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Objective To study the distribution and evolution of yiiG, a Salmonella gene encoding a candidate type secretedsubstrate .Methods Salmonella genomes were comprehensively screened for yiiG distribution with se-quence alignment strategies .The evolutionary history of yiiG was traced .Comparative genomic analysis was per-formed to study the evolutionary mechanisms of yiiG gene acquisition , loss and duplication .RNA-seq data were combined to analyzing the correlation between yiiG and other virulence factors .A variety of bioinformatic tools were used for discovering the possible type Ⅲsecretion signals .Results yiiG distributed in S.enterica subsp.enterica but variable in other subspecies of S.enterica.No yiiG was found in S.bongori.Besides Salmonella, only a part of Shigella and E.coli strains were detected with yiiG homologs .The genomic locus of yiiG and its adjacency showed conservation among all Salmonella, E.coli and Shigella strains.In most of the serovars of S.enterica subsp.enteri-ca, there was a head-to-head tandem whole yiiG repeat sequence upstream the yiiG gene, which was renamed as yiiGRrc.RNA-seq analysis showed that yiiG gene expression level was highly correlated with T 3SS-related genes . Bioinformatic prediction also indicated the T 3SS effector signals in YiiG N-terminus.Conclusions yiiG represented an ancient genomic locus , which will be a hot spot where rearrangement events frequently happened .The function of yiiG could potentially be related with Salmonella virulence.Finally, a new protein-encoding gene (yiiGRrc) was newly identified that was closely related with yiiG, providing the target for further understanding the composition , function and function variation of yiiG gene family .
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Objective To develop a simple method identifying and illustrating clustered repeats in bacterial ge-nomes, and to observe the patterns of clustered repeats in Salmonella genomes.Methods Bacterial genomes were cut to be overlapped pieces of identical size with a sliding window strategy .Each piece of genome fragment was aligned against itself with BLAT integrated in PipMaker , which was further used to build collinearity figures . Collinearity figures were analyzed to identify the clustered repeats.Results With the new pipeline CRpred ( Clustered Repeat Predicter) , Salmonella typhimurium LT2 genome was screened, and in 151 clustered repeats were disclosed.Pattern analysis on these repeats indicated that there were five categories, including low-copy simple tandem repeats, high-copy simple tandem repeats, interspaced tandem repeats, reverse-complementary re-peats, and interspaced reverse-complementary repeats.Nine repeat regions in LT2 genome were discovered which could not be simply classified into the 5 categories defined above.Conclusions A new, simple and intuitive strategy is proposed to identify and show clustered repeats in genomes , providing clues for CRISPR , VNTR and oth-er repeat-related studies .
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Objective To compare the diagnostic value of shear wave elastography and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in diagnosis of thyroid microcarcinoma.Methods Shear wave elastography and 18F-FDG PET/CT data of patients with thyroid nodules confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive and negative predictive value of the two methods in diagnosis of malignant thyroid micronodules were compared.Results In all of the 48 micronodules,37 were malignant,11 were benign.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of shear wave elastography and 18F-FDG PET/CT were 91.89％ (34/37),81.82％ (9/11),89.58％ (43/48),94.44％ (34/36),75.00％ (9/12) and 29.73％ (11/37),72.73％ (8/11),39.58％ (19/48),78.57％ (11/ 14),23.53％ (8/34),respectively.The sensitivity,accuracy and negative predictive value between the two methods had statistical difference (all P＜0.05),and the specificity and positive predictive value between the two methods had no statistical difference (both P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared to 18F FDG PET/CT imaging,the diagnositic value of shear wave elastography in diagnosis of thyroid microcarcinoma has obvious advantages.
