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Objective:To investigate breast ultrasound imaging and pathological characteristics of patients with hereditary breast cancer-ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC).Methods:A total of 12 patients with HBOC admitted to Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from January 2012 to 2021 April were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were pathologically diagnosed as invasive breast cancer based on the preoperative puncture or surgical specimens, including 3 patients with double primary cancers of breast and ovary. The clinical, breast ultrasound imaging and pathological data of patients were analyzed.Results:The ultrasound imaging of HBOC usually showed regular morphology in 8 cases, clear border in 9 cases, no burr sign in 10 cases, no calcification in 10 cases, rear echo in 10 cases; the maximum blood flow velocity was (0.21±0.09) m/s, the vascular resistance index was 0.72±0.17, and aspect ratio ≤ 1 in 8 cases. Among 12 cases of HBOS, 9 cases were invasive ductal carcinoma, 3 cases were breast cancer with medullary features; histological grade: 7 cases of grade Ⅱ, 5 cases of grade Ⅲ; molecular classification: Luminal B type in 2 cases, human epithelial receptor 2 (HER2) type in 4 cases, and triple-negative type in 6 cases. The histological types of 3 patients with double primary cancers of breast and ovary were all high-grade serous carcinoma.Conclusions:HBOC is a type of neoplastic disease with a special genetic background. Ultrasound and pathological manifestations have certain characteristics. Sonographers should improve the understanding of the disease and pay attention to the medical history and family history in order to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and increase the rate of diagnosis.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of tropisetron on pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) and the relationship with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR).Methods:Routinely cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), H/R group, tropisetron plus H/R group (Tro+ H/R group), and α7nAchR antagonist MLA plus tropisetron plus H/R group (MLA+ Tro+ H/R group). H/R was produced by 12 h exposure of cells to hypoxia followed by 6 h reoxygenation in the other three groups except group C. Tropisetron at the final concentration of 10 nmol/L was added at 1 h before hypoxia in group Tro+ H/R.In group MLA+ Tro+ H/R, MLA was added at 2 h before hypoxia, and then 1 h later tropisetron at the final concentration of 10 nmol/L was given.At 6 h of reoxygenation, the pyroptosis rate of cardiomyocytes was determined by fluorescence immunostaining of caspase-1-AlexaFluor 488/DAPI, the concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 in the supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the activity of LDH in the supernatant was measured by 2, 4 dinitrophenylhydra-zine colorimetric method, and the expression of α7nAchR, NLRP3 and caspase-1 in cardiomyocytes was detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with group C, the pyroptosis rate, activity of LDH and concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant were significantly increased, the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 was up-regulated, and the expression of α7nAchR was down-regulated in group H/R ( P<0.05). Compared with group H/R, the pyroptosis rate, activity of LDH and concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant were significantly decreased, the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 was down-regulated, and the expression of α7nAchR was up-regulated in group Tro+ H/R ( P<0.05). Compared with group Tro+ H/R, the pyroptosis rate, activity of LDH and concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant were significantly increased, the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 was up-regulated, and the expression of α7nAchR was down-regulated in group MLA+ Tro+ H/R ( P<0.05). Conclusion:α7nAchR is involved in the process of tropisetron inhibiting pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes subjected to H/R.
