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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#To identify modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and explore the relationship between diet sodium intake and blood glucose levels.MATERIALS/METHODS: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, we extracted, analyzed, and assessed the available crossover studies of dietary salt intake restriction and insulin resistance in PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, Wanfang, and CNKI databases. @*RESULTS@#We included 6 studies with 8 sets of data, covering 485 subjects. I2 statistics results showed insignificant heterogeneity among all data (I 2 = 39.2% 0.05) indicated that insignificant publication bias existed. @*CONCLUSION@#This meta-analysis highlights the relationship between dietary sodium intake and blood glucose levels. Our findings show that higher blood glucose levels might be expected in hypertensive or normal people with low-salt consumption compared to those with normal or high-salt consumption, although these differences were not clinically significant.Trial Registration: PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42021256998
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Objective@#To develop an assessment questionnaire for screen based behaviors among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide a basis for comprehensive assessment among the population.@*Methods@#Nineteen experts were invited to take part in this study from August to September 2022. The initial framework and item pool of the assessment questionnaire were developed based on literature review and a series of guidelines and standards issued by the national education and health authorities, as well as relevant domestic and foreign guidelines, and were combined with existing assessment tools that were used to evaluate screen based behavior among these age groups. Experts in related fields were selected for two rounds of Delphi consultation to determine the dimensions, items and corresponding weights of the assessment questionnaire.@*Results@#The response rates from two rounds of consultation were 95.0% and 100.0% respectively, the opinion submission rates were 89.5% and 63.2% respectively, and the authority coefficient ( Cr ) was 0.87. An assessment questionnaire was finally designed, consisting in 44 items and four dimensions, namely screen use type and time, screen use related health behaviors, safety and civilization in screen use, and reasonable arrangement of screen and non screen activities. The coefficient of variation( CV ) of each item ranged from 0.00 to 0.19, and the Kendall s W increased from 0.22 to 0.34( P <0.01). Expert opinions were in agreement and credible.@*Conclusion@#The designed assessment questionnaire can be used to comprehensively evaluate screen based behavior among primary and middle school students, and provides a basis for subsequent intervention measures to improve screen based behavior among this population.
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Objective@#The current situation and associated factors of primary and middle school students screen time and related eye hygiene in different periods before and after COVID-19 were investigated, so as to provide a scientific basis for taking targeted measures of preventing and controlling myopia among those students.@*Methods@#A total of 11 402 students were selected from 24 primary schools, 18 junior high schools and 16 high schools by multi stage stratified cluster sampling method. And a questionnaire survey was conducted among students and their parents to understand students screen time and screen hygiene behaviors and related factors in different periods before and after the outbreak of COVID-19.@*Results@#The rate of screen overuse was 7.26%, 9.12% and 35.30% during school days, weekends and home study, respectively. The overuse rate of mobile phones and tablets at home increases with the increase of school stage. Totally 16.30% of students use mobile phones for online learning. The screen overuse rate of those who have not been diagnosed with myopia was lower than that of those who have been diagnosed during home study( OR=0.77, P <0.05). The higher the parents educational level was, the lower the screen overuse rate of children during the weekends became( P <0.05). In any period, the high proportion of screens used in homework and poor home screen eye environment increased the risk of screen overuse and poor eye hygiene ( P <0.05). Parental good behavior was conducive to reducing the risk( OR= 0.65-0.97, P <0.05). When the family had regulation on the screen use time, the implementation of laxity would increase the risk of screen overuse ( OR=1.18-2.48, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The screen overuse rate of urban primary and middle school students during home study is high, and a certain proportion of students still use mobile phones for online learning. The proportion of screens used in homework, home screen eye environment and screen use management are related to screens overuse. More attention should be paid to those with myopia and low educational level of parents.
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Objective:To explore the application effect of a new type of simulated dermatologic surgical mold based on 3D printing in standardized residency training of dermatology.Methods:In this study, 35 residents in Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2018 to May 2019 were randomly divided into two groups: a new mold group based on 3D printing ( n=18) and a traditional mold group ( n=17). Two groups of residents were examined by dermatologic biopsy on the mold, and the effect of teaching was evaluated by questionnaire survey. SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis, and the measurement data was expressed by (means ± standard deviation). The comparison between the new mold group and the traditional mold group was made by two independent samples t test. Results:The scores of dermatologic biopsy examination of residents in the new mold group were higher than those in the traditional mold group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01); and the scores of the questionnaires for the teaching effect of the new mold group were higher than those of the traditional mold group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The new type of simulated dermatologic surgical mold based on 3D printing, which has been successfully applied in the practical training of residents, lays a solid foundation for the actual clinical operation and significantly improves the teaching effect, providing a broad application prospect.
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Accompanied by the rapid improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment technology and the needs of scientific research, the training of higher professional talents represented by breast surgery postgraduates is facing many challenges. Based on the above background, this study puts forward the new teaching mode combining online and offline, involving evidence-based medicine guidelines, strengthening the aesthetic concept and humanistic teaching quality into the breast surgery teaching system to improve the teaching concept and teaching mode. Through the intuitive information teaching means and clinical case analysis, the students' independent learning and thinking ability can be cultivated. Finally, we look forward to improving the scientific research level and the cultivation of breast surgeons with outstanding comprehensive ability and medical humanistic quality from the optimization of teaching modes.
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Objective@#To evaluate the satisfaction of parents with students eye health services after one year implementation of the "Three-year Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents in Minhang District (2019-2021)", and to provide a reference for optimizing intervention measures.@*Methods@#A total of 20 176 parents were selected with multi-stage sampling method for the satisfaction evaluate.@*Results@#Health services in appointed medical institutions(6 849, 84.65%), providing feedback on the vision screening(16 915, 83.84%) and procedures in appointed medical institutions(6 704, 82.91%) were the top three terms for parents satisfaction with children and adolescents eye health services, respectively. While the eye behavior and eye environment intervention(8 467, 42.01%), parents informing(7 850, 38.91%) and regular follow-up management(7 222, 33.67%) were the top three that were suggested to improvement. Comparative analysis showed that the school period and the history of previous diagnosis of eye diseases had an impact on the satisfaction of children and adolescents eye health services and the demand for improvement significantly (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#After one year of intervention, parents are generally satisfied with the eye health services for students. At the same time, students with different characteristics parents focused on difference needs for health services. It urges more refined and personalized eye health services should be provided.
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The need for long-term treatments of chronic diseases has motivated the widespread development of long-acting parenteral formulations (LAPFs) with the aim of improving drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. LAPFs have been proven to extend the half-life of therapeutics, as well as to improve patient adherence; consequently, this enhances the outcome of therapy positively. Over past decades, considerable progress has been made in designing effective LAPFs in both preclinical and clinical settings. Here we review the latest advances of LAPFs in preclinical and clinical stages, focusing on the strategies and underlying mechanisms for achieving long acting. Existing strategies are classified into manipulation of
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Objective@#To explore the influence of metacognitive group intervention on resilience of college students with social anxiety disorder.@*Methods@#Forty-eight college students with social anxiety disorder were randomized into two groups. The control group (24 patients) received systemic desensitization, and the experiment group (24 patients) received metacognitive group psychological intervention. Social anxiety score, mental health and resilience score were compared before and after intervention of two groups.@*Results@#The total scores of SCL-90 and the sub-scores of each dimension were significantly decreased after intervention, especially among the experiment group (P<0.05). No significant difference were found in the total score of SCL-90 and the scores of each factor at the last follow-up and after intervention in the experiment group (P>0.05). For control group, the total scores of SCL-90 and sub-scores of each dimension increased at the last follow-up compared with after intervention. Compared with before intervention, the LSAS and HAMA scores of the two groups significantly decreased, and the ER 89 score increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the LSAS, HAMA, and ER 89 scores at the last follow-up and after intervention in the experiment group (P>0.05). For control group, the LSAS and HAMA scores at the last follow-up increased, and the ER 89 score decreased compared with after intervention (P<0.05). The LSAS and HAMA scores in the experiment group were significantly lower, and the ER 89 score was significantly higher, than those of the control group after intervention and at the last follow-up (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Metacognitive group psychological intervention can effectively improve resilience among college students with social anxiety disorder, helps reducing anxiety symptoms and promote social self-confidence and initiative.
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Objective To detect 10 kinds of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) and compare their amounts during lactational stage.Methods Breast milk samples in different stages of lactation as colostrum (day 0-7 postpartum),transitional milk (day 8-15 postpartum),and mature milk (day 16-180 postpartum) were collected and 10 HMOS in those samples were detected and quantified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection after fluorescence labeling by using standard curves.Correlations between HMOS and lactation day were conducted by Person correlation analysis method,while the differences among three stages were calculated by ANOVA test.Results Ten HMOS were successfully separated and quantified under chosen chromatographic parameters.2'FL,3'SL,6'SL,LNT,LNnT and LNFP-I were negatively correlated and 3'FL was positively correlated with lactation days.They were different in three lactational stages (P ＜ 0.05),while P1,LNFP-V and LNnFP-V showed no correlation and difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The amount of HMOS changed during lactational stages.Seven HMOS were correlated with lactation days and different in three lactational stages (P ＜ 0.05).
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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common oral mucosal disease. The etiology of OLP is not clear. The treatment of OLP is difficult as some of the OLP patients have little effects to the conventional mucosal treatments. In recent years, laser therapy has been adopted to treat patients with OLP. The CO2 laser therapy has drawn much attention of doctors and scholars because of its advantages in treating the OLP. This review article mainly discusses the principle, effects and some state-of-the-art progresses in OLP treatment using CO2 laser.
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Objective To investigate the ultrasonic image characteristics of Zenker diverticulum(ZD).Methods The ultrasonographic features were summarized using the analysis confirmed by surgery pathology or X-ray imaging of the ZD in six eases.Results The diverticulum of Zenker located behind the thyroid gland in all the six cases,with five cases to the left and one to the right.The internal hyperechoic foci caused by air was found for all the six cases.The diverticulum wall appeared to be semicircular,narrow-band and acoustic halo low echo with an average thinckness of 0.53 mm.The Doppler sonogram of the six diverticulums showed no vascular signal.Conclusions The ZD had several unique characterisitics for identification by ultrasonic diagnosis,which included hyperechoic foci caused by air,internal changes of echo after drinking water and the special layered structure of the five-layer ZD wall.
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OBJECTIVE: To prepare podophyllotoxin-loaded solid lipid (PPT-SLN) gel and establish its quality control method. METHODS: With stearic acid, stearylamine, soybean lecithin as cosurfactant and PPT as principal agent, PPT-SLN suspension was prepared by the method of emulsion evaporation and solidification at a low temperature, then prepared into PPT-SLN gel with carbomer used as gel matrix. The physicochemical properties of the preparation were investigated, the content and entrapment efficiency of PPT were determinated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The stability of the preparation was investigated as well. RESULTS: PPT-SLN gel appeared as lacte translucent semisolid, with its property and test results all in conformity with the related specification in Chinese Pharmacopoia (2005 edition). The nanoparticles were well-distributed in round or oval shape, with an average particle size of (105.3?34.7) nm, entrapment efficiency of 72.5% and pH value of (7.2?0.3). The preparation was stable within 6 months under room temperature. CONCLUSION: The preparation technology of PPT-SLN gel is feasible and its quality is controlable.
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AIM: To study the dynamic levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and gamma interferon (IFN-?) produced by human dendritic cells infected with Dengue virus. METHODS: Monocytes isolated from healthy human peripheral blood were incubated in medium with GM-CSF and IL-4 for more than 7 days. DCs were then collected and identified by scanning electron microscope, immunohistochemistry and lymphocytes stimulatory ability. Human dendritic cells (DC) were infected with Dengue-2 virus (DV-2) in vitro, culture supernatants were collected in different time postinfection (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h), DV antigen in human dendritic cells were demonstrated by an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), production of TNF-?, IL-6 and IFN-? in the culture supernatants were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS: After 7 days, typical dendritic cells could be obtained. Virus antigen were detected in infected DC by IFA. Dengue virus induces TNF-? and IL-6 secretion from DC and does not induce IFN secretion. CONCLUSION: Human dendritic cells are target of dengue virus infection. TNF-?, IL-6 production from DC are increased with DV infection. Dendritic cells may play an important role in DV pathogenicity and immunity.
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Objective To study the effects of podophyllotoxin solid lipid nanoparticles (POD-SLN) on the proliferation of human epidermal cells in vitro. Methods POD-SLN was prepared by using microemulsion technique, the morphology of POD-SLN was examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM), and its particle size and Zeta potential were studied by Zetasizer analyzer. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine the entrapment efficiency of podophyllotoxin (POD) in the nanoparticles, and its stability was observed. Human epidermal cells were treated with different concentrations (0.1-1 000 ?g/L) of POD-SLN, and the proliferation of human epidermal cells was studied at different time points after exposure (6h, 12h, 24h, 48h). The cytotoxic effects of POD-SLN, POD liposome, free POD, blank solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and control groups on human epidermal cells were assessed using a colorimetric MTT cell viability assay. Results POD-SLN displayed spherical or elliptical in shape, and it was stable. The average particle size of POD-SLN was 87.2?10.3nm, Zeta potential was 25.3?0.8mv and the entrapment efficiency of POD in the nanoparticles was 83.2%?2.5%. POD-SLN inhibited the proliferation of human epidermal cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. At the same concentration, the effect of PDP-SLN on anti-proliferation was stronger than that of POD liposome and POD. The inhibition of human epidermal cells after 48h exposure to PDP-SLN, POD liposome, and POD reached 91.05%, 77.02% and 68.46% respectively, at the highest concentration of 1000?g/L, and the IC50 were 2.11?g/L, 16.65?g/L and 101.42?g/L, respectively. Blank SLN had no effect on the proliferation of human epidermal cells. Conclusion This formulation and technology are stable and practical. POD-SLN can significantly inhibit the proliferation of human epidermal cells in vitro and the inhibitory effect was better than that of POD liposome and POD.
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The changes of cytochrome oxidase activity of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) caused by the artificial high intraocular pressure (HIOP) was presented in this paper. Normal saline was injected into the anterior chamber of the right eye of 36 rats. that resulted in an intraocular pressure up to 60 mmHg for 3 hours. The experimental rats were divided into 0-, 3- and 7-day groups according to their survival time. Both retinae of each rat were whole mounted on the same slide, the left one being used as control. Thirty-six pairs of retina were treated with the modified cytochrome oxidase (CCO) histochemical technique under similar conditions. The high CCO activity of RGC were counted. The extinction of the cytoplasm of RGC, which indicates the degree of CCO activity, was measured with microphotometer. As compared with the normal eyes, the high CCO activity RGC of experimental eyes were reduced significantly. It was found that the high CCO activity of RGC in the temporal side of retina has been reduced much more than that of the nasal side. However, the high CCO activity of RGC in 3- and 7-day groups were more than that of 0-day group, the extinction of CCO activity of RGC in 7-day group was lower than that of the 3-day group. These facts showed that the CCO activity might restore in various degrees followed by a longer survival time. This experiment emphasized the fact that the HIOP led to metabolic changes of RGC, which may be of value to the study of glaucoma.