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Objective To compare the cognitive functions and behavioral and psychological symptoms between Parkinson disease with dementia(PDD)and Alzheimer disease(AD). Methods Seventy-five cases with AD and 63 cases with PDD were recruited in this study. The mini mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA)and activities of daily living scale (ADL)were used to evaluate the cognitive impairment.The Chinese version of neuropsychiatric questionnaire(CNPI)was used to measure behavioral and psychological symptoms. Results ①Cognitive assessments:there were no statistically significant differences in total MMSE scores,total MoCA scores,total CNPI scores and ADL scores between AD patients and PDD patients (P>0.05).The sub-items of MoCA showed that memory loss was more severe in AD patients(2.17±0.65)than in PDD patients(2.44±0.50)(P<0.01).Visuospatial/executive dysfunction was more severe in PDD patients(3.73±0.70)than in AD patients(4.01±0.76)(P<0.05).②The items of CNPI showed that ADD patients had lower scores in the items of CNPI compared with the PDD patients (15.31±3.16 vs 19.41±3.52). The sub-items of CNPI showed that the most common mental symptoms in PDD patients were hallucination, depression, and agitation, which were 55.6%, 54%, and 52.4%, respectively Compared with the AD patients (P<0.05). On the contrary, compared with PDD patients, the most common mental symptoms were anxiety, apathy and irritability in AD patients, which were 53.3%, 52% and 49.3%, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with AD and PDD exhibit different characteristics in cognitive functions and behavioral and psychological symptoms.Neuropsychological tests combined with clinical history can be helpful for differentiation between AD and PDD in dementia patients.
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We measured the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ABI in 97 ischemic stroke patients and 93 control subjects to investigate the relationship between baPWV, ABI and risk factors of ischemic stroke. The stroke patients were grouped according to the results of MRA and Carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound. The correlation of baPWV and ABI to the arteriosclerosis was discussed. There was a significant difference in the patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, baPWV and ABI between ischemic stroke patients and control subjects. baPWV was the most sensitive risk factor for ischemic stroke. ABI and diabetes mellitus were the relatively sensitive risk factors for ischemic stroke. baPWV were found to have a positive correlation with common carotid arteriosclerosis (gamma=0.215, P=0.048), while ABI had a negative correlation with intracranial arteriosclerosis (gamma=-0.237, P<0.05). BaPWV and ABI may closely relate to severity of ischemic stroke. Simple measurements of baPWV and ABI in patients could be a useful tool for evaluating the risk of ischemic stroke.
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ankle , Ankle Brachial Index , Arteriosclerosis , Blood Flow Velocity , Brachial Artery , Brain , Pathology , Brain Ischemia , Carotid Arteries , Pulsatile Flow , Pulse , Risk Factors , Stroke , DiagnosisABSTRACT
Objective To analyze infarcts distribution and vascular malformation in patients with multiple infarcts in the posterior circulation and to investigate their correlation with the disease prognosis.Methods Thirty-four patients who had more than one infarct in the posterior circulation as shown on MRI were enrolled in the study.The digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of aortic arch and whole brain were performed on all patients and the images were analyzed and re-evaluated by two senior clinicians respectively.All the patients were assessed using Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) at discharge and correlation of infarcts distribution and vascular malformation with prognosis was evaluated.Results Infarct lesions most often involved pons (22 patients) and the middle (pons and anterior inferior cerebellum) plus distal territories (rostral brainstem, superior cerebellum and occipital and temporal lobes, 12 patients).Vascular abnormality was found in 76.5% (26/34) of the patients.The common vascular lesions involved vertebral artery (14 patients), intracranial vertebral artery (13 patients) and basilar artery (7 patients).The incidence of poor prognosis was 20.6% with 17.6% the severe disability rate and 2.9% the mortality rate.Patients with multiple lesions in proximal, middle and distal territories or basilar artery were likely to have poor prognosis.Conclusion Vascular abnormality is the main etiological factor for multiple infarcts in the posterior circulation.Infarcts distribution and the location of vascular lesions were key factors in predicting prognosis.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using autologous multi-strands of hamstring tendon.Method From May 2002 to Dec.2006,arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using multi-strands of hamstring tendon was performed on 39 patients.Among them,28 cases were followed up for 7 to 48 months(average 13.5±2.3 months).Result The median Lysholm knee score was improved from 47.3±3.6 to 91.3±2.9 after operation.Conclusion Arthruscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using muhi-strands of hamstring tendons is a good alternative method with minimal invasion and convenient tendon harvesting and fewer complication and reliable clinical effect.
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BACKGROUND: Composite with different ratios has various elastic noduli, and this can cause stress protection in implanted body so as to influence on biological integration between composite and host bone and plerosis of bone defection.OBJECTIVE: To measure elastic modulus of tissue engineering bone made of composite between true bone ceramic (TBC) granule and bone cement (BC) and provide experimental data for repairing bone defection at various sites.DESIGN: Controlled study.SETTING: Military Institute of Bone Tumor, Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Military Institute of Bone Tumor, Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical niversity of Chinese PLA from August 2002 to March 2003. Ten Kunming mice,weighing 10-15 g, of both genders, were selected in this study. Fresh longtubular cortical bone of 1-year calf, 6 samples of spongy bone at inferior extremity and 6 samples at iddle femur of fresh corpse were also selected in this study.METHODS: Bovine bone morphogenetic protein (bBMP) was xtracted to measure osteogenic-induced activity and make TBC granule. bBMP was mixed with TBC as the ratio of 1:25, and then with BC as the ratios of 0:10, 4:6, 5:5,6:4 and 7.5:2.5. In addition, elastic modulus of tissue engineering bone made of TBC-BC composite was measured and compared with elastic modulus of femur and spongy bone of normal adult males.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurement and comparison of elastic modulus.RESULTS: Elastic modulus of composite containing 60% TBC (Ratio between TBC and BC was 6:4) was no significantly different from that of spongy bone at inferior extremity of femur of normal adult males (P ＞ 0.05),but other comparisons of every two subjects were significant difference [femur of the adults: (6.216 7±0.222 9) Mpa; spongy bone: (1.351 7±0.306 9) Mpa;TBC/BC (0:10): (5.710 0±0.166 3) Mpa; TBC/BC (4:6): (3.510 1±0.205 0) Mpa;TBC/BC (5:5): (2.004 1±0.150 0) Mpa; TBC/BC (6:4): (1.501 8±0.005 7) Mpa;TBC/BC (7.5:2.5): (0.900 4±0.025 1) Mpa, P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: Elastic modulus of composite containing 60% tissue engineering bone made of TBC-BC composite is similar to that of spongy bone at inferior extremity of femur of adult males. The composite can be used to repair bone defection near by articular facet so as to prevent from articular degeneration.
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Objective: To explore the state of mental health level of students in private college.Methods Private college students in Xi'an were tested with SCL-90,and the results were compared to those in domestic general college norm.Results: The mental health level of private college students is worse than that of general college students.Further more,there is also remarkable difference of the mental health level between new students with the junior and senior college students.Conclusion: The mental health state of private college students is not optimistic and should be taken seriously by the department responsible.For improve the mental health level of the private college students,the works and mental guides should be strengthened in private college.
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0.05). However, egg production (0.37?0.22 egg/hen? day) and feed efficiency(0.21 ?0.11 egg kg/feed kg) in group 4(FSD) increased 54.2% and 61.5% respectively. The results from this study showed that egg cholesterol significantly decreased when laying hens were fed fiber-sequestrant.