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Objective@#The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of childhood abuse and examined its correlation with inflammatory factor IL-6 level in middle schools students.@*Methods@#A total of 911 junior and high school students from a middle school in Shenyang were enrolled in this study to investigate the experience of childhood abuse and its association with IL-6 level in fasting blood samples in December 2017.@*Results@#The prevalence of childhood maltreatment was 21.0%, the prevalence of physical, emotional and sexual abuse was 21.8%, 20.3% and 9.5%, respectively. Physical abuse, emotional abuse and total abuse were associated with high levels of IL-6 in junior high school boys, χ2 values were 3.88, 6.78, and 9.10, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between abuse experiences with IL-6 levels among junior high school girls and senior high school students. Regression analysis showed that physical abuse, emotional abuse and total abuse were positively associated with IL-6 concentration among junior high school boys(OR=2.23, 3.49, 1.58, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Physical and emotional abuse in childhood associates with the increase of IL-6 level among junior school boys. Abnormal inflammatory factor level might be potential mechanism linking childhood abuse with adverse health outcomes.
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OBJECTIVE ToevaluatetheeffectandmechanismofPaecilomyceshepialimycelium (PHM)onexhaustedfatigueinmice.METHODS Micewereforcedtorun30minadayforconsecutive 18 d using the wheel running fatigue apparatus, and the speed was gradually increased from 10.2 m·min -1 to 12.6 m·min -1 .On d19,these animals were forced to run 60 min to establish an exhausted fatigue model.Every day,40 min before the run training,the animals were ig administered with PHM (140,280,560 mg·kg -1 )and modafinil (13 mg·kg -1 ).The number of electric shocks was recorded on d5,d9,d1 3,d1 7 and d1 9,respectively,and the body mass of each mouse was recorded daily.The levels of muscle glycogen (MG),liver glycogen (LG),serum urea nitrogen (SUN),serum lactic acid (SLA)and serum creatine kinase (CK)were detected by commercially available kits. RESULTS Duringthelastexhaustedrunningond19,thenumberofelectricshocksofthemodelgroup was markedly larger than that of the drug administration groups.When compared to the normal control group,the model group showed a significant decrease in the level of either MG or LG,but a significant increase in the level of either SUN or CK.The nu mber of electric shocks of the PHM in the moderate and high dose groups was 133 ±55 and 1 15 ±41 times,respectively,which was significantly smaller than that of the model group 240 ±89 (P<0.01 ).The levels of MG and LG of the PHM560 mg·kg -1 group were (1 .28 ±0.24)mg·g -1 and (40.9 ±1 0.2)mg·g -1 ,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the model group〔MG:(0.91 ±0.26)mg·g -1 ,LG:(22.2 ±2.9)mg·g -1;P<0.01〕,and the levels of SUN,SLA and CK of this PHM group were (5.8 ±1 .3)mmol·L-1 ,(5.7 ±1 .7)mmol·L-1 and (0.6 ±0.2)kU·L-1 ,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the model group 〔SUN:(7.5 ±2.1 )mmol·L-1 ,SLA:(7.1 ±1 .8)mmol·L-1 ,CK:(0.8 ±0.3)kU·L-1;P<0.05〕.The number of electric shocks of the modafinil group was also significantly smaller than that of the model group (P<0.01 ),but there were not any significant differences between the modafinil group and the model groupinthelevelsofMG,LG,SUN,SLAorCK.CONCLUSION ThisstudyshowsthatPHMcanhelp relieve fatigue,which might be associated with its abilities to increase the storeage of energy sources,to enhance the aerobic metabolis m,and to decrease the accu mulation of metabolic products.
