ABSTRACT
@#Objective To investigate visual impairment students' quality of life and its influencing factors in Braille learning class at Quanzhou Special School. Methods November, 2020, 52 students (aged seven to 26) with the best corrected distance visual acuity of the better eye above 0.02 were investigated with near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and Chinese-version Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire (CLVQOL). The subjects were divided into second grade blindness group, first grade low vision group and second grade low vision group according to the best corrected distance visual acuity of the better eye. Results There were significant differences in distance visual acuity (Z = 45.671, P < 0.001), near visual acuity (Z = 24.972, P < 0.001), and contrast sensitivity (CS) ( Z = 13.285, P = 0.001) among three groups. There was a correlation between near visual acuity and distance visual acuity (r = 0.74, P < 0.001), CS to distance visual acuity (r = -0.58, P < 0.001) and near visual acuity (r = -0.57, P < 0.001), score of CLVQOL and CS (r = 0.44, P < 0.001). There were significant differences in the total score (Z = 10.145, P = 0.006), distance visual acuity subscale (Z = 13.586, P = 0.001), psychological adjustment subscale (Z = 7.824, P = 0.020), reading and fine work subscale (Z = 7.923, P = 0.019) of CLVQOL among the three groups. Conclusion Quality of life is different with the visual impairment for students in special school, especially the distance visual acuity, psychological adjustment and fine reading. CS correlates to the quality of life of visually impaired students, which needs to be a part of evaluation of visual function.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of the bladder training in male patients before urinary catheter removal after mid-low rectal cancer surgery.@*METHODS@#This was a prospective, open, randomized controlled study.@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#male patients; pathologically diagnosed as mid-low rectal adenocarcinoma; distance from tumor lower edge to anal margin ≤10 cm; standard radical surgery for rectal cancer, including intestinal resection and regional lymph node dissection.@*EXCLUSION CRITERIA@#previous history of benign prostatic hyperplasia or history of prostate surgery; bladder dysfunction such as dysuria and urinary retention before surgery; local resection of rectal tumor or extended resection. According to the above criteria, 92 patients who underwent colorectal surgery at the Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University from June to December 2016 were prospectively included. The patients were randomly divided into bladder training group (n=43) and bladder non-training group (n=49) according to the random number table method. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University (ethical approval number: 2016KY005) and registered with the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (ChiCTR) (registration No.ChiCTR-IOR-16007995). The implementation of patient's treatment measures, the data collection and analysis were based on the three-blind principle, using envelopes for distribution concealment. In the bladder training group, bladder training was routinely performed from the first day after operation to catheter removal, and in bladder non-training group the catheter was kept open till its removal. The catheter was removed in the early morning at the 5th day after surgery, and the spontaneous urine output was recorded and the residual urine volume of the bladder was measured after the first urination. The international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was applied to evaluate the patient's urinary function before and after surgery.@*RESULTS@#The age of whole group was (58.6±10.9) years old, the body mass index was (22.4±2.7) kg/m , and the distance from tumor lower edge to anal margin was (6.5±1.9) cm. The baseline data, such as age, body mass index, distance from tumor lower edge to anal margin, preoperative IPSS score, preoperative bladder residual urine volume, neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, preventive ileostomy and surgical procedure were not significantly different between two groups (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in IPSS scores evaluated at the second day (3.6±4.0 vs. 3.5±3.4, t=0.128, P=0.899) and one month (3.7±2.9 vs. 3.0±3.1, t=1.113, P=0.269) after catheter removal between the bladder training group and bladder non-training group. No significant difference in the postoperative residual urine volume of bladder (media 44 ml vs. 24 ml, Z=-1.466, P=0.143), the first spontaneous urination volume (median 200 ml vs. 150 ml, Z=-1.228, P=0.219) after catheter removal, and postoperative hospital stay [(8.2±4.5) days vs. (9.1±5.5) days, t=-0.805, P=0.423] was found. Urinary infection rate was 20.9%(9/43) in the training group, which was even higher than 8.2%(4/49) in the non-training group, but the difference was not significant(χ²=3.077, P=0.079). No patient needed re-catheterization in either group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The routine bladder training after mid-low rectal cancer surgery does not improve the urinary function, and can not reduce the residual urine volume of bladder after catheter removal. This routine clinical practice is not helpful for the bladder function recovery after rectal cancer surgery.