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Objective To investigate risk factors for healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in patients with craniocerebral operation,and provide reference for the prevention and control of HAI.Methods A total of 4 246 cases of craniocerebral surgery in a neurosurgery department from January 2010 to December 2012 were enrolled in the study,the risk fac-tors for HAI were analyzed.Results Of 4 246 cases of craniocerebral surgery,393 patients developed 446 times of post-operative HAI,HAI incidence rate was 9.26%,case infection rate was 10.50%,which were higher than inci-dence (2.02%)and case infection rate (3.02%)of HAI of all hospital during the same period,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =811 .06,629.30,respectively,P 7 d,antimicrobial use >7 d,central venous and urinary tract cathe-terization,invasive ventilator were risk factors for HAI in patients with craniocerebral operation.Conclusion The incidence of HAI in patients with craniocerebral operation is high,effective preventive and control measures accord-ing to risk factors should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of HAI.
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OBJECTIVE In order to prevent and control the nosocomial infection effectively by hospital construction design scientifically.METHODS The theory and the practical application of hospital construction,were analyzed and discussed to prevent the nosocomial infection.RESULTS The hospital construction was fundamental in preventing and controlling nosocomial infection.It could control exogenous nosocomial infection.Through scientific and effective isolation,the hospital construction could help to control source of infection,cut off infection routin and protect the susceptible population.CONCLUSIONS Hospital construction design should conform to the principle of nosocomial infection precention and control.
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OBJECTIVE To study the degree and regular of Aspergillus flavus air contamination in hospital.METHODS Some ambient air of different environment in our hospital was taken 5 times in one day of four seasons one year by using centrifugal air sampler,and then cultivated(using eumycete cultural methods),counted and analyzed.RESULTS A.flavus strain was collected in all sampling points in four seasons.The concentration of Aspergillus flavus in six standort was diverse from each other,and the highest was the out-patient clinic with 1238.9 CFU/m3.The concentration of Aspergillus flavus in each division of Medical Department was significant difference during four seasons(P0.05).The difference between internal medicine and external enviroment was significant between the first and the third season(P=0.022,P=0.039),but that of the second and the fouth season was not significant(P=0.022,P=0.624).CONCLUSIONS The contamination of Aspergillus flavus in hospital was severe.So it′s necessary to prevent the Aspergillus flavus infection and enhance the environmental control of susceptible population.
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OBJECTIVE In order to take further study of principles and risk factors of infection breakouts at hospitals to reduce infection rates,and provide all levels of management with infectious information.METHODS After collecting the data of hospital infections and analyzing the datum structure of the hospital information system,we developed the software of nosocomial infection information management system using word `segmentation.RESULTS The subsystem could monitor infection of all inpatients,collect and analyze the data of infection examination,patients infected,usage of antibiotics and intervening operations,therefore,relieve information administers from collection works and make them focus on analysis,guidance and problem solutions.CONCLUSIONS As a part of the hospital information system,nosocomial infection information management system can improve the affectivity and efficiency of hospital infection administers due to its accuracy,timeliness and wide coverage.
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OBJECTIVE To compare the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulated results and field test data of the new-style asepsis ward.METHODS We used various equipments to test the asepsis ward and CFD software to simulate airflow of asepsis ward.RESULTS After calculating and comparing,we found the CFD simulation results agreed well with the tested data.Key design and operating parameters were up to the standard.The new-style of asepsis ward could improve the air quality and provide a comfortable environment for patient treatment and it was of great help to decrease the infection rate of patient.CONCLUSIONS The new-style asepsis ward can significantly control the endogenous infection of patients.
