCO is a better choice.

The false-negative reasons of positioning test in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the false-negative proportion and reasons of positioning test in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).@*METHOD@#Sixty-eight cases were reviewed and analyzed during February to April 2009. All patients had typical clinical history of BPPV and diagnosed by positioning test,and all were treated with PRM successfully. If positioning test at the first time were negative, examinations repeated after either head shaking or return visits.@*RESULT@#Thirteen patients (19.12%) appeared false-negative in positoning test, and 11 cases showed typical nystagmus after head shaking,while 2 cases were diagnosed by return visitis the next day. There were no statistically difference between false-negative group and positive group in age (P > 0.05), gender (P > 0.05), course of disease (P > 0.05) and types of semi-circular canal (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Re-examinations after head shaking or return visits are useful for the diagnosis in the suspected BPPV patients who have negative positioning test.

Multi-center comparative study of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone in treatment of all-frequency sudden hearing loss / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Through a prospective cohort study, to assess the clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone (MP) and dexamethasone (DXM) in treatment of all-frequency sudden hearing loss.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 76 cases of all-frequency sudden hearing loss were included in this study and divided into two groups. The MP group (n = 40) was treated with MP 40 mg qd, for 5 days, combined with conventional treatment. The DXM group (n = 36) was treated with DXM 10 mg qd, for 5 days, combined with conventional treatment. The total period of treatment was 14 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the treatment for 14 days, in the MP group,17 cases were cured (42.5%), 7 cases were markedly improved (17.5%), 9 cases were effective (22.5%), and 7 cases were invalid (17.5%), the total effective rate was 82.5%. As for the patients in the DXM group, 13 cases were cured (36.1%), 6 cases were markedly improved (16.7%), 8 cases were effective (24.2%), and 9 cases were invalid (25%), the total effective rate was 75.0%. The pure tone audiometry in all-frequency was improved (31.5 ± 17.8) dB in the MP group, and (33.1 ± 24.2) dB in the DXM group. The speech recognition rate was improved (41.7 ± 29.8) %, and (42.0 ± 39.1) % in the DXM group. There were no significant differences between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is no significant difference of therapeutic efficacy between the low-dose MP group and High-dose DXM group.</p>

Efficacy of cochlear implantation for bilateral severe Ménière's disease / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effecacy of cochlear implantation (CI) improving hearing of Lermoyez's syndrome, we retrospectively analyzed a case of Lermoyez's syndrome whose left ear was extremely severe sensorineural deafness and right ear was severe sensorineural deafness.@*METHOD@#The patient had completed preoperative audiological examination , vestibular function and imaging examination, then was carried out bilateral endolymphatic sac decompression and left side CI. Follow up after the surgery.@*RESULT@#The vertigo could be controlled very well after the bilateral endolymphatic sac decompression surgery, but the hearing loss couldn't be control, so CI was carried out to improve hearing and speech recognition rate. The contralateral hearing also improved significantly after the operation.@*CONCLUSION@#Endolymphatic sac decompression can effectively control. Ménière's disease in patients with vertigo attacks. CI can improve patients' hearing, and speech recognition rate and, also could improve the quality of life. CI was the first choice for the patient of 4 stage Ménière's disease.

The effects of achievement motivation and family environment of undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine on creativity tendency / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To analyze the effects of achievement motivation and family environ-ment of undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine on creativity tendency. Methods The self-administered questionnaire was used to survey the general characteristics , achievement motivation , family environment, and Williams creativity tendency of undergraduates (n=243) from grade 1 to grade 5 majoring in preventive medicine in a medical college. The effects of achievement motivation and family environment on creativity tendency were tested with multiple linear regression analysis. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The indexes between boys and girls was compared with group t test, and single factor analysis of variance was made for comparison between grades, SNK method was used to test and compare two groups; linear correlation analysis was made to inspect the correlation between the two indicators, and multiple linear regression analysis method was used for further analysis. Results The survey recycled 226 copies of effective questionnaires. The scores of achievement motivation, family environment, and Williams creativity tendency and all dimen-sions had no statistically significant difference among the five grades, or between the male and female (P>0.05). The positive influence factors of creativity tendency and its dimensions were pursuing success, the in-formative property, the entertaining property and organizational property, the negative influence factor was avoiding failure. R2 was 0.094-0.265 (P=0.000-0.048). Conclusion Achievement motivation and family environment of undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine may have posi-tive effects on creativity tendency. Various comprehensive measures should be taken to improve family environment and enhance achievement motivation, and to promote to increase creativity tendency, and to cultivate students' creativity and improve students' scientific research ability.

