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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) with large unmet medical needs. Multiple pathological mechanisms are considered to contribute to the progression of ALS, including neuronal oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Honokiol (HNK) has been reported to exert therapeutic effects in several neurologic disease models including ischemia stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Here we found that honokiol also exhibited protective effects in ALS disease models both in vitro and in vivo. Honokiol improved the viability of NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells that expressed the mutant G93A SOD1 proteins (SOD1-G93A cells for short). Mechanistical studies revealed that honokiol alleviated cellular oxidative stress by enhancing glutathione (GSH) synthesis and activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. Also, honokiol improved both mitochondrial function and morphology via fine-tuning mitochondrial dynamics in SOD1-G93A cells. Importantly, honokiol extended the lifespan of the SOD1-G93A transgenic mice and improved the motor function. The improvement of antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function was further confirmed in the spinal cord and gastrocnemius muscle in mice. Overall, honokiol showed promising preclinical potential as a multiple target drug for ALS treatment.
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Objective To observe the effect of different fixation methods on cervical curvature and axial symptoms in posterior cervical single?door surgery??Methods From September 2014 to February 2016, 112 patients with multi?segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy underwent surgical treatment in Handan Central Hospital of Hebei Province??According to the lamina fixation methods,they were divided into groups A,B and C??There were 35 cases in group A,using suture suspension method to fix lamina; 34 cases in group B,using anchor suspension to fix lamina;and 43 cases in group C,using mini?titanium plate to fix lamina The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,laminae open angle,spinal drift distance,postoperative neurological recovery,cervical curvature index ( CCI ) and occurrence of axonal symptoms were compared in each group??Results All patients underwent surgery successfully??There were no significant differences in operation time,intraoperative blood loss,laminae open angle and spinal drift distance between the 3 groups (all P＞0??05)??The JOA score of group A was (7??9± 2??2) preoperatively,(9??3± 2??8) at 3 months after surgery,and (13??9±3??4) at the final follow?up??In Group B was (7??7±2??0) preoperatively,(9??1±2??7) at 3 months after surgery,and (13??6±3??7) at the final follow?up??In Group C was (7??8±2??1),( 9??0±2??6) and (13??8 ± 3??5 ), respectively, there were significant differences before and after operation ( Fintra?grouP＝7??271, Pintra?grouP ＜ 0??001; Finter?grouP ＝ 11??372, Pinter?grouP ＜ 0??001; Finteraction ＝ 9??831, Pinteraction＜0??001)??The CCI of group A was ( 22??7± 5??6)% preoperatively,(20??5± 4??4)% at 3 months after surgery,and (16??6± 3??0)% at the final follow?up??The CCI of group B was ( 21??4 ± 5??2)%,( 19??7 ±4??1)% and (17??8±2??9)% respectively??The CCI of group C was ( 21??1 ± 5??0)%,( 20??8 ± 4??6)% and (19??8 ± 4??0)% respectively??There were significant differences between group A and group B in the last follow?up and the three months before and after operation??( all P＜0??05),there was no significant difference between groups C at different time points ( P＞0??05)??According to the visual analogue scoring system,the distribution of axial symptoms in group C was significantly better than that in group A and group B ( Z＝6??678;P＝0??035)??Conclusion Posterior single?door mini?titanium plate fixation can not only improve nerve function,but also prevent cervical curvature loss and reduce the occurrence of axonal symptoms??
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Exosomes are produced by multivesicular bodies,they are extracellular lipid nano-vesicles carrying a variety off bioactive substances,containing lipids,RNA,DNA and proteins.Exosomes produced by tumor cells carry important information about tumor cells.Exosomes produced by hepatocellular carcinoma can participate in the formation of a microenvironment suitable for the proliferation,growth,invasion,metastasis and drug resistance of tumor cells.Meanwhile,circulating exosomes can be used as non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of tumors and as drug delivery vectors for treatment.This review summarizes the characteristics of exosomes in the growth,invasion and metastasis,immune escape,and drug resistance biology of hepatocellular carcinoma,as well as the potential clinical application of early detection and treatment.
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Objective@#To investigate the risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in non-dialysis dependent end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.@*Methods@#ESRD patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan to July 2019 were enrolled. Demographic data of patients were collected and biochemical parameters were measured. Hydration status index (extracellular water/total body water, ECW/TBW) was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and LVH was diagnosed by echocardiography. Patients were divided into LVH group and non-LVH group according to LVH diagnostic criteria, and the incidence of LVH in ESRD non-dialysis patients was calculated. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of LVH.@*Results@#A total of 105 non-dialysis dependent ESRD patients aged (47.03±12.56) years (21-78 years) were enrolled in present study, among whom 74 patients (70.5%) had LVH. Compared to non-LVH group, patients in LVH group had higher proportion of diabetes and calcium antagonist used, higher value of ECW/TBW and ECW/Height, higher level of night systolic pressure, and were older (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed LVH was positively correlated to diabetes (r=0.345, P<0.001), night systolic pressure (r=0.286, P<0.001), night diastolic pressure (r=0.251, P=0.012), calcium antagonist used (r=0.381, P=0.013), ECW/TBW (r=0.383, P=0.005), ECW/Height (r=0.298, P=0.003), 24 h sodium urinary excretion (r=0.257, P=0.025), brain natriuretic peptide (r=0.315, P=0.005) and hemoglobin (r=0.307, P=0.018), and negatively correlated to 24 h potassium urinary excretion (r=-0.248, P=0.023). Logistic regression showed that increased night diastolic pressure (OR=2.036, 95%CI 1.144-3.623, P=0.016) and ECW/TBW (OR=1.232, 95%CI 1.025-1.523, P=0.014) were the independent risk factors of LVH after adjusting for gender, age, diabetes, nocturnal blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs used, ECW/TBW, urinary sodium excretion and hemoglobin.@*Conclusions@#LVH is common in non-dialysis dependent ESRD patients. Over hydration and high night diastolic blood pressure are the independent risk factors of LVH in non-dialysis dependent ESRD patients.
