Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Testicular Neoplasms , Neutrophils , Prognosis , Lymphocytes , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Case-Control Studies , Retrospective Studies , Lymphocyte Count , White People , Leukocyte CountABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate white blood cell counts and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as markers of systemic inflammation in the diagnosis of localized testicular cancer as a malignancy with initially low volume. Materials and Methods Thirty-six patients with localized testicular cancer with a mean age of 34.22±14.89 years and 36 healthy controls with a mean age of 26.67±2.89 years were enrolled in the study. White blood cell counts and NLR were calculated from complete blood cell counts. Results White blood cell counts and NLR were statistically significantly higher in patients with testicular cancer compared with the control group (p<0.0001 for all). Conclusions Both white blood cell counts and NLR can be used as a simple test in the diagnosis of testicular cancer besides the well-known accurate serum tumor markers as AFP (alpha fetoprotein), hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Testicular Neoplasms/diagnosis , Testicular Neoplasms/blood , Lymphocytes , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/blood , Neutrophils , Prognosis , Reference Values , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Varicocele/blood , Hemoglobins/analysis , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Case-Control Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , ROC Curve , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/pathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Lymphocyte Count , Tumor Burden , Middle AgedABSTRACT
ABSTRACTPurpose:The place of oncological cases of upper urinary system in the laparoscopic learning curve was investigated.Materials and Methods:A total of 139 patients from two different centers underwent laparoscopic operations and were included in this retrospective study.Results:Mean operative times for oncological, and non-oncological cases were 101.3 (range 60-450), and 102.7 (45-490) minutes respectively. Fourty-two (31.3 %) patients were oncological cases. In 4 oncological cases, the surgeons switched to open surgery because of massive bleeding and six (14.2 %) oncological cases required blood transfusions during peri/postoperative periods. Pulmonary embolism was observed in one oncological case. In one non-oncological case, the surgeon switched to open surgery because of intestinal perforation and 10 (9.7 %) non-oncological cases needed blood transfusions during peri/postoperative periods. In addition, some complications such as intestinal perforation (n=1), mechanical ileus (n=1), and pulmonary embolism (n=1) were observed during postoperative period. Intestinal perforation was repaired using laparoscopic (n=1) method. Mechanical ileus was approached with open surgical technique. Mean hospital stay of the patients in the oncological and non-oncological series were 4.5 (3-23) and 4.5 (3-30) days respectively.Conclusion:We think that renal oncological cases should be included in the spectrum of laparoscopic indications even at the beginning of the learning curve. Certainly, we still share the opinion that cancer cases which require highly challenging surgeries like radical cystectomy, and prostatectomy should be postponed till to gaining of higher level of experience.