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Objective:To explore the effects of laser irradiation parameters (irradiation frequency and single duration) on tear secretion, lens and retina.Methods:Thirty-six healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into 6 groups with random number table method according to different frequency and single exposure duration of laser to the eye, namely, high frequency short time (HFST) group, high frequency long time (HFLT) group, medium frequency short time (MFST) group, medium frequency long time (MFLT) group, low frequency short time (LFST) group and low frequency long time (LFLT) group, 6 for each group.The right eyes were irradiated with 500 lx laser as experimental eyes, and the left eyes of the guinea pigs served as the control eyes.The high, medium and low irradiation frequencies were defined as 15 times, 10 times and 5 times, respectively, and the short and long period was defined as 30 seconds and 60 seconds each time, respectively.The right eyes were irradiated based on the grouping at a 10-minute interval.The tear secretion was detected by SchirmerⅠtest; lens opacity was assessed under the slit-lamp microscope; fundus photography was performed to evaluate the general morphology of retina; retinal function was evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG) record and the thickness of retinal outer nuclear layer was measured by histopathology examination.This study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Air Force Military Medical University (No.20181203), and the use and care of the experimental animals complied with the ARVO statement.Results:The tear secretion was 8.00(7.37, 9.00), 8.75(8.25, 9.00), 8.50(7.75, 9.50), 9.00(8.50, 9.50), 8.00(7.37, 8.75) and 8.25(7.75, 8.75) mm/5 min in the HFST group, HFLT group, MFST group, MFLT group, LFST group and LFLT group, respectively, without significant difference among the groups(χ 2=5.502, P=0.240); after laser irradiation, there were no statistically significant differences in tear secretion between the control eyes and laser-irradiated eyes in all the groups (all at P>0.05). The lenses were clear and the fundus was normal through the experimental duration in all the groups.The amplitude of ERG a-wave was significantly reduced in the HFST group in comparison with the LFST group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the b-wave amplitude among the six groups (F=1.358, P=0.268). The ERG a-, b-wave amplitudes were not significantly different between the control eyes and laser-irradiated eyes in various groups (both at P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the thickness of the outer nuclear layer of retina among the HFST group, HFLT group, MFST group, MFLT group, LFST group and LFLT group (F=0.952, P=0.463). Conclusions:The 500 lx laser irradiation is safe to ocular surface and lens, but there are some injuries to retinal function, and the injury degree is related to laser irradiation frequency.
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Objective:To investigate the ultrasound image and pathological features of invasive fibromatosis, and to provide a basis for the diagnosis of invasive fibromatosis.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 22 patients pathologically diagnosed with invasive fibromatosis from January 2016 to March 2019 in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical, ultrasound and pathological data were also summarized.Results:Ultrasound images of invasive fibromatosis showed irregular morphology, unclear boundaries, uneven echo, spot-like or strip-shaped blood flow signals. The coincidence rate of ultrasound diagnosis was 59.1% (13/22), 3 cases were misdiagnosed as fibrous, fat and other sarcomas, 4 cases were misdiagnosed as nerve-derived tumors, 1 case was misdiagnosed as nodular fasciitis, and 1 case was misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The pathological characteristics of invasive fibromatosis were more typical, and the positive expression rate of vimentin and β-catenin in immunohistochemistry was 100.0% (22/22); the coincidence rate of preoperative pathological diagnosis of puncture was 78.6% (11/14), 1 case was misdiagnosed as nerve fiber tumor, 1 case was misdiagnosed as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, and 1 case was misdiagnosed as nodular fasciitis.Conclusion:Invasive fibromatosis has a certain specificity in ultrasound and pathological diagnosis, which can be diagnosed and differentially diagnosed according to the ultrasound image and pathological characteristics.
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OBJECTIVE：To put forward some suggestions for the implementation of OTC monograph in China. METHODS ： Literature research was used to comprehensively review the concept ，emergence and development ，function of OTC monograph in USA；referring to experience in USA ，the necessity and feasibility of monograph system for OTC registration and evaluation in China were explored ，and some suggestions were put forward to the implementation of OTC monograph in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：OTC monograph in USA refers to the regulatory standards that should be followed when selling OTC products not included in new drug applications. The monograph originates from the re-evaluation project of the effectiveness of OTC drugs ， which plays a special role in accelerating the drug marketing and promoting product innovation. The OTC monograph system is necessary to help to optimize the OTC registration and evaluation ，but at present ，the conditions to establish and implement OTC monograph are not yet ripe in China. Based on the optimization of resource allocation and infrastructure construction ，national OTC drug management experience ，OTC monograph can play a full part in OTC registration and evaluation ，in terms of carrying out in-depth research ，taking pilot test ，improving risk management system and enhancing drug review resource allocation ability.