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Objective To investigate the risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in non-dialysis dependent end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Methods ESRD patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan to July 2019 were enrolled. Demographic data of patients were collected and biochemical parameters were measured. Hydration status index (extracellular water/total body water, ECW/TBW) was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and LVH was diagnosed by echocardiography. Patients were divided into LVH group and non-LVH group according to LVH diagnostic criteria, and the incidence of LVH in ESRD non-dialysis patients was calculated. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of LVH. Results A total of 105 non-dialysis dependent ESRD patients aged (47.03 ± 12.56) years (21-78 years) wereenrolled in present study, among whom 74 patients (70.5％) had LVH. Compared to non-LVH group, patients in LVH group had higher proportion of diabetes and calcium antagonist used, higher value of ECW/TBW and ECW/Height, higher level of night systolic pressure, and were older (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed LVH was positively correlated to diabetes (r=0.345, P<0.001), night systolic pressure (r=0.286, P<0.001), night diastolic pressure (r=0.251, P=0.012), calcium antagonist used (r=0.381, P=0.013), ECW/TBW (r=0.383, P=0.005), ECW/Height (r=0.298, P=0.003), 24 h sodium urinary excretion (r=0.257, P=0.025), brain natriuretic peptide (r=0.315, P=0.005) and hemoglobin (r=0.307, P=0.018), and negatively correlated to 24 h potassium urinary excretion (r=-0.248, P=0.023). Logistic regression showed that increased night diastolic pressure (OR=2.036, 95％CI 1.144-3.623, P=0.016) and ECW/TBW (OR=1.232, 95％CI 1.025-1.523, P=0.014)were the independent risk factors of LVH after adjusting for gender, age, diabetes, nocturnal blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs used, ECW/TBW, urinary sodium excretion and hemoglobin. Conclusions LVH is common in non-dialysis dependent ESRD patients. Over hydration and high night diastolic blood pressure are the independent risk factors of LVH in non-dialysis dependent ESRD patients.
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Objective To investigate application effect of strengthened night nursing to the prevent of vascular crisis in patients after finger replantation. Methods A total of 155 patients with finger replantation in Hand surgery from February 2014 to February 2016 were selected as research object, 90 cases from March 2015 to February 2016 with strengthened night nursing were as the observation group,65 cases from February 2014 to February 2015 with routine nursing were as the control group. The two groups were compared of limb replantation success rate, vascular crisis rate and nursing satisfaction. Results The replantation success rate in the observation group was 90.00%(81/90)higher than 76.92%(50/65)in the control group,the occurrence of vascular crisis rate was 11.11%(10/90)lower than 27.69%(18/65)in the control group,the success rate was 7/10 higher than 10/18 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.932, 7.013, 4.216, all P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction in the observation group was (94.32 ± 3.57) points, 93.33%(84/90) higher than (91.22 ± 4.48) points, 83.08%(54/65) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=4.789, χ2=4.071, P<0.05). Conclusions Strengthened night nursing can effectively prevent vascular crisis in patients after finger replantation,improve nursing satisfaction of patients.
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BACKGROUND:Transplantation of alogeneic intervertebral disc can be facilitated by the cryopreservation of the intervertebral disc. But the traditional cryopreservation methods always lead to the appearing of ice crystals inside and outside the cels which can cause celular injury. The vitrification method that can avoid the formation of ice crystals have been widely applied in the cryopreservation field. However, only a few reports have assessed the vitrified cryopreservation of the intervertebral disc, and the toxicity of cryoprotectants to the nucleus pulposus cels have not been fuly explored. OBJECTIVE:To determine the order of toxicity of five commonly used cryoprotectants that are used alone or in combination to rabbit nucleus pulposus cels, and to select the optimal cryoprotectant for the vitrification of the intervertebral disc. METHODS: We chose five most commonly used cryoprotectants including dimethyl sulphoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol. Then, 5 single commonly used cryoprotectants, 10 mixed agents containing any 2 commonly used cryoprotectants, and 10 mixed agents containing any 3 commonly used cryoprotectants were formulated. Cel viability of nucleus pulposus cels was determined using cel counting kit-8 and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide method. Al data obtained were analyzed statisticaly to choose the appropriate combining scheme with less toxicity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The order of the toxicity of these five commonly used cryoprotectants from low to high was ethylene glycol, glycerol, formamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, and propylene glycol. The toxicity of the combined agents containing two or three commonly used cryoprotectants was lower than that of any commonly used cryoprotectants that were used to formulate them. The toxicity of the mixed agents that contained ethylene glycol or glycerol was lower than that of any other mixed agents. So we can choose the mixed cryoprotectants that contain ethylene glycol and (or) glycerol for the vitrification of the intervertebral disc.