Synthesis and evaluation for anti-HCoV-OC43 activity of novel aloperine derivatives with different core structures / 药学学报

In this study, we designed and synthesized 12 novel aloperine derivatives with different core structures. Among them, compound 3 with a ten-membered ring core was obtained through a special ring expansion reaction after γ-H Huffman elimination of quaternary ammonium salt, and the structure was verified by X-single crystal diffraction. Furthermore, their antiviral activity against human β-coronavirus HCoV-OC43 was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Quaternary ammonium salt 2a and 3 had a good inhibitory effect against HCoV-OC43, and 2a had the highest anti-HCoV-OC43 activity with an EC50 values of 3.77 μmol·L-1 and a SI value of over 53.1. Schrӧdinger molecular docking results showed that both 2a and 3 might display their anti-HCoV-OC43 activity by directly acting on host TMPRSS2 and SR-B1. The results expanded the structural types of endocyclic aloperine and the function against coronavirus, and provided useful scientific data for the development of pharmaceutical applications of these compounds.

Analysis of the re-entry status of voluntary blood donors with single reagent reactivity in Hohhot / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To statistically analyze the re-entry test and blood re-donation of HBV, HCV, TP and HIV single-reagent reactive blood donors in Hohhot from 2019 to 2021, so as to demonstrate the rationality, feasibility and necessity of the re-entry strategy of voluntary blood donors in Hohhot, and provide theoretical support for further standardizing of the reentry of blood donors. 【Methods】 A total of 225 samples of blood donors who applied for re-entry in Hohhot from 2019 to 2021 were collected, and HBV, HCV and HIV were tested by two reagent serological tests and nucleic acid tests. TP anti-TP was detected by two reagent serological methods. The test results were all non-reactive and met the requirements of re-entry. The blood donation status of blood donors after re-entry was followed up and analyzed. 【Results】 Among the 225 cases detected for HBV, HCV, TP and HIV from 2019 to 2021 in Hohhot, 178 were qualified for the returning, with a re-entry rate of 79.11%, and 75 donated blood again, with a after re-entry re-donation rate of 42.13%. 【Conclusion】 The strategy of returning for HBV, HCV, TP and HIV single reagent reactive blood donors in Hohhot is effective, and has positive significance for safeguarding the rights and interests of blood donors and alleviating regional blood supply shortages.

Advances in researches on neoadjuvant therapy for resectable colorectal liver metastasis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Surgery is recognized as the core treatment for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM), while its recurrence rate remains relatively high, even for resectable CRLM. This hints that the efficacy of treatment involves not only technological factors of surgery, but also biological behavior of tumor. For resectable CRLM, neoadjuvant therapy is beneficial to eliminate the micro-metastasis, reduce postoperative recurrence rate, screen tumor biological behavior and improve prognosis. However, questions about which kind of CRLM patients fits for neoadjuvant therapy and what regimen should be used are still debatable. This paper reviews stratified management of resectable CRLM, choice of neoadjuvant regimen, especially the application value of targeted therapy, based on the latest guidelines and studies.

