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Objective To understand the prevalence of alcohol drinking and influencing factors in female adults in China.Methods At the 150 survey sites where 2010-2012 Chinese nutrition and health surveillance was conducted,a face to face questionnaire survey was conducted in female adults selected through multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling.Sample weights was assigned to each participant based on the study design by using national population census data in 2009.The complex sampling and unconditional multivariate logistics regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors for the prevalence of alcohol drinking in the female adults.Results A total of 75 518 participants were included in this study.The prevalence of drinking in female adults was 13.9％ (95％CI:11.7-16.2) in urban area and 13.3％ (95％CI:9.4-17.2) in rural area.The prevalence of frequent drinking was 13.9％ (95％CI:9.9-17.9) in women in urban area and 14.2％ (95％CI:10.8-17.6) in women in rural area.The prevalence of excessive drinking was 11.1％ (95％CI:7.5-14.8) in women in urban area and 12.8％ (95％CI:9.1-16.4) in women in rural area.The prevalence of wine drinking in women in urban area was significantly higher than in women in rural and had positive correlation with income and education levels.The social and economic factors influencing drinking behavior of the female adults included occupation,drinking behaviors of family members and smoking behavior.Those who were engaged in agriculture,production and transportation (OR=0.72,95％CI:0.56-0.94,P=0.016),housework (OR=0.59,95％CI:0.44-0.78,P＜0.001) and other work (OR=0.61,95％CI:0.43-0.85,P=0.004) had lower drinking prevalence.Whereas those whose family members had drinking behavior (0R=2.66,95％ CI:2.17-3.26,P＜0.001) and those who were current smokers (OR=4.32,95％CI:2.95-6.34,P＜0.01) had higher drinking prevalence.Conclusions The prevalence of drinking,frequent alcohol drinking and excessive drinking were relatively low in female adults in China.Occupation,drinking behaviors of family members and smoking behavior were the main factors influencing the prevalence drinking behavior in female adults in China.
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Objective To explore the relationship between meat consumption and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese adults aged ≥18 years.Methods The data were obtained from 2010-2012 National Nutrition and Health Survey.A total of 34 923 subjects who completed the dietary survey,the physical examination and had the testing results of blood sugar and blood lipid levels were enrolled in this study.MS was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of China Diabetes Society 2013.The prevalence ratios of MS and each form of MS and related 95％CI were calculated after post stratification weight according to the population data (2009) released by the national bureau of statistics.Results The average meat intake among subjects was 94.8 g/d.People who had meat consumption between 100 g/d and 199 g/d had the lowest prevalence of MS,abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia.As the meat consumption increased,the prevalence of MS in men increased.Men who had meat consumption of ≥300 g/d had a higher risk of MS than those who had low level of meat consumption,with prevalence ratio equaled to 1.46 (95％CI:1.14 ～ 1.87).Similar trend was not observed in women.Conclusion Moderate intake of meat is associated with reduced risk of MS in Chinese adults.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of alcohol drinking in 20-79 years old males with different educational backgrounds and smoking behaviors in different areas of China.Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling survey was conducted in 150 surveillance sites in 2010-2012 Chinese nutrition and health surveillance in China.At least 1 000 subjects were selected in each surveillance site.Alcohol drinking prevalence and pattern information were collected by using personal health and food frequency questionnaire in face to face interviews.Results A total of 60 791 males aged 20-79 years were surveyed.The prevalence of alcohol drinking was 57.8％ (58.3％ in rural area,57.3％ in urban area).The mean daily alcohol intake level was 32.7 g (33.3 g in rural area,32.1 g in urban area).The rate of almost drinking every day and daily alcohol intake level were highest among males aged 50-59 years.Mean daily alcohol intake level,rate of almost drinking every day and excessive drinking decreased with the increase of education level.Non-smokers had higher rate of never drinking and lower prevalence of drinking and excessive drinking,lower mean daily alcohol intake level,and lower rate of almost drinking every day compared with current and past smokers.Conclusions Alcohol drinking was common in males aged 20-79 years in China,and,the difference was not obvious between rural residents and urban residents.The differences in daily intake level of different alcohol drinks among males with different characteristics had certain significance.Significant difference in excessive drinking was found among different age groups,those with different education levels and those with different smoking history.