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OBJECTIVE We designed the overall layout,formulated the functional demand,and optimized the key design and operating parameters of a new-style asepsis clean ward.The new-style ward intends to provide a higher quality environment for patient infection control and all-around protection during treatment.METHODS We applied computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation to optimize the design scheme according to Chinese and international hospital design specifications.RESULTS The new-style asepsis ward reflected a new idea,new technology,high standards and created a comfortable and safe,high-quality environment for the treatment of patient.The Satisfaction of patients was more than 95% and workload of nurses was alleviated obviously.CONCLUSIONS The new-style asepsis ward can significantly control the endogenous infection of patients.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the disinfection methods for slippers that used in operation room. METHODS A total of 120 pairs of slippers were monitored on their disinfection half of them were with automatic washer machine as a test group; while control group was dealed mannally with compound chlorine disinfection solution. The disinfection effects of two groups were compared. RESULTS The disinfection effects of two methods were identical, but had a difference of work efficiency. CONCLUSIONS The slippers used in operating room are contaminated by bacteria seriously. The manual disinfection method is low inefficient. The test group by machine method is with good efficiency and safety, so, it was recommendable for clinical use.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of the nanometer photocatalysis air disinfector.METHODS The air disinfection effect of nanometer photocatalyis air disinfectior JBL-400 series,such as the self-cycling movable,mosaic and attached to the wind gap air disinfectors,was detected in the simulating field trial and field trial in intensive care units,operating rooms and therapy rooms according to the Disinfection Technique Standards.RESULTS The kill ratio of self-cycling air disinfector in simulating trial was more than 99.9%.After constant air disinfection in the above three kinds of medical divisions,the total bacteria number of static state in these places could reach to the standard of area Ⅱ(≤200 CFU/m3),with 56.8-78.4% dissolution ratio of the natural bacteria.The total bacteria number of dynamic state in these places could reach to the standard of area Ⅱ or area Ⅲ.CONCLUSIONS The JBL-400 series air disinfector has diverse application forms,and disinfects quickly with good effects.It can be used in all kinds of medical divisions.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and sterile effect of low-temperature plasma sterilizer produced by Chinese Academy of Sciences for the sterilization of arthroscope surgical instruments.METHODS To explore the cleaning,package,arrangement and sterile effect monitoring of instruments in the process of arthroscope sterilization using low-temperature plasma sterilizer.RESULTS In the sterilization process of arthroscope surgical instruments using low-temperature plasma sterilizer,the chemical indicators and indicating patch were discolored,the monitoring of bio-box and the sterilization monitoring of surgical instruments were all negative.CONCLUSIONS Using the low-temperature plasma sterilizer machine for the sterilization of endoscope surgical instruments can ensure the security of sterilization,make less injury of precise instruments,shorten the sterilization time,accelerate the surgical turnover,enhance the frequency of surgical instruments application,and increase the efficiency.
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OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water(EOW) on the surface sterilization of indoor environment.METHODS Sterilized the surface of ground,wall,table,mob and thermostat-controlled water-bath in cell culture room and good laboratory practice(GLP) with EOW,then to draw the materials and culture with culture dish for 48 h in a 37℃ incubator,and count the colony number.Sterilization method and grouping: group A treated as a control,group B sterilized with EOW,group C sterilized with ultraviolate ray for 30 min and group D first treated with ultraviolate ray for 30 min,then sterilized with EOW.RESULTS In group A,the bacteria were overgrew and formed flakiness in 10/10 culture dishes;1 colony was formed in group B,the sterilization effective rate was 90%.The bacteria culture of group C found no bacteria growing after sterilization with ultraviolate ray,however,sample from surface and culture after sterilization were seen bacteria,though the number of bacteria was less than group A.The bacteria culture outcome of group D was negative.CONCLUSIONS The EOW has a good sterilization effect,it is safe and untoxic,costly cheap and convenient to use,and fit to claim of environmental protection.
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OBJECTIVE To give experimental basis for further investigation on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm resistance,we investigated the erythromycin repression of the planktonic,resuspended and biofilm cells.METHODS log Reduction of the planktonic,resuspended and biofilm cells of S.epidermidis strain 1457 and wild isolate S 68 was tested under 100 MIC erythromycin.The cells inside biofilm were observed by transmission electron microscope.RESULTS log Reduction of the planktonic and resuspended cells of S.epidermidis 1457 were 5.56?0.11 and 5.28?0.08,respectively,after 4h under 100 MIC erythromycin,which was higher than that of biofilm cells(P0.05).The tendency of the log reduction of isolate S 68 was the same as that of strain 1457.The cells of biofilm without erythromycin were spherical and of even distributed,but the swelling,liquefied cells and cell debris were observed in the biofilm with erythromycin after 12h.The arrangement of cells inside biofilm with erythromycin was looser than that without erythromycin.CONCLUSIONS The erythromycin resistance of biofilm cells is higher.Biofilm can give protection for the bacteria to avoid the killing of action by antibiotics.
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OBJECTIVE To strengthen the cleaning and disinfection management for endoscope to fulfil the specification.METHODS The management of cleaning and disinfection of the endoscopes were to be improved by methods of education,inspection,condition improvement and perfect institution.RESULTS The endoscopes which were disinfected were all reached the standards.CONCLUSIONS It is important to strengthen the cleaning and disinfection management for endoscopes.