Optical coherence tomography observation of retinal paravascular abnormalities in young myopic population / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the abnormal clinical manifestations of retinal blood vessels and the characteristic image characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in young myopia.Methods:A case observation study. From July to December 2020, 523 young patients with different myopia refractive powers who were treated in Department of Ophthalmology of The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were included in the study. Among them, 277 were males and 246 were females; the median age was 19.0 (5.0) years. All the affected eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), frequency domain OCT (SD-OCT) examination and axial length (AL) measurement. The BCVA examination was performed using the Snellen eye chart. The median myopia refractive power of the affected eye was 5.00 (3.25) D. Among them, low myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia were 227, 405, and 414 eyes, respectively. The average AL of the affected eye was 25.6±2.8 mm. The frequency domain OCT instrument was used to scan the temporal side of the retina, the upper and lower nasal vascular arches and the macular fovea radially. The images of retinal vascular cysts, microfolds, and lamellar hole were acquired and stored. The prevalence, composition ratio, distribution rule and OCT imaging characteristics of retinal paravascular abnormalities were observed and analyzed. The distribution of paravascular abnormalities in the retina was compared by the χ2 test; the age, refractive power, and AL of different paravascular abnormalities were compared by the K-W rank sum test. Results:Of the 1046 different diopters of myopic eyes, there were 227 eyes in mild myopia, 405 eyes in moderate myopia and 414 eyes in high myopia. Retinal paravascular abnormalities were detected by SD-OCT in 40 eyes (3.8%,40/1046). The prevalence of retinal paravascular abnormalities in moderate myopia was 0.7% (3/405) and high myopia was 8.9% (37/414). No retinal paravascular abnormalities were observed in mild myopia.Retinal paravascular cysts in 40 eyes (3.8%, 40/1046), retinal paravascular microfolds in 28 eyes (2.7%, 28/1046) and retinal paravascular lamellar holes in 13 eyes (1.2%, 13/1046). Of 40 eyes with retinal paravascular abnormalities, retinal paravascular cysts in all 40 eyes (100.0%, 40/40), retinal paravascular microfolds in 28 eyes (70.0%, 28/40) and retinal paravascular lamellar holes in 13 eyes (32.5%, 13/40). Twelve eyes with simple cyst cavity (30.0%, 12/40); 15 eyes were with cyst cavity with micro-wrinkles (37.5%, 15/40); 13 eyes were with cyst cavity, micro-wrinkles and lamellar holes (32.5%, 13/40). The temporal vascular arch retinal paravascular cysts ( χ2=25.664), microfolds ( χ2=14.973), and lamellar holes ( χ2=13.499) were significantly more than those on the nasal side, and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.001). Conclusions:The total prevalence of retinal paravascular abnormalities in young myopia is 3.8%; it can occur in both moderate and high myopia. The paravascular cyst may be the earliest pathology of paravascular abnormalities in the retina. The three paravascular abnormalities are mostly distributed along the temporal arch of the retina.

Transmastoidslotted labyrinthotomy approach cochlear implantation with customized electrode for patients with common cavity deformity / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To discuss the benefit of using transmastoid slotted labyrinthotomy approach (TSLA) and customized electrode for common cavity deformity (CCD) patients, and to evaluate the audiological outcomes.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of the intraoperative monitoring data and postoperative auditory outcomes of 10 CCD cases who received cochlear implantation in Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University from April 2016 to December 2017, was conducted using TSLA and customized electrod as a test group.At the same time, 10 cases of age and gender matched children with severe or severe sensorineural hearing loss and normal inner ear structures were recorded as a control group. Four questionnaires were collected from the two groupspre-operative, 6 months and 1 year after start-up. The Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to compare the scores of different time points. Rank sum test of two independent samples was used to compare the scores between different groups.@*Results@#None of the patients exhibited CSF leakage or facial paralysis after operation. The average impedance of 8 CCD children in the experimental group was below 5 kΩ. The total extraction rate of auditory neural response telemetry (ART) of all stimulating electrodes was 55% (33/60), and the amplitude of the electricity induced complex action potential (ECAP) of electrodes at different positions ranged from 50.69 to 170.3 μV.The average surgical time of the TSLA group was 46.4 min, shorter than the traditional approach.There was significant difference between the scores of pre-operative, 6 months and 1 year after start-up for the TSLA group(categories of auditory performance,CAP: 2.0 (2.0,3.0) vs. 4.0 (3.8,4.0) , Z=-3.109, P=0.002; speech intelligibility rating,SIR: 2.0 (2.0,2.3) vs. 3.0 (2.8,4.0) , Z=-2.952, P=0.003; meaningful use of speech scale,MUSS: 4.0 (3.3,6.0) vs. 9.0 (6.0,11.8) , Z=-3.421, P=0.001; meaningful auditory integration scale, MAIS or infant-toddler and meaningful auditory integration scale, IT-MAIS: 5.5 (3.8,9.0) vs. 15.5 (10.8,18.5) , Z=-3.522, P=0.000 for the latter two).In addition, The scores of the TSLA group were significantly worse than the control group at 6 months and 1 year after start-up.The high-resolution CT scan showed good adhesion of the electrodes without displacementone week and one year after surgery.@*Conclusions@#For CCD patients, TSLA and customized electrode is recommended due to lower surgical difficulty and post-operative risk, shortened surgical time; Intraoperative ART monitoring can be used to determine the integrity of the auditory pathway. Children with common cavity deformity have a longer period of auditory rehabilitation, and the individual differences in speech rehabilitation are significantly different, which is significantly worse than those with normal structure.