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of alcohol drinking and influencing factors in female adults in China.Methods At the 150 survey sites where 2010-2012 Chinese nutrition and health surveillance was conducted,a face to face questionnaire survey was conducted in female adults selected through multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling.Sample weights was assigned to each participant based on the study design by using national population census data in 2009.The complex sampling and unconditional multivariate logistics regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors for the prevalence of alcohol drinking in the female adults.Results A total of 75 518 participants were included in this study.The prevalence of drinking in female adults was 13.9％ (95％CI:11.7-16.2) in urban area and 13.3％ (95％CI:9.4-17.2) in rural area.The prevalence of frequent drinking was 13.9％ (95％CI:9.9-17.9) in women in urban area and 14.2％ (95％CI:10.8-17.6) in women in rural area.The prevalence of excessive drinking was 11.1％ (95％CI:7.5-14.8) in women in urban area and 12.8％ (95％CI:9.1-16.4) in women in rural area.The prevalence of wine drinking in women in urban area was significantly higher than in women in rural and had positive correlation with income and education levels.The social and economic factors influencing drinking behavior of the female adults included occupation,drinking behaviors of family members and smoking behavior.Those who were engaged in agriculture,production and transportation (OR=0.72,95％CI:0.56-0.94,P=0.016),housework (OR=0.59,95％CI:0.44-0.78,P＜0.001) and other work (OR=0.61,95％CI:0.43-0.85,P=0.004) had lower drinking prevalence.Whereas those whose family members had drinking behavior (0R=2.66,95％ CI:2.17-3.26,P＜0.001) and those who were current smokers (OR=4.32,95％CI:2.95-6.34,P＜0.01) had higher drinking prevalence.Conclusions The prevalence of drinking,frequent alcohol drinking and excessive drinking were relatively low in female adults in China.Occupation,drinking behaviors of family members and smoking behavior were the main factors influencing the prevalence drinking behavior in female adults in China.
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Objective To explore the relationship between meat consumption and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese adults aged ≥18 years.Methods The data were obtained from 2010-2012 National Nutrition and Health Survey.A total of 34 923 subjects who completed the dietary survey,the physical examination and had the testing results of blood sugar and blood lipid levels were enrolled in this study.MS was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of China Diabetes Society 2013.The prevalence ratios of MS and each form of MS and related 95％CI were calculated after post stratification weight according to the population data (2009) released by the national bureau of statistics.Results The average meat intake among subjects was 94.8 g/d.People who had meat consumption between 100 g/d and 199 g/d had the lowest prevalence of MS,abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia.As the meat consumption increased,the prevalence of MS in men increased.Men who had meat consumption of ≥300 g/d had a higher risk of MS than those who had low level of meat consumption,with prevalence ratio equaled to 1.46 (95％CI:1.14 ～ 1.87).Similar trend was not observed in women.Conclusion Moderate intake of meat is associated with reduced risk of MS in Chinese adults.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of alcohol drinking in 20-79 years old males with different educational backgrounds and smoking behaviors in different areas of China.Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling survey was conducted in 150 surveillance sites in 2010-2012 Chinese nutrition and health surveillance in China.At least 1 000 subjects were selected in each surveillance site.Alcohol drinking prevalence and pattern information were collected by using personal health and food frequency questionnaire in face to face interviews.Results A total of 60 791 males aged 20-79 years were surveyed.The prevalence of alcohol drinking was 57.8％ (58.3％ in rural area,57.3％ in urban area).The mean daily alcohol intake level was 32.7 g (33.3 g in rural area,32.1 g in urban area).The rate of almost drinking every day and daily alcohol intake level were highest among males aged 50-59 years.Mean daily alcohol intake level,rate of almost drinking every day and excessive drinking decreased with the increase of education level.Non-smokers had higher rate of never drinking and lower prevalence of drinking and excessive drinking,lower mean daily alcohol intake level,and lower rate of almost drinking every day compared with current and past smokers.Conclusions Alcohol drinking was common in males aged 20-79 years in China,and,the difference was not obvious between rural residents and urban residents.The differences in daily intake level of different alcohol drinks among males with different characteristics had certain significance.Significant difference in excessive drinking was found among different age groups,those with different education levels and those with different smoking history.
