Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Insomnia Symptoms in Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder: Prevalence, Clinical Correlates, and the Relationship With Psychiatric Medications Use

Objective@#Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and insomnia symptoms are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), which might lead to a poor prognosis and an increased risk of depression relapse. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence, and sociodemographic and clinical correlates of EDS and insomnia symptoms among adolescents with MDD. @*Methods@#The sample of this cross-sectional study included 297 adolescents (mean age=15.26 years; range=12–18 years; 218 females) with MDD recruited from three general and four psychiatric hospitals in five cities (Hefei, Bengbu, Fuyang, Suzhou, and Ma’anshan) in Anhui Province, China between January and August, 2021. EDS and insomnia symptoms, and clinical severity of depressive symptoms were assessed using Epworth sleepiness scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Clinical Global Impression-Severity. @*Results@#The prevalence of EDS and insomnia symptoms in adolescents with MDD was 39.7% and 38.0%, respectively. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that EDS symptoms were significantly associated with higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR]=1.097, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.027–1.172), more severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.313, 95% CI=1.028–1.679), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors use (OR=2.078, 95% CI=1.199–3.601). And insomnia symptoms were positively associated with female sex (OR=1.955, 95% CI=1.052–3.633), suicide attempts (OR=1.765, 95% CI=1.037–3.005), more severe depressive symptoms (OR=2.031, 95% CI=1.523–2.709), and negatively associated with antipsychotics use (OR=0.433, 95% CI=0.196–0.952). @*Conclusion@#EDS and insomnia symptoms are common among adolescents with MDD. Considering their negative effects on the clinical prognosis, regular screening and clinical managements should be developed for this patient population.

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of4Therapeutic Regimens for Cervicitis of Chlamydia Trachomatis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 4 different therapeutic regimens for cervicitis of chlamydia trachomatis.METHODS:4therapeutic regimens including regimen A(azithromycin by oral administration),regimen B(azithromycin by intravenous injection),regimen C(minocycline by oral administration),regimen D(levofloxacin and de?oxycycline by oral administration)were analyzed using cost-effectiveness analysis.RESULTS:The total costs of A,B,C,D4regimens were(645.20?109.56)yuan,(933.10?249.90)yuan,(413.14?38.04)yuan,and(489.00?83.60)yuan respective?ly;The effective rate were96.2%,98.6%,93.4%and94.1%respectively;The ratios of cost to effectiveness were6.71,9.46,4.42,and5.19respectively;As compared with regimen C,the incremental cost effectiveness ratios for regimen A,B and D were82.88,99.99,and108.37respectively.CONCLUSION:Regimen C is the preferable one.

Analysis of Drug Use of the Import Drugs in10 Hospital of ShenYang during the Period of2001～2003 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To objectively evaluate the conditions of the import d rugs so as to provide a basis for the rea?sonable regulating of drug use structure.METHODS:The data about the sales sum,drug variety,pharmaco-categorization,antimicrobial drugs and so on of drugs used in10hospital of Shenyang during2001～2003were analyzed statistical?ly.RESULTS:The variety kinds and the proportion of sales sum to the total of the import drugs have decreased;The antimi?crobial drugs remained a dominating place in terms of drug variety and sales sum for the3years in succession;The drugs that dominated the first10places in terms of sales sum accounted for above70%of the total sales sum of antimicrobial drugs for the3years.CONCLUSION:The import drugs have been replaced by drugs from the joint venture and the domestic markets,it is necessary for the concerned institution to take effective measures to tackle the problem of over-centered drugs use of antimi?crobials.