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Purpose To detect the expressions of stress induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) and estrogen receptor-α(ER-α) in papil-lary thyroid carcinoma and to analyse the relationship between STIP1 and ER-α. Methods 54 cases of paraffin-embedded tissues of papillary thyroid carcinoma, 18 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis, 15 cases of Hashimoto’ s thyroiditis, 10 cases of adjacent normal thyroid tissue were collected. The expressions of STIP1 and ER-αwere detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between the expressions and clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma was analyzed. Results The expression of STIP1 and ER-α in papillary thyroid cancer group ( 55. 6% and 44. 4%) were higher than that of normal thyroid group (10% and 0) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis group (8. 3% and 0, all P0. 05). The expressions of STIP1 and ER-α in papillary thyroid carcinoma were not related to patients’ age , tumor location, number of tumors, tumer size, invasion of capsule, the concomitant Hashimoto’ s thyroiditis and TPO-Ab ( all P>0. 05). And the expressions of STIP1 was not related to gender, TG-Ab and the merger of nodular goiter (all P>0. 05). A positive correlation was found between the expressions of STIP1 and ER-αin thyroid papillary carcinoma (P<0. 05). Conclusion STIP1 and ER-α in papillary thyroid carcinoma may be related with lymph node metastasis.
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In view of the fact that medical inspection equipment sold in the domestic market is mainly imported from abroad and very expensive, we developed a full-automatic fluorescence analyzer in our center, presented in this paper. The present paper introduces the hardware architecture design of FPGA/DSP motion controlling card+PC+ STM32 embedded micro processing unit, software system based on C# multi thread, design and implementation of double-unit communication in detail. By simplifying the hardware structure, selecting hardware legitimately and adopting control system software to object-oriented technology, we have improved the precision and velocity of the control system significantly. Finally, the performance test showed that the control system could meet the needs of automated fluorescence analyzer on the functionality, performance and cost.
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Automation, Laboratory , Equipment Design , Fluorescence , SoftwareABSTRACT
Purpose To investigate the c1inicopatho1ogica1 and immunohistochemica1 characteristics of enteropathy-associated T-ce11 1ymphoma( EATL)and to eva1uate the criteria of diagnosis and differentia1 diagnosis. Methods There were enteropathy-associated T-ce11 1ymphoma patients co11ected with c1inica1 data(n=9). Histo1ogica1 features were observed under microscope by HE staining and by immunohistochemstry. EBV was tested by in situ hybridization. Results EATL type Ⅰ showed a variab1e histo1ogy consisting of medium-sized to 1arge 1ymphoid ce11s with round or po1ygona1 nuc1ei,containing remarkab1e nuc1eo1i. EATL typeⅡshowed that tumor ce11s were medium-sized,with round,hyperchromatic nuc1ei. Nuc1ear debris and necrosis cou1d be seen easi1y. A 1arge number of his-tiocytes and neutrophi1s formed the inf1ammatory background. Immunohistochemica1 findings showed that tumor ce11s of two types were diffuse1y positive for CD3,CD43 and TIA-1,whi1e negative for CD4,CD5,CD20,CD79a. Tumor ce11s of EATL type II expressed CD56 and CD8,but negative in EATL typeⅠ. A high pro1iferation index was demonstrated by Ki-67. EBER was negative detection. There were seven patients with fo11ow-up data from 0 to 18 months. Four patients died within 10 months and three patients died within 18 months. Conclusions EATL is a rare type of 1ymphoma with intestina1 invo1vement. Patients often present with chronic abdomina1 pain,diarrhea,persistent fever and abdomina1 mass for a 1ong time. Intestina1 perforation occurs in some cases. Diagnosis shou1d be corre1ated to c1inica1 symptoms whi1e the fina1 diagnosis is main1y based on the patho1ogica1 features and the immune phenotypes.