Evidence-based evaluation of Chinese students' social practice and guarantee mechanism / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate and analyze the researches and guarantee mechanisms of Chinese undergraduate students' social practice, to understand the current situation of college students' social practice and research quality and to provide the reference for the development of college students' social practice guarantee mechanism in China. Methods With the “University” “college students”“social practice” as key words , we retrieved published documents about long-term mechanism of CUSSP dating to March 2014, from Chinese journal full text database(CNKI), China outstanding master's degree thesis database, Chinese Excellent Doctor Degree Dissertation Full-text Database, Wanfang, CMFD, CDFD,VIP, Google and Baidu, etc. We classified the including documents based on evidence-based scientific evidence grading standards, analyzed Grade C and above documents only. Results A total of 22 relevant studies were included; 4 of them are policy studies with Grade B, 18 of them are cross-sectional studies with grade C. The studies showed: ①The policy studies give important sugges-tions on the content, form, effect, construction and evaluation system of long-term mechanism of CUSSP.②18 cross-sectional studies surveyed over 14 504 students' social practice conditions show the method-ology of most of the studies is described unclearly or non-standard however. ③12 studies have inves-tigated the Chinese college students' attitude towards social practice and actual participation, with 5 studies about the time of participation and 5 about the condition of combination with specialty. The undergraduate students can recognize the importance of social practice, however, the range, duration and times of their actual participation are limited, and the combination with their major is not close enough. ④7 studies have investigated the main problems of college students' social practice and 5 studies have investigated the students' satisfaction. At present, there exist many problems in CUSSP, of which the most difficult things are: hard-to-contacting practice units, lack of funds, lack of teacher guidance, hard-to-determining the practical projects etc. The students' overall satisfaction is“general”. Conclusions ①There is lack of high-quality studies about CUSSP, and the methodology of studies should be improved and standardized. ②Strengthening the long-term mechanism and evaluation system construction is urgently needed to ensure that students can conduct long-term, effective and stable social practice.

Study on Tissue Culture Techniques for Radicle of Bletilla Striata / 中国药师

Objective:To seek the best part and optimal culture medium for the tissue culture of Bletilla striata. Methods: The effects of hormone concentration and proportion on the induced differentiation, propagation and rootage of Bletilla striata were investiga-ted. Results:The radicle of Bletilla striata was the best part to induce the clustered shoots with the optimal culture medium of 1/2MS+1. 0 mg·L-1 6-BA+2. 0 mg·L-1 NAA. The best hormone concentration for inducing the clustered shoots was MS+1. 0 mg·-1 L 6-BA+0. 05 mg·L-1 NAA, and the optimal rooting medium was 1/2MS+0. 5 mg·L-1 NAA. Conclusion: The tissue culture system for Bletilla striata is established.

Onlay mesh in situ hernia repair for parastomal hernia: a report of 42 cases / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To evaluate hernia repair with Onlay (premuscular positioning of the prosthesis) for the treatment of parastomal hernia.Methods In this study 45 patients with parastomal hernia were treated with a tension-free manner of hernia repair in situ by Onlay using prolene mesh between February 2006 and April 2012.There were 24 males and 21 female cases,including 6 recurrent parastomal hernia cases.The average age was (49 ±8) years ranging from 43 to 80.The parastomal defect ranged from 4 cm to 9 cm.Results All operations were successful.There was no hospital death or severe postoperative complications.The mean operating time was (109 ± 23) min (96-148),and the average time of pulling out the gastrointestinal decompression tube was (2.0 ± 2.0) day (12 h-3 d) and the drainage tube was removed after (5.0 ± 2.0) days (4-9 d).The mean postoperative hospitalization was (11 ± 3) days (9-16 d).42 cases achieved primary healing.The serofluid swelling in 7 cases was cured by puncturing and pressing the incision.41 cases were followed-up from 8 to 48 months,and 4 patients suffered from hernia recurrence respestively after 3 months,4 months,4.5 months and 7 months.One recurrent case was healed by conservative therapy and the other three were healed by reoperation.Conclusions Hernia repair in situ with Onlay method for parastomal hernia with prolene mesh was a safe and effective.