Role of PD-1/PD-L1 in microenvironment of breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), as a checkpoint of the immune signaling pathway, is a hotspot in the field of immuno-oncology. Its binding with ligand (PD-L1) is an important negative regulatory mechanism. Application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in treatments of breast cancer is still being explored at present. Fully understanding the mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 in the microenvironment of breast cancer will help their inhibitors play a full role. This review will start with the discovery of PD-1 and PD-L1, describe their main signaling pathways, introduce the common types and applications of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, especially in breast cancer, summarize the basic research of PD-1 and PD-L1 in breast cancer microenvironment in recent years, and seek new strategies of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in breast cancer treatment.

Long-term results of endolymphatic sac mastoid drainage for Ménière disease / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

To investigate the long-term efficacy of endolymphatic sac mastoid drainage for Ménière disease.Data from 26 patients diagnosed with MD strictly meeting the criteria issued by " Guideline of diagnosis and treatment of Meniere disease(2017)" from 2006 to 2015 were analyzed in this study.Endolymphatic sac mastoid shunt surgery was performed for each patient.The therapeutic effect was evaluated against the " Guideline of diagnosis and treatment of Meniere disease(2017)".Vertigo control and auditory function were measured after at least two years follow up.In 26 cases,16 cases were male and 10 cases were femaleThe age ranged from 24 to 71 years old,with an average of 52.04 years.The disease duration ranged from 1 to 32 years.22 cases were diagnosed as unilateral Ménière disease,and bilateral involvement was identified in 4 cases,thus a total of 30 ears were included.According to the preoperative staging of hearing,there were 0 cases in stage one,5 cases in stage two,16 in stage three and 9 cases in stage four.15 cases(57.7%)achieved class A vertigo conrol(complete control),9 cases(34.6%)class B(substantial control)and 2 cases(7.7%)class D(no control).The severity of vertigo and its impact on daily life were improved in 24 cases(92.3%)with a score of 0 point,and 2 cases(7.7%)scored 2 points.Post-operative hearing was improved in 3 cases(11.5%),unchanged in 16 cases(61.6%)and worsened in 7 cases(26.9%).After operation,tinnitus disappeared in 5 cases(19.2%),reduced in 13 case(50%)and unchanged in 8 cases(30.8%).Endolymphatic sac mastoid drainage was an effective and safe management for intractable Ménière disease patients with pre-operative residual hearing.The occurrence of complication was unsual.The patients who are in stage four could gain benifits from the surgery.

Imaging features of breast echinococcus granulosus / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To demonstrate the X-ray and CT features of breast hydatid disease.Methods Of 11 patients with pathologically confirmed breast Echinococcus hydatid disease were collected and the X-ray and CT image data were analyzed.Results Of 11 patients with hydatid cysts,single cyst was found in 9 patients which one cyst was ruptured due to trauma,multiple cyst in 2 patients.Mammography showed small or large shadow in different size,with low or high density and smooth margin.Calcification was found in 5 and 2 patients with egg shell-like calcification along the wall of cyst,3 patients with spotted calcification within cyst.One case had cavity-like change (annular solar eclipse sign).Cystic lesion with a complete capsule was demonstrated on CT scan in 1 patient.Conclusion Molybdenum target mammography can accurately display the imaging characteristics of hydatid cyst and improve the diagnostic ability of breast hydatid cyst in combination with clinical and epidemiological data.

