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【Objective】 To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC). 【Methods】 The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 40 CCPRCC patients treated during Jun. 2011 and Oct.2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The prognosis was compared with that of 40 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and 19 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) treated in the same period. Survival analysis was performed by Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. 【Results】 Among the 40 patients, 28 were male and 12 were female, aged 31-84 years; 38 cases had unilateral and 2 cases had bilateral tumors; 3 cases had multifocal lesions. All patients received surgery. The maximum diameter of the masses ranged from 3.0 to 95.0 mm, with an average of (27.6±18.1) mm. Pathological grade was Fuhrman 1-2 in all cases. Immunohistochemical tests were positive for CK7 and CA-IX. During the follow-up of 5-129 (average 56) months, 1 case died after bone metastasis, 2 had ipsilateral recurrence, and 1 developed primary esophageal cancer. CCPRCC patients had a significantly better prognosis than CCRCC (P<0.001) and PRCC (P=0.005) patients, while there was no significant difference in the prognosis between CCRCC and PRCC patients (P=0.93). 【Conclusions】 CCPRCC has low malignancy. The diagnosis relies on characteristic pathological and immunohistochemical features. Surgery is an effective treatment. CCPRCC has a better overall prognosis than CCRCC and PRCC.
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Overuse of antibiotics in medical care and animal husbandry has led to the development of bacterial antimicrobial resistance, causing increasingly more health concern. In addition to genetic mutations and the formation of resistance, the various stresses bacteria encountered in the natural environment trigger their stress responses, which not only protect them from these stresses, but also change their tolerance to antimicrobials. The emergence of antimicrobial tolerance will inevitably affect the physiological metabolism of bacteria. However, bacteria can restore their sensitivity to drugs by regulating their own metabolism. This article reviews recent studies on the relationship between bacterial stress responses or the physiological metabolism and antimicrobial tolerance, intending to take more effective measures to control the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents , Bacteria/genetics , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
@#This study aims to explore the involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)-Gap junction regulation in the rat model of bone cancer pain and figure out whether adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK )activator metformin could attenuate bone cancer pain through this mechanism. Tumor cell implantation(TCI)induced bone cancer pain model in rats was established. The rats were administered, respectively, with 20 μL of metformin(50, 100 μg), JNK inhibitor SP600125(10 μg), gap junction inhibitor(carbenoxolone, CBX)(10 μg)and AMPK inhibitor Compound C(CC)(10 μg). The Von Frey Assay was applied to test the mechanical pain threshold. The activity of Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1(IBA-1)and Connexin 43(Cx43)in spinal cord was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Changes of p-JNK expression were detected by Western blot. JNK inhibitor SP600125 relieved TCI-induced bone cancer pain significantly in rats, while this analgesic effect was almost canceled by the blocker of gap junction carbenoxolone(CBX). Various concentration of metformin(50, 100 μg, i. t. )significantly inhibited TCI-induced mechanical allodynia and the changes of p-JNK and p-Cx43 expression were also reversed in spinal cord in rats. Together, these data suggested that activation of AMPK with metformin attenuated TCI-induced bone cancer pain via regulating the function of JNK-Gap junction in rats.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on the uterine structure for patients with myoma of uterus in postmenopause.@*Methods@#According to the method of treatment, 149 patients were divided into study group(73 cases) and control group(76 cases). The control group was given oryzanol, while the study group was given hormone replacement threapy (little dose of estradiol combined with dydrogesterone). The sex hormone levels(LH, FSH), uterine structure(volume of uterine fibroids, endometrial thickness, uterine volume) were compared.@*Results@#The sex hormone levels of LH, FSH in the study group were (12.19±2.39)U/L, (13.14±5.29)U/L, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group[(15.09±3.18)U/L, (22.19±6.25)U/L], the differences were statistically significant (t=11.312, 10.583, all P<0.05). The volume of uterus fibroids, volume of uterine, endometrial thickness in the study group were (6.45±2.21)cm3, (45.56±24.17)cm3, (2.84±1.07)mm, respectively, which in the control group were (5.92±2.31)cm3, (38.25±20.52)cm3, (2.36±0.82)mm, respectively.Compared with the control group, the study group had bigger uterine and endometrial thickness, the differences were statistically significant(t=8.492, 7.954, all P<0.05), while the volume of uterus fibroids had no statistically significant difference between the two groups (t=1.043, P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#On the uretine structure of patients with myoma of uterus in postmenopause, compared with traditional oryzanol, hormone replacement can improve the status of uretus structure and function, and resist the side-effect of enlargement of the volume of uretus fibroids.There is significant advance for hormone replacement therapy on the uterine structure of patients with uretus fibroids in postmenopause.
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Objective To investigate the effect of endovascular treatment in iliac femoral artery occlusive disease of TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) C,D lesions in elderly patients.Methods Totally 104 elderly TASC C,D patients with iliac femoral artery occlusion were treated,including TASC C (n =73),TASC D (n =31).Occlusive length range were 4.25-17.61 cm,with an average of (13.46±1.24)cm.The curative effect,complications and following up after surgery were analyzed.Results Ninty-four patients were treated successfully,and the technical success rate was 90.38％ (94/104);12 patients underwent balloon dilation,92 patients underwent balloon dilation combined stent.There were 8 cases (8/104,7.69 ％) with periprocedural complications,included arterial thrombosis (n =2),pseudoaneurysm (n=1),heart failure (n=4),and radiographic contrast nephropathy (n=1).Doppler ankle-brachial index increased from 0.32±0.12 to 0.81±0.11 (P＜0.01) at 1 week after treatment.The patency rates were 88.46 ％ (69/78) and 81.13％ (43/53) at 6 and 12 months followed-up respectively.Conclusion Minimally invasive endovascular treatment has high technical success rate,low complication rate,and satisfactory clinical curative effect for iliac femoral artery occlusive disease of TASC C,D lesions in elderly patients.