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Objective To investigate the expression and the clinical significance of meningioma-association protein（MAC30）mRNA and protein in colorectal carcinomas.Methods MAC30 was immunohistochemically examined in 130 primary tumours,73 distant normal mucosa specimens and 34 lymph node metastases from rectal cancer patients＇paraffin embedded blocks.MAC30 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in primary tumors,adjacent and distal normal mucosa of 50 rectal cancer patients underwent colectomy.Results MAC30 cytoplasmic expression level in colorectal primary tumors and lymph node metastases was significantly higher than that in distant normal mucosa.MAC30 mRNA expression was upregulated in primary tumor,and the expression level was related to the histologic type of the tumor.Three-year survival rate of the colorectal carcinomas patients with strong expression of MAC30 was significantly lower than that of the patients with weak MAC30 expression（P 0.05）.Conclusion MAC30 overexpression might be involved in the development of colorectal carcinomas and seemed to be a prognostic factor.
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Against the large number of assessment indices to the adequacy peritoneal dialysis and incompatibility of some indices, an intelligent assessment approach to the peritoneal dialysis adequacy based on MART2 (modified from ART2) network is proposed. After non-dimension and weighting preconditioning, the assessment indices were put to MART2 and sorted into many clusters. The center-of-gravity of each cluster was identified as adequacy or inadequacy according to the assessment criteria of dialysis adequacy, and the adequacy of each cluster could be determined by the adequacy of corresponding center-of-gravity when the network threshold was high. Finally, the peritoneal dialysis adequacy of each patient could be judged according to the adequacy of cluster to which the patients' indices belong. Experimental results demounstrate its effectiveness.
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Humans , Creatinine , Metabolism , Guideline Adherence , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Metabolism , Therapeutics , Peritoneal Dialysis , Reference Standards , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Urea , MetabolismABSTRACT
This paper addresses the predicting problem of peritoneal fluid absorption rate(PFAR). An innovative predicting model was developed, which employed the improved genetic algorithm embedded in neural network for predicting the important PFAR index in the peritoneal dialysis treatment process of renal failure. The significance of PFAR and the complexity of dialysis process were analyzed. The improved genetic algorithm was used for defining the initial weight and bias of neural network, and then the neural network was used for finding out the optimal predicting model of PFAR. This method utilizes the global search capability of genetic algorithm and the local search advantage of neural network completely. For the purpose of showing the validity of the model, the improved optimal predicting model is compared with the standard hybrid method of genetic algorithm and neural network. The simulation results show that the predicting accuracy of the improved optimal neural network is greatly improved and the learning process needs less time.
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Humans , Algorithms , Artificial Intelligence , Computer Simulation , Forecasting , Neural Networks, Computer , Pattern Recognition, Automated , Methods , Peritoneal Dialysis , MethodsABSTRACT
Peritoneal dialysis is an important approach to the treatment of renal failure diseases such as acute renal failure, chronic renal failure and uremia. In this paper are presented the application of the multifunction squirm pump developed by authors, the use of PLC and single-chip to control harmonically, and the instituition of full automatic dialysis therapy. Man-machine interface with integrative touch liquid crystal display is adopted in the system, and Chinese interface is used to display and operate so that user can manipulate it in a guiding way. Hence, the whole process is simple and clear. At the same time, it is very easy to set dialysis parameters suited for medical treatment demands of all kinds of patients. Through squirm pump, electric valve, electronic weighing system and electrical heating system, the accurate control of input and output dialysis volumes, flow velocities, temperature, and other parameters are achieved and automatic alarm function is also implemented. Meanwhile, particular intelligent card system that can access automatically the user's treatment information is syncretized, which is convenient for doctor to make a diagnosis and give treatment or to carry out remote treatment. This system plays an important role in the improvement of peritoneal dialysis technique for renal failure treatment and clinical implementation.
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Humans , Automation , Equipment Design , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Therapeutics , Peritoneal Dialysis , Methods , Software Design , User-Computer InterfaceABSTRACT
The fuzziness in the selection of peritoneal dialysis schemes is discussed. A method of multi-objective fuzzy pattern recognition and its application in the selection of peritoneal dialysis schemes are presented. The method was first applied to the field of peritoneal dialysis. The conclusion showed that this method agreed with doctors' opinions. It provides a new idea for research in this field. At the same time, since the method is simple and easy to use, it can be of wide application.