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics, contents and effects of outpatients′ telephone counseling during COVID-19 pandemic, and to promote the development of outpatient service.Methods:Frequency Retrospective analysis was made on contents of such consultations ranging from February to April 2020, to learn their medical consultation, epidemic consultation, outpatient registration and non-attendance consultation, inspection consultation and other 5 aspects.Results:72 525 cases of outpatient telephone consultations were received, and 98.48 percent of the problems had been solved. The evaluation of outpatient satisfaction was as high as 4.60 points. The quantity of consultation at 8-11 am and 14-17 pm on weekdays was the largest. The highest proportion of information content was about COVID-19.Conclusions:Telephone consultation during COVID-19 can not only effectively reduce outpatient visits, but also effectively diverse patient flow and prove conducive to extension services of outpatients in the future.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus on airway inflammation and ERK/MAPK signal pathway of asthma model mice, and to explore its possible mechanism of the treatment of asthma. METHODS: The asthma model was induced by egg albumin. A total of 40 model mice were randomly divided into model group (0. 5％ carboxymethyl cellulose, intragastric administration), positive control group (0. 5 mg/kg dexamethasone, intraperitoneal injection), Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus low-dose and high-dose groups (9. 0, 18. 0 mg/kg, intragastric administration), with 10 mice in each group. Other 10 normal mice were included in normal group (0. 5％ carboxymethyl cellulose, intragastric administration). They were given medicine once a day for consecutive 28 d. After medication, the number of total cells and differential cells (neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice were counted. The pathological morphology of bronchial smooth muscle in mice was observed under light microscope, and the inflammatory score was scored; the activities of ERK, phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), p38 MAPK and phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) were measured by ELISA. The protein expression of ERK, p-ERK, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK in lung tissue were determined by Western blot assay. mRNA expression of ERK and p38 MAPK were determined by real time fluorescent quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Compared with normal group, the number of total cells and differential cells in BALF of mice, inflammation score, the activities of p-ERK and p-p38 MAPK in lung tissues were increased significantly of mice in model group (P<0. 01); the protein expression of p-ERK and p-p38 MAPK, mRNA expression of ERK and p38 MAPK were increased significantly in lung tissue of mice in model group (P<0. 01). Compared with model group, above indexes of treatment groups were all improved significantly (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). CONCLUSIONS: Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus can improve airway inflammation in asthma model mice, the mechanisms of which may be related to inhibiting the activation of ERK/MAPK signal pathway.
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Objective To investigate and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of laparoscopic and traditional open surgery in the rectal cancer surgery.Methods From March 2007 to February 2013,86 patients with radical resection of rectal carcinoma in General Surgery Department of Pinggu District Hospital of Beijing were selected as research objects,according to random number table method,they were divided into laparoscopic group(n=43) and laparotomy group(n=43).The laparoscopic group was given laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer,the laparotomy group was given traditional open surgery.The baseline data,operative incision length,intraoperative blood loss,operative time,postoperative hospital stay,total number of lymph nodes cleaning,exhaust time,time to get out of bed,hospitalization expenses,VAS score and postoperative complications between the two groups were observed and compared.And the survival rates of the two groups were compared.Results.The operative incision length of laparoscopic group was shorter than laparotomy group((4.20±1.15) cm vs.(16.53±4.62) cm),the intraoperative blood loss was less than laparotomy group((167.43±16.24) ml vs.(220.74±22.53) ml),postoperative hospital stay,exhaust time,time to get out of bed were shorter than laparotomy group((8.26±2.09) d vs.(13.52±2.97) d,(3.24±1.42) d vs.(4.23±1.60) d,(3.07±0.84) d vs.(4.23±1.29) d),the hospitalization expenses was higher than laparotomy group(all P0.05).The 5 year overall survival rate of laparoscopic group was 52.6%,the laparotomy group was 47.4%,there was no significant difference between the two groups(χ2=0.465,P>0.05).Conclusion The clinical efficacy of laparoscopic and traditional open surgery in the rectal cancer surgery are the same,and laparoscopic radical surgery is safe and effective,it has the advantages of less trauma,less complications and quick recovery,is worth popularizing.
