ABSTRACT
The pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which began in December 2019, has become the most serious public health problem, threatening people's health and life. This threat is posing a severe challenge on the diagnosis and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection, the prevention and control of hospital cross infection of medical staff. It is suggested that in addition to strengthening the organization and leadership of the abovementioned work, establishing and improving the prevention and control mechanism deserve greater attention. Furthermore, special attention should be given to the safety of the medical staff, strengthening their infection monitoring and outbreak management. Medical staff in different work areas and positions should be placed under careful protection, cleaning and disinfection measures. The protection during specimen collection, transportation and medical waste management should also be prioritized. This paper also put forward management suggestions for the outpatient department, isolation ward and other key departments. These measures are proposed to provide a guidance for the prevention and control of 2019-nCoV nosocomial infection in the pediatric outpatient and ward.
ABSTRACT
The epidemic of COVID-19 has become the topmost public health threat worldwide. The authors suggested that in addition to strengthening the organization and leadership of the abovementioned work, greater attention be paid to establishing and improving the prevention and control mechanism.Furthermore, special efforts should be given to the safety of the medical workers, by strengthening their infection monitoring and outbreak management. Medical workers in different work areas and positions should be placed under careful protection with due cleaning and disinfection measures. The protection during specimen collection, transportation and medical waste management should also be prioritized. Such special issues in the management of pediatric patients, as allocation of nurses, the screening and management of caregivers, the problem of breastfeeding, and the disinfection of children′s toys and diapers were discussed. This paper also put forward management suggestions for the outpatient department, isolation ward and other key departments, which aim to guide the prevention and control of COVID-19 nosocomial infection in the pediatric outpatient and ward.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:18-Alkylated-chitosan has been proved to exhibit a good coagulation capacity through hydrophobic modification. OBJECTIVE:To improve the adhesion between the material and the wound through the introduction of alkylated-chitosan molecules. METHODS:The alkyl group was introduced in the chitosan by potentiodynamic method to prepare the alkylated-chitosan with different substitution degrees (7%,16%, 26%and 40%), and then their structure, viscosity, porosity, water absorption, contact angle and in vitro coagulation capacity were detected. Thirty New Zealand rabbits were enrol ed, modeled into the left femoral artery hemorrhage, and randomized into six groups, including four experimental groups, positive control and control groups, fol owed by treated with alkylated-chitosan sponges with different degrees of substitution, absorbable hemostatic gauze and chitosan sponge, respectively. Afterwards, the blood loss and clotting time were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUISON:With the degree of substitution increased, the viscosity of alkylated-chitosan increased firstly and then decreased, the porosity and water absorption decreased gradual y, and the contact angle on a rise. Compared with chitosan, different alkylated-chitosans showed a better henostatic effect in vitro, especial y the alkylated-chitosan with 16%substitution degree. The blood loss and clotting time in the experimental groups except that the alkylated-chitosan with 7%substitution degree were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05);the bold loss in the alkylated-chitosan with 40%substitution degree group was significantly lower than that in the positive control group (P<0.05). These findings suggest that the alkylated-chitosan with 40%substitution degree exhibits the best hemostatic effect in vivo.