The analysis of concomitant vertigo in idiopathic sudden deafness / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Analyzing different types of concomitant vertigo in sudden deafness (SD) patients with different hearing loss types, exploring different pathogenesis of SD and concomitant vertigo.@*METHOD@#The clinical data of 121 SD cases during 2007. 12 - 2009. 4 were retrospectively analyzed. Detailed information including age, sex, history and hearing level were recorded. According to the standard of China Medical Association,all patients were classified into five sub-groups based on audiogram types: low frequency SD, high frequency SD, flat frequency SD and total SD. The proportion of vertigo in different SD types were calculated and analyzed by statistical method.@*RESULT@#Among all 121 cases, 45 cases with concomitant vertigo, the proportion in different SD types was 42.9%, 47.1%, 23.6% and 51.4%, respectively. By chi-square test, P < 0.05, the proportion in the flat type was statistically lower than that of the other types. 23 patients were diagnosed as true vertigo. The vertigo incidence in different SD types had no statistical difference.@*CONCLUSION@#Vaso factor and viral infection played different roles in different SD types. Discussing concomitant vertigo could help understand SD and otogenic vertigo.

The bithermal test in idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Comparison of the bithermal test in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) before and after particle repositioning maneuver (PRM), identify the possible mechanisms of canal paralysis in BPPV.@*METHOD@#Ninety-six BPPV cases during 2005-2008 were randomly divided into two groups: 52 cases were carried bithermal test before PRM, and the other 44 cases were carried after successful PRM. According to the canal paresis(CP) > or = 20%, subdivided each patients group the normal semicircular canal (SC) function group and the paresis SC function group. Compared the ratio of paresis SC function between the subgroups.@*RESULT@#Except the ages of the first group were younger than the second group, the gender rate, semicircular canal involved, side involved, course of the disease, recurrent attacks were all equal between the two groups. Using chi square test to compare the ratio of paresis SC between the two groups (t = 0.654, P < 0.05), the differences between the two groups were not statistical.@*CONCLUSION@#PRM has no influence to the bithermal test in BPPV. The mechanisms of the paresis SC function may be the extensive pathological changes in the vestibular system. The floating otolith has little effect on the dynamic of the endolymph.

Compound Betameth Pharmacokinetics in Plasma of Guinea Pig after Postaurieal Injection / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate plasma pharmacokinetics profiles of compound betameth in guinea pig after postaurieal and systemic administrations,and to explore the possible pathway for postaurical injection. Methods 1 ml compound-betameth was injected postaurieally and intramuscularly into the guinea pig. Blood were samples obtained 0. 5,1,1.5,2,3,5,7 h and 1,2,4 w after the administration of contralateral sigmoid sinus blood and circulatory blood respectively. High performance liquid chromatography was used to dectet compound betameth in the samlowing postaurieal administration. The Cmax(peak concentration) in sigmoid sinus of postaurieal group was 2.56 and 3.03 higher than those in the contralateral and the systemic group. The AUC((area under the ct curve) was 2.41 postaurieal administration. The Cmax and AUC in postaurieal group were 0. 13 and 0. 32 higher than systemic group. Conclusion The postaurieal injection reached a higher concentration of drugs in the sigmoid sinus blood, and remained a lower concentration in circulatory blood.

Expressions of NF-kappaB p65 in laryngeal carcinoma and normal mucous membrane and its clinical significance / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate expressions of NF-kappaB p65 in laryngeal carcinoma and normal mucous membrane and its clinical significance.@*METHOD@#The immunohistochemical method and the in situ hybridization were employed in detecting the NF-kappaB p65 expressions in surgical specimen from 48 laryngeal carcinoma and 20 normal mucous membrane.@*RESULT@#(1) The expression of NF kappaB p65 was higher than in normal laryngeal mucous membrane. (2) Positive expression of NF-kappaB p65 correlated with the development of distant metastasis.@*CONCLUSION@#The results of the study show that the NF-kappaB p65 protein is a significant predictor of survival in laryngeal carcinoma patients.

The effect of Brandt-Daroff exercises on positional vertigo with atypical positioning nystagmus / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE Identify the effect of Brandt-Daroff exercises for positional vertigo with atypical positioning nystagmus.METHODS 11 cases of positional vertigo during 2006～2007 with atypical positioning nystagmus when carrying Dix-Hallpike and roll test,the nystagmus had the follwing characters:poly-positions,atypical direction,long lasting(more than 3 mins),no fatigue.After ruling out centrul neural system disorders,the patients were instructed to do Brandt-Daroff exercises 2-3 times/day,and 6-10 times every time.RESULTS After doing the exercises for 3-4 days,the vertigo of all the 11 cases were all relieved.After 1-2 weeks,10 cases were cured,syptom of the other 1 was relieved significantly,and the nystagmus was alleviated.CONCLUSION Cases with atypical positioning nystagmus may present a different kind of BPPV related with the otolith and vestibular nerve disease.Brandt-Daroff exercises was a good method for the atypical positioning nystagmus cases.