Cutaneous nerve morphology and protease activated receptor 2 expression in pruritic skin lesions of atopic dermatitis / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To study the role of cutaneous nerve and protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2)in the development of pruritus in atopic dermatitis(AD).Methods Dermal sheets were prepared from chronically pruritic skin lesions of 7 patients with AD,as well as from the normal skin of 7 healthy human controls.Double labeled immunofluorescence was performed using mouse anti-protein gene product 9.5(PGP9.5)monoclonal antibody and rabbit anti-substance P(SP)polyclonal antibody to observe the morphological changes in cutaneous nerve fibers,and Image-Pro Plus 6 software was used to semiquantitively assess the length,diameter of nerve fibers,integral optimal density of PAR2 and SP in dermal sheets.Results Immunofluoresence double staining showed that PAR2 co-expressed with PGP9.5 or SP in cutaneous nerve fibers.Compared with the normal control skin,both the total length and average diameter of PGP 9.5-expressing nerve fibers were increased(11051.8±1900.9 μm vs 7264.0±2659.9 μm,4.23±0.15 μm vs 3.95±0.15 μm,both P＜0.01)in pruritic lesions,while only the average diameter of SP-expressing nerve fibers was up-regulated(3.99±0.20 μm vs 3.80±0.07 μm,P＜0.05),and the total length of them remained unchanged(4304.7±1455.0 μm vs 3380.0±1735.4 μm,P＞0.05).Also,increased integral optimal density was observed for SP and PAR in pruritic lesions in comparison with the normal control skin (27.71±16.52 vs 12.63±4.31.35.99±8.63 vs 22.69±9.56.both P＜0.05).Conclusion Our results indicate a hyper-plasia of cutaneous nerve fibers in chronic itchv skin lesions of AD and an increase in the expression of PAR2 and SP in the cutaneous nerve fibers,suggesting that the signal enhancement in PAR2 pathway may be related to the mechanism of pruritus in patients with AD.

How to establish the hospital information system security policies / 中国医疗器械杂志

It is important to establish the hospital information system security policies. While these security policies are being established, a comprehensive consideration should be given to the acceptable levels of users, IT supporters and hospital managers. We should have a formal policy designing process that is consistently followed by all security policies. Reasons for establishing the security policies and their coverage and applicable objects should be stated clearly. Besides, each policy should define user's responsibilities and penalties of violation. Every organization will need some key policies, such as of information sources usage, remote access, information protection, perimeter security, and baseline host/device security. Security managing procedures are the mechanisms to enforce the policies. An incident-handling procedure is the most important security managing procedure for all organizations.

Analysis of expansion degree of seeds of Plantaginis and their processed products / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the affection factors to expansion degree of seeds of Plantaginis caused by different processing methods.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Determination of expansion degree and analysis by gel chromatography.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The values of expansion degree were decreased and the structures of polysaccharides were changed for the processed products compared with their crude seeds.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The polysaccharies in seeds of Plantaginis were degraded after toasted without additive and roasted with salt, which further affected the expansion degree.</p>

Some malpractices in application of computed radiography / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To improve the CR image quality and to promote the digital image standard constitution by analyzing the common problems and malpractiees in application of computed radiography. Methods Phenomenon and reasons of 107 CR junk-films from nine three-"A"-hospitals were analyzed, discussed,recorded,and statistised by 20 radiologists,radiographers and engineers.Results Among 107 junk fihns,there are 36 cases(33.64%)of incorrect operations,29 cases(27.10%)of artifacts in reading and transferring the data of IP,15 cases(14.02%)of artifacts in IP system,and 13 cases (12.15%)of selection of inappropriate radiographic parameters,and 9 eases(8.41%)of printer-failures, and 5 eases(4.67%)of inappropriate post-processing techniques.By analyzing the reasons of 107 junk films we found that 60.74% were due to less responsibilities and incorrect operations,and 35.51% were due to new problems in CR techniques,and other were due to inappropriate post-processing techniques. Conclusion Responsibilities,operation regulations,digital image quality standards,studying of new techniques and appropriate use of the post-processing techniques are the key points for improving the CR image quality and the diagnosis level.

Diagnostic Value of Breast Galactography in Nipple Discharge Diseases / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the value of galactography in diagnosis of nipple discharge diseases. Methods Galactographies in 101 cases with nipple discharge confirmed by operation and pathology were analyzed restrospectively. Results There were breast duct ectasia in 23 cases, breast cystic hyperplasia in 12 cases , ductal inflammation in 8 cases, intraductal papilloma in 46 cases, ductal carcinoma in 9 cases, ductal tuberculosis in 1 case and normal duct in 2 cases. Conclusion The galactography is beneficial in diagnosis of the pathogenesis of galactorrhea and is of great value in differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions.