ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#Congenital birth defects are the main source of disease burden among children under 5 years old in China. This study aims to compare the trends in disease burden of different congenital birth defects among Chinese children under 5 years old from 1990 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for strengthening the comprehensive prevention and control of birth defects.@*METHODS@#Based on data from the Global Burden Disease (GBD) in 2019, the incidence mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate of congenital birth defects among Chinese children under 5 years old from 1990 to 2019 were selected as evaluation indicators. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in disease burden of different types with congenital birth defects over three decades. The study also compared the differences in disease burden of congenital birth defects among children under 5 years old by gender.@*RESULTS@#Compared to 1990, the DALYs rates of congenital heart anomalies (1 931.91/100 000), digestive congenital anomalies (364.63/100 000), neural tube defects (277.20/100 000), congenital musculoskeletal and limb anomalies (133.33/100 000), and Down syndrome (128.22/100 000) in children under 5 years old in China in 2019 were decreased 70.78%, 71.61%, 86.21%, 36.84% and 73.65%, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the mortality rates and DALYs rates of different congenital birth defects showed an overall downward trend, but the incidence of digestive congenital anomalies and Down syndrome showed an upward trend after 2005 and 2001, respectively. Except for congenital musculoskeletal and limb anomalies, incidence of the remaining categories of birth defects were higher in boys than that in girls.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The disease burden of congenital birth defects in children under 5 years old in China is decreased substantially from 1990 to 2019, but the burden of congenital heart anomalies is still serious and the incidence of some birth defect diseases is on the rise, and it is still crucial to strengthen the prevention and treatment for birth defects in children and propose targeted measures according to their gender characteristics.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Cost of Illness , Down Syndrome/epidemiology , East Asian People , Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the effects of high-fat diet exposure on glucolipid metabolism and ovarian function in offspring of female Sprague Dawley rats.@*Methods@#Female and male rats were mated in cages at a ratio of 2∶1. Pregnant mice were collected and randomly divided into normal feed group (control group) and high-fat and high-glucose feed group (observation group). Female offspring were selected as the research object. After the offspring entering the stage of sexual maturity, the blood was taken from abdominal aorta artery. The contents of serum related factors were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was used to directly observe the distribution and quantity of liver tissue and the quantity and structure of ovarian follicles.@*Results@#Compared with the normal control group, the body weight, blood glucose, blood lipids and fat coefficient in high-fat diet rats were significantly increased (P<0.05). The secretions of estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the ovary were significantly reduced (P<0.05). HE slices showed that compared with the normal control group, there were fat vacuoles in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, the increase of hepatocyte arrangement gap, the number of adipocytes and the diameter of fat droplets in the observation group. The quantities of primordial follicles and primary follicles in the ovary showed increasing trend in high-fat diet group, and the diameter of follicles was decreased.@*Conclusions@#High-fat and high glucose diet may cause abnormal glucolipid metabolism. It is speculated that high fat diet may cause ovary to be surrounded by fat through fat accumulation in the abdomen and buttocks of female offspring, which directly leads to dysfunction.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of high-fat diet exposure on glucolipid metabolism and ovarian function in offspring of female Sprague Dawley rats.Methods Female and male rats were mated in cages at a ratio of 2∶ 1.Pregnant mice were collected and randomly divided into normal feed group (control group) and high-fat and high-glucose feed group (observation group).Female offspring were selected as the research object.After the offspring entering the stage of sexual maturity,the blood was taken from abdominal aorta artery.The contents of serum related factors were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was used to directly observe the distribution and quantity of liver tissue and the quantity and structure of ovarian follicles.Results Compared with the normal control group,the body weight,blood glucose,blood lipids and fat coefficient in high-fat diet rats were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The secretions of estradiol (E2),follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the ovary were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05).HE slices showed that compared with the normal control group,there were fat vacuoles in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes,the increase of hepatocyte arrangement gap,the number of adipocytes and the diameter of fat droplets in the observation group.The quantities of primordial follicles and primary follicles in the ovary showed increasing trend in high-fat diet group,and the diameter of follicles was decreased.Condusions High-fat and high glucose diet may cause abnormal glucolipid metabolism.It is speculated that high fat diet may cause ovary to be surrounded by fat through fat accumulation in the abdomen and buttocks of female offspring,which directly leads to dysfunction.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis complicated with infertility and the related factors influencing the post-treatment pregnancy.Methods Between January 2006 and January 2007,104 patients with endometriosis complicated with infertility,including 19 r-AFS stage Ⅰ cases,15 stage Ⅱ cases,36 stage Ⅲ cases,and 34 stage Ⅳ cases,were treated in our hospital.The ectopic endometrial tissues were removed by laparoscopy in all of the patients.And adherent tissues were freed at the mean time.After the procedures,Methylene blue was used to test the patency of the Fallopian tubes.For cases with obstructed Fallopian tubes,salpingoplasty was performed as well.After the operation,the patients received gestrinone therapy for 3 to 6 months and were followed up for pregnancy rate.Results The laparoscopic procedures were completed in all of the 104 cases.The post-operational rate of pregnancy was 38.5%(40/104).In women with stage Ⅰ endometriosis,the pregnancy rate was 42.1%(8/19),while in the stages Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ,the rate was 40.0%(6/15),36.1%(13/36),and 38.2%(13/34),respectively(?2=0.206,P=0.977).The pregnancy rate of the patients with single ovarian chocolate cyst was 54.8%(23/42),and that in the patients with chocolate cyst complicated with ectopic endometrium in other positions or those without chocolate cyst were 22.9%(8/35) and 33.3%(9/27) respectively(?2=8.616,P=0.013).The postoperative pregnancy rate of the patients with chocolate cyst in the right ovary [81.3%(13/16)] was significantly higher than that in the cases with left chocolate cyst [35.7%(5/14)] or chocolate cyst in both sides [41.7%(5/12)](?2=7.412,P=0.025).Conclusions Laparoscopy is effective for endometriosis complicated with infertility with high post-operative pregnancy rate.EMT stages show no effect on the pregnancy rate,which may be associated with the position of ectopic endometrium and the side of chocolate cysts.