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Objective@#To investigate the average dietary nutrients intake status among Chinese residents between 2010-2012, and to compare the difference between rural and urban areas.@*Methods@#Data were collected from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance between 2010-2012. Based on regional features and economic development levels, China's county-level divisions were classified into four types: big city, medium and small city, ordinary rural area and poor rural area. A total of 62 857 valid subjects, including 14 017, 16 539, 19 910 and 12 391 respondents in each group separately, were enrolled by Multi-stage stratified proportion to the population cluster random sampling method. The dietary survey was conducted by recalling the 24 h diet in 3 consecutive days and weighting condiment. The daily dietary intake of energy, macronutrient, dietary fiber, vitamin, and mineral substance per resident were calculated based on China Food Composition.@*Results@#The average energy intake per resident in Mainland China was 9 047.1 kJ, with highest (9 719.3 kJ) in poor rural area and lowest (8 490.4 kJ) in medium and small city. The average dietary protein intake was 64.2 g, with highest (73.9 g) in big city and lowest (60.7 g) in poor rural area. The average dietary fat intake was 79.7 g, with highest (89.4 g) in big city and lowest (70.6 g) in poor rural area. The average intake of micronutrients of vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc was separately 441.9 μg, 0.8 mg, 80.1 mg, 364.3 mg, and 21.4 mg; which were lower than Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes. The percentage of population whose average intake of vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium were lower than estimated average requirement was separately 77.0%, 90.2%, 67.7%, and 96.6%.@*Conclusion@#The supply of 3 macronutrient was sufficient in mainland China. However, it was a common issue that there was excessive intake of fat but deficient intake of micronutrients such as vitamin, calcium, iron and zinc. There were differences in nutrition intake among big city, medium and small city, ordinary rural area and poor rural area.
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Objective To investigate the preventive effects of phytosterol on lipid metabolic disturbance of rats fed with high-fat diet. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (fed with basic diet), high-fat model group (fed with high-fat diet), low phytosterol group( fed with high-fat diet and 100 mg/kg phytosterol) and high phytosterol group( fed with high-fat diet and 200 mg/kg phytosterol). Body weight, serum lipid, liver fat and body fat were measured at the end of experiment (6 weeks later). Results At the end of experiment, the body weight, contents of liver fat and body fat and serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in high-fat model group, low phytosterol group and high phytosterol group than those in control group (P <0.05), while serum HDL-C levels in these three groups were significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). Compared with high-fat model group, the body weight gain and content of body fat of high phytosterol group were significantly lower (P <0.05). The contents of liver fat and serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels in low phytosterol group and high phytosterol group were significantly lower than those of high-fat model group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Phytosterol could prevent lipid metabolic disturbance of rats fed with high-fat diet. High dose phytosterol has the potential to reduce the body weight gain and contents of body fat of rats fed with high-fat diet.
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L-carnitine plays an essential role in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids by transporting long chain acyl-coenzyme A into the mitochondrial matrix.Carnitine deficiency may lead to various diseases,including lipid storage myopathies,systemic carnitine deficiency syndrome,cardiomyopathy,obesity,and infertility.This article summarizes the causes of carnitine deficiency and elucidates the clinical features and treatment strategies of its related diseases.