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Objective:This study investigates the clinical effect of bodyγ-knife combined with radiosensitizer and/or hyperthermia. for the recurrence of soft tissue sarcoma. Methods:Sixty-three patients with recurrent soft tissue sarcoma from January 2012 to March 2014 were treated by bodyγ-knife combined with radiosensitizer and/or hyperthermia. The patients were exposed to radiation dose levels of 4-5.5 Gy/fraction (10-13 fractions) with total doses of 44-55 Gy and 55%-70%isodose, including 95%PTV. The radiosensitizer, sodium glycodidazolum (CMNa), was administered to all patients at 1.00-1.50 g V.D qod at 5-6 fractions 0-3 h before bodyγ-knife treat-ment. Hyperthermia for 30 patients was delivered during the bodyγ-knife treatment with two fractions/week for a total of six frac-tions. Results:The total response rate was 77.7%three months after the treatment. The one and two year local control rates were 78.8%and 63.6%, respectively, while the survival rates of patients treated with bodyγ-knife with radiosensitizer at one and two years were 75.7%and 63.6%, respectively. The local control rates at one and two years were 83.6%and 70.0%, respectively, while the surviv-al rates at one and two years for bodyγ-knife combined with radiosensitizer and hyperthermia treatments were 80.0%and 63.3%, re-spectively. Serious complications of radiotherapy were not observed. Conclusion:Bodyγ-knife combined with radiosensitizer and/or hyperthermia is effective for recurrent soft tissue sarcoma.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of amisulpride and clozapine in schizophrenia patients with predominantly negative symptoms.Methods Totally 166 cases of schizophrenia patients with predominantly negative symptoms from May 2013 to May 2016 in The Sixth People's Hospital of Hebei were divided into observation group and control group,83 cases in each group.Patients in the observation group were treated with amisulpride,and control group were treated with clozapine.The clinical effect,SANS scores,and occurring rate of abnormal electrocardiogram were compared.Results The clinical effect,emotional insipid (blunting),and attention dysfunction scores from SANS of observation group were significantly better than those of control group on week 4,8,and 12,respectively (P ＜ 0.05);The occurring rate of abnormal electrocardiogram in observation group was significantly lower than that of control group on week 12 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with clozapine,amisulprid has better efficacy and safety in schizophrenia patients with predominantly negative symptoms,and can effectively improve of symptom of insipid (blunting) and attention dysfunction.
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Naringin is mainly present in Rutaceae Citrus Pomelo,grapefruit,lime,and its variants of the peel and fruit,which belongs to dihydrogen flavonoids.Studies have shown that naringin has anti-type 1 and type 2 diabetes pharmacological effects,the mechanism of action by inhibiting diabetes-related oxidative stress injury,inflammation,abnormal metabolism of glucose,and other aspects,while a certain degree of delay in diabetes complications (including diabetic cardiomyopathy,diabetic nephropathy,diabetic retinopathy,and diabetic neuropathy).The mechanism of naringin on the mechanism of diabetes mellitus and its complications was studied in order to provide the basis for the development of antidiabetic drug.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the difference in the clinical efficacy on ankylosing spondylitis (AS) between the combined therapy of moxibustion along the governor vessel and the conception vessel and salazosulfapyridine (SASP) and the routine moxibustion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two patients of AS were randomized into two groups, 31 cases in each one with one case dnopping separately. In the two groups, SASP was prescribed for oral administration. In the observation group, the self-prepared moxa powder, ginger granules and moxa wool were placed on the back, from Dazhui (GV 14) to Yaoshu (GV 2) and on the abdomen, from the inferior of the xiphoid process to the upper border of symphsis pubis, covering the running of the governor vessel and the conception vessel. In the control group, the routine moxibustion therapy was used, in which, the moxa box was placed on the back and abdomen alternatively. Each treatment lasted 2 h, once every 7 days, 3 treatments as one session. After 3 sessions of treatment, the symptom score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, time of morning stiffness, Schober test, occiput-to-wall distance and thoracic mobility were observed before and after treatment. The clinical efficacy was evaluated in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 86.7% (26/30) in the observation group, better than 73.3% (22/30) in the control group. The efficacy in the observation group was better than that in the control group (<0.05). All of the observation indices after treatment were improved apparently as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all<0.01). After treatment, the improvements in the symptom score, VAS score, time of morning stiffness and Schober test in the observation group were better apparently than those in the control group (all<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>On the basis of treatment with SASP, moxibustion along the governor vessel and the conception vessel achieves the definite efficacy on AS, better than the routine moxibustion therapy.</p>
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The treatment of recurrent head and neck cancers has improved from single modality interventions of surgery and radiation therapy alone to include combined modality therapy with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Combined therapy has led to improved local control and disease-free survival. New developments in radiation oncology such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, brachytherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, have helped to improve this outlook even further. These recent advances allow for a higher dose to be delivered to the tumor while minimizing the dose delivered to the surrounding normal tissue. This article provides an update of the new developments in radiotherapy in the management of previously-irradiated recurrent head and neck carcinoma.
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Objective: To compare the difference of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) and modified Re-sponse Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after stereotactic body radio-therapy (SBRT). Methods:From Janurary 2014 to August 2015, thirty-five patients with HCC treated with SBRT were included in De-partment of Radiation Oncology and Integrative Oncology of Navy General Hospital of PLA, and SBRT efficacy was evaluated based on RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST criteria. Results:Under RECIST 1.1, one patient had complete response (CR), 20 had partial response (PR), and 11 achieved stable disease (SD) at three months. Three patients had progressive disease (PD). The overall best response rate (CR+PR) was 60%. In comparison, under mRECIST, 10 patients had CR, 16 had PR, and 6 achieved SD at three months. Three patients had PD. The overall best response rate was 74.28%. The statistical analysis showed that Kappa=0.402 (χ2=43.3, P<0. 001) was less than 0.75 but greater than 0.4, indicating that it had not reached the two diagnostic criteria of consistency degree of satisfaction. According to the mRECIST criteria, the objective remission group (CR+PR) was superior to the nonobjective remission group (SD+PD) in progression-free survival (P<0.001). Conclusion:For unresectable HCC, mRECIST may be more useful than RECIST 1.1 in evaluating HCC response to SBRT.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the risk factors of postoperative complications in gastric carcinoma patients complicated with liver cirrhosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective research of 41 gastric cancer patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent surgical therapy was performed. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine risk factors of postoperative complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no postoperative death in this cohort. Twenty-seven(65.9%) patients developed postoperative complications. As determined by the Logistic regression analysis, Child-Pugh score(OR=27.96, 95% CI:1.16-672.23), albumin level(OR=17.98, 95% CI:1.28-253.36) and intraoperative blood loss(OR=10.60, 95% CI:1.21-92.82) were independent risk factors of postoperative complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As for gastric cancer patients with liver cirrhosis, positive perioperative management, adjustment of Child-Pugh classifications score, following damage control principle during operation and reducing the intraoperative bleeding may decrease the morbidity of postoperative complications.</p>
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Humans , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Liver Cirrhosis , Morbidity , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Stomach NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the charge nurses' leadership style perceived by nurses and nurse's self-efficacy,and then analyze the relationship between them.Methods Totally 368 staff nurses from 3A hospitals in Sichuan were investigated with questionnaires.The results underwent analysis.Results The score of charge nurses' transformational leadership style was 58.06±12.10,from high to low in turn was intellectual stimulation (3.10±0.69),inspirational motivation (2.92±0.73),idealized influence (2.88±0.67) and individualized consideration (2.71±0.74).The score of charge nurses' transactional leadership style was 35.77±8.58,from high to low in turn was contingency reward (3.11±0.71),passive exemplary management (3.09±0.75) and active exemplary management (2.75±0.90).The score of nurses' self-efficacy was 83.51±11.62.The transformational leadership style had positively predictive impact on nurses' selfefficacy.Conclusions Nursing managers should apply transformational leadership to improve nurses selfefficacy,promote the physical and mental health of nurses and the long-term development of hospital.
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Objective To analyze the situation of medical social support and self-perceived burden in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in Chengdu,explore the influence of medical social support for patients with family oxygen cure.Methods A convenient sampling was conducted in 4 hospitals in Chengdu,and selected totally 124 elderly patients with COPD in January 2013 as the research object.Results Those patients' average daily life ability score was (20.19 ± 7.10) points,42 cases' daily life ability was normal,44 had deficiency in daily life,38 had obvious flaws;16 cases received medical social support condition at a critical level,66 at a general level,42 in good condition;the difference of the ability of daily life between actual support and other supports was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05);the difference in patients with self-perceived burden and medical social support was not statistically significant (P ＞0.05).Patients with long term oxygen therapy had higher self-pereeived burden than patients without oxygen therapy at home [(18.65±3.97) points vs.(17.69±6.24) points,t=6.015,P＜0.05],but patients with long term oxygen therapy had better medical and social support condition than those without oxygen therapy at home [(282.11±37.47) points vs.(262.26±61.14) points,t=6.624,P＜0.05].Conclusions The level of medical and social support in elderly patients with COPD need improve.Nurses need to provide better guidance for patients with long term oxygen therapy,ensure them obtain adequate information,improve their emotional support and social interaction,enhance their medical social support condition.
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Objective To evaluate the treatment of acute cholecystitis patients through laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods 387 cases of acute cholecystitis patients who underwent LC were studied retrospectively . Results Of the 387 cases, there were 359 cases of calculus incarcerated cholecystitis , 152 cases of cholecystitis with acute inflammatory symptoms for 72 h or more, 10 cases were converted to Laparotomy (2.6%).The operations lasted for 30~200 min(63.09 ±26.62 min on average),with blood loss about 10~500 mL(51.41 ±32.41 mL on average),and drainage was adopted in 183 cases.No complications developed fol-lowing the surgeries in 3 to 24 months, indicating a 100% cure rate. Conclusion If with good command of rules and techniques during LC operations , It is both safe and feasible to treat acute cholecystitis patients through LC operations .
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Objective To understand status quo of the domestic and foreign iceberg competency model application,and to provide basis for further study in the nursing iceberg competency model.Methods A literature review about the application of competency iceberg model at home and abroad since 2009 was carried out,the relevant data was listed,and the research situation of domestic and foreign nursing iceberg competency model was summarized.Results According to the 141 total literatures whose theme was the iceberg competency model,only 3 articles were related to the nursing field,while most of the iceberg competency model aimed at the study of enterprises in the high-level management personnel,sales personnel and so on.More researches on competency iceberg model were conducted abroad,involved in all walks of life,an research direction of nursing had turned from general iceberg competency model to the study of specific posts.Conclusions The iceberg competency model applied to the management of nursing human resources in China is developed lately and the studies lack breadth,depth and scientificalness.Compared with foreign countries,there is a big gap.A thorough iceberg competency model for human resource management is ought to be studied to provide a new perspective and a more useful tool for the early Chinese nursing theory and practice.
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Objective To explore the mechanism and effects of basic fibroblast growth factor( bFGF)on skin wound healing. Methods Fibroblasts( FB)were isolated from normal skin and hypertrophic scar and cultivated by direct adherence method. FB were then treated with different concentrations of bFGF(0,0. 1,1,10,100,1 000 ng·mL-1 )and cultivated with serum-free medium for 72 hours. The proliferation and apoptosis of FB in each group were detected by cell counting and trypan blue staining. Content and gene expression of typeⅠand type Ⅲ collagen and fibronectin were determined by ELISA and RT-PCR,respectively. Results bFGF promoted the proliferation of FB at low concentrations promoted apoptosis of FB at higher concentrations. The proliferation of FB from hypertrophic scar was slower than that from the normal skin. bFGF significantly inhibited type Ⅰ collagen production from hypertrophic scar FB but not from the normal skin. Moreover,bFGF up-regulated fibronectin expression in the normal fibroblasts,but not in the hypertrophic scar. No change in type Ⅲ collagen expression and production was observed in FB from either source. Conclusion bFGF has differential effects and mechanisms on FB of the normal skin and hypertrophic scar,suggesting that bFGF may play a role in early phase of skin wound healing and scar formation.