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OBJECTIVE To attend to the importance and issues of using the enzyme cleaner for the reprocessing of medical instrument. METHODS The principle, usage, precautions, and the selection of enzyme cleaner were analyzed. RESULTS The cleaning of the medical instrument must use the liquid enzyme detergent that has the following characters: clear solution, no or low foam, free rinsing, flexibilities to the water temperature, and no limitation to the water quality. CONCLUSIONS For successful cleaning of the medical instrument the use of the high-quality enzyme cleaner is required. A complete cleaning of the medical instrument is the first step to assure the quality of disinfection, sterilization, and the infection control.
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OBJECTIVE To develop the nosocomial infection information management subsystem,as a subsystem of the hospital information system,and to enhance the monitoring methods of hospital infections. It can monitor and provide necessary infection information for all administers of the hospitals. METHODS After collecting the data of hospital infections and analyzing the datum structure of the hospital information system,we developed the software of nosocomial infection information management subsystem using PowerBuilder9.0 and Oracle Database. RESULTS The subsystem could monitor infection of all inpatients,collect and analyze the data of infection examination,patients infected,usage of antibiotics and intervening operations,therefore,relieve information administers from collection works and make them focus on analysis,guidance and problem solutions. CONCLUSIONS As a part of the hospital information system,nosocomial infection information management subsystem can improve the effectivity and efficiency of hospital infection administers due to its accuracy,timeliness and wide coverage.
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OBJECTIVE To select applicable air disinfectors that can be used at indoor dynamic state to disinfect air in hospital.METHODS Some different air disinfectors were installed different volumetric rooms.To detect indoor air bacterial content before and after running the air disinfectors at quiet state and dynamic state.To evaluate the disinfection effect of these air disinfectors according to the eliminateion rates.RESULTS At quiet state,the indoor bacteria eliminateion rate exceed 90% after the air disinfectors running 0.5h.So the disinfection were qualified.At dynamic state,these air disinfectors showed good lasting disinfection effect.CONCLUSIONS The air disinfectors solve the problem of indoor air disinfection at dynamic state.It is imperative that select and use exactly the air(disinfectors) to get good disinfection effect.
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OBJECTIVE To analysis the effect of air disinfection by using nanometer light catalysis decontamination machine in operating room. METHODS By compare the effectiveness of air disinfection both by using nanometer light catalysis decontamination machine and ultraviolet rays light. RESULTS The result of tests is 0 CFU/m~2 by nanometer light catalysis decontamination machine and 33.3 CFU/m~2 by ultraviolet rays light in unmanned environment;By different groups: F=220.423,P=0.000,P
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OBJECTIVE To strengthen occupational safety and health(OSH) management of medical service. METHODS To analyze actuality of OSH management and internal and international laws and regulations for OSH management,and give the proposition of its construction. RESULTS On the basis of the requirement,a set of OSH management scheme was established. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative that construct occupational safety and health management laws and regulations and system in medical service.They are pacing factors for physical and mental health of medical members.
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OBJECTIVE To probe into the new method to improve medical environment,and reduce hospital infection causing by the environmental factors.METHODS Using the nanometer photocatalysis technology clinically,to analyze the bacteriostatic effect of medical environment.RESULTS After use of the nanometer photocatalysis spraying material the surface sterilization effect was obvious on the three kinds of environmental objects.The withering away rate of bacterium on the object with total surface was 23.75-38.30%;the vertical surface bacterium withers away rate was 48.77-87.97%,the horizontal surface bacterium withers away rate was 12.50-77.20%,the air bacterium withering away rate was 1.52-60.00%.CONCLUSIONS The nanometer photocatalysis technology to sterilize and purify the medical environment has very good perspectives.
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OBJECTIVE To confirm the clinical disinfection effect of acidity electrolyzed oxidizing water(AEOW).METHODS According to the standards of disinfection techniques supplied by Health Ministry of China,the disinfection effect of health care worker,object surfaces and medical apparatus and instrument were investigated.RESULTS The log reduction of the bacteria on the hands,object surfaces and medical instruments were more than 1.00.The number of the bacteria on the endoscopes were 0-2 CFU per piece on average.No pathogenic bacteria were detected out.The disinfection effect of each experimental group was qualified.CONCLUSIONS The field disinfection effect of AEOW is accepted.