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Objective To investigate the anti-fatigue and anti-hypoxia effect of fermented Paecilomyces hepiali myceli-um (PHM) and to explore its mechanism.Methods Seventy-two naive Kunming male mice were randomly divided into Home, vehicle, modafinil( Mode) , low-dose PHM, moderate-dose PHM, and high-dose PHM groups.All mice were ad-ministrated with the drug or vehicle twice a day during a 14-day period.Except for the Home group, each groups was forced into the wheel fatigue device to receive a climb-run training at the time points of 40 min, 8 h, 24 h and 48 h, and to re-ceive an exhaustive training at the time point of 72 h after the last administration.The number of electric shocks was recor-ded during each training and the levels of muscle glycogen, liver glycogen, serum urea nitrogen, serum lactic acid, serum creatine kinase and blood ATP were detected after the exhaustive training using commercially available kits.In addition, 96 naive Kunming male mice were randomly and equally divided into the vehicle, low-dose, moderate-dose and high-dose PHM groups.Twelve mice in each group were chosen for the normal pressure anti-hypoxia experiment and the other 12 mice were used for the NaNO3 poisoning experiment.Results Compared with the vehicle groups, the PHM group showed a sig-nificant decrease in the number of electric shocks, improvement in biochemical parameters associated with fatigue, and an increased survival time in the anti-hypoxia and the NaNO3 toxicity tests.Conclusion PHM is potentially an effective alter-native for wild Cordyceps in the treatment of fatigue and hypoxia.
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OBJECTlVE To investigate the effect of Guiyuan tablets on the analgesic effect of morphine and morphine-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. METHODS ① The model of morphine-induced acute tolerance Mice were ig treated with Guiyuan tablets 200, 400 and 800 mg·kg-1 and 15 min later were sc treated with morphine 10 mg·kg-1 every hour for consecutive 9 h. At 24 and 48 h, they were sc treated with morphine 10 mg·kg-1 alone, respectively.②The model of morphine-induced chronic tolerance Mice were ig treated with Guiyuan tablets 200, 400 and 800 mg·kg-1 and 15 min later were sc treated with morphine 10 mg·kg-1 every day for consecutive 8 d. On d 9, the mice were sc treated with morphine 10 mg·kg-1 alone. ③ The model of morphine-induced established tolerance. Mice were sc treated with morphine 10 mg·kg-1 every day for consecutive 8 d. On d 1, d 4 or d 7, the mice began to be ig co-administered with Guiyuan 200 mg·kg-1 . On d 9, they were sc treated with morphine 10 mg·kg-1 alone. The hot-plate test was used to detect the values of the baseline latency ( T0 ) and the post-treatment latency ( T1 ) before the percentage of maximal possible analgesic effect (%MPAE) was calculated. Spec-trophotometry was used to detect the nitric oxide synthase ( NOS) activity and the nitric oxide ( NO) con-tent in the tissue of the spinal cord. RESULTS The ED50 of the analgesic effect of Guiyuan tablets was 523.5 mg·kg-1 in the hot-plate test. Guiyuan tablets 200 and 400 mg·kg-1 prolonged the duration of mor-phine anti-nociception and deceased its ED50 from 4.67 to 3.14 and 0.65 mg·kg-1, respectively. ln the models of both acute and chronic tolerance, Guiyuan tablets prevented the decrease of the%MPAE and the baseline latencies ( P<0. 05 ) . ln the model of morphine-induced established tolerance, Guiyuan tablets rapidly reversed the decrease of%MPAE( P<0.05) , and this compound preparation which began to be co-administered with morphine from d 1 could significantly inhibit the increase of the NOS activity and NO content induced by morphine in the spinal cord ( P<0.01) . CONCLUSlON Guiyuan tablets are capable of enhancing the analgesic effect of morphine, prolonging the duration of morphine anti-nocicep-tion, preventing the development of morphine-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia, and might have neuroprotective effect.
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The training mode of the medical doctoral students in Albert Einstein College of Medicine is relatively perfect. Its advances are mainly embodied in the following three aspects:detailed and comprehensive training in scientific research capabilities, great emphasis on the process control and the strict assurance system in quality control. The above training mode helps Albert Einstein Col-lege of medicine to set up the good medical doctoral cultivation characteristics with the tolerance, competition, flexibility and freedom. To learn from those good traits, great efforts should be made in our medical doctoral cultivation mode to strengthen the role of tutor team, ensure the students' inter-ests, deepen the academic exchanges and meet the various needs of society.