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[ABSTRACT]AIM:Toexploretheroleofkisspeptin/GPR54signalingpathwayinthepathogenesisofprecocious puberty based on female precocious puberty rat model induced by the single dose of danazol .METHODS:Female SD rats aged 3 d were randomly divided into normal group , vehicle group and model group .On the 5th day, the model rats were given a single subcutaneous injection of danazol with ethanol and ethylene glycol mixture .All rats were executed on 15 d, 25 d, 30 d, 35 d and 40 d, and the samples were collected to observe the sexual organ development .The levels of E2 , FSH and LH in peripheral blood were measured by ELISA .The Kiss-1 mRNA expression of Kiss-1, GPR54 and GnRH in hypothalamus was detected by real-time PCR.The kisspeptin expression in rat hypothalamus was observed by immunofluo-rescence .RESULTS:The time for puberty onset and sexual maturation in the model rats was significantly earlier than that in normal group and vehicle group .On days 25 and 30, the levels of peripheral sex hormones and uterine coefficients in model group were significantly higher than those in normal group and vehicle group .On days 25 and 30, the ovarian mor-phological development in the model rats was significantly earlier than that in normal group .On day 25, the mRNA expres-sion of hypothalamic Kiss-1 and GnRH, and kisspeptin expression of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in the model rats signifi -cantly increased compared with normal group and vehicle group .On day 30, kisspeptin expression of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in the model rats decreased compared with normal group and vehicle group .On day 35, the mRNA expression of Kiss-1 and GnRH in the model rats decreased compared with normal group and vehicle group .The mRNA expression of GPR54 had no obvious difference among all groups .CONCLUSION:The Kiss-1 mRNA and kisspeptin expression in the model rats with precocious puberty is significantly increased in the hypothalamus during onset of puberty , suggesting that kisspeptin is an initiating factor for precocious puberty .Kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling pathway may play an important role in the occurrence of precocious puberty .
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Objective: To explore the effects of Cordyceps extract in regulating the imbalance of Th1/Th2 ratio and inhibiting the inflammatory reaction, and to find the theoretical basis of Cordyceps extract for treating asthma in remission stage. Methods: A total of 20 peripheral venous blood samples (3 mL) were collected from 20 asthmatic children during remission stage, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated by Ficoll method. PBMCs were separated into three groups (blank group, low-dose group and high-dose group). The PBMCs were incubated in vitro for 48 hours in the absence (blank group) or presence (low-dose group and high-dose group) of Cordyceps extract at different concentrations (10, 20 mug/mL). The expressions of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet), GATA-binding protein-3 (GATA-3) and forkhead/winged-helix transcription factor-3 (Foxp3) mRNAs in PBMCs were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the contents of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 in supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The expressions of IFN-gamma mRNA showed no significant differences among the three groups. The expressions of the IL-4 mRNA in the high-dose group and the low-dose group were lower than that in the blank group (P=0.014, P=0.011). The expression of IL-10 mRNA in the high-dose group was higher than that in the blank group (P=0.034). And the differences of the IFN-gamma mRNA/IL-4 mRNA ratio presented no statistic significance among the three groups. The level of IL-4 content in the high-dose group was lower than that in the blank group (P=0.018), but the level of IL-10 content, and ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-4 in the high-dose group were higher than those in the blank group (P=0.011, P=0.045). The differences of the IFN-gamma presented no statistic significance among the three groups. The T-bet/GATA-3 ratio and Foxp3 mRNA expression in the high-dose group were higher than those in the blank group (P=0.001, P=0.015). There was significant difference in expression of GATA-3 mRNA between the high-dose group and the blank group (P=0.028), and between the low-dose group and the blank group (P=0.019). The expression differences of T-bet mRNA were insignificant between any two groups. Conclusion: Cordyceps extract can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of Th2 cells and reduce the expression of related cytokines by down-regulating the expression of GATA-3 mRNA and up-regulating the expression of Foxp3 mRNA in PBMCs. Meanwhile, it can alleviate the chronic allergic inflammation by increasing the content of IL-10.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) on improvement of predicted adult height (PAH) in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) initiating treatment at age of eight years or over and analyze its related factors.Methods Forty-nine girls with ICPP aged eight years and over were treated with GnRHa for ( 17.4 ±5.6) months initiating at age of (9.3 ± 0.6) years during 2005 and 2008.They were followed-up every three to six months to evaluate its effects on growth velocity (GV), height standard deviation score for chronological age (HtSDS-CA), height SDS for bone age (HtSDS-BA), PAH, and so on, as well as their related factors.Results PAH increased after GnRHa treatment, from ( 157.7 ± 4.5) cm six months after treatment to ( 159.2 ±4.4) cm 12 months after treatment, and to ( 160.8 ±5.0) cm by the end of treatment from ( 155.5 ±5.1 ) cm at its initiation (P ＜0.01 ).There was significant difference in PAH by the end of treatment and target height (TH) [( 157.6 ±3.4) cm].HtSDS-BA increased since six months after GnRHa treatment, from ( -0.64 ±0.68) six months to ( -0.52 ±0.70) 12 months after it and ( -0.36 ±0.68)by the its end, all significantly different from ( - 0.94 ± 0.68 ) that at the initiation of treatment ( P ＜0.01 ).There was no significant difference in HtSDS-CA before and after treatment.GV decreased from the initiation (6.3 ± 1.3) cm/yr to (4.8 ± 1.5) cm/yr by the end of treatment ( P ＜ 0.01 ).No significant association between PAH and age of the initiation of treatment and between PAH and age by the end of treatment were found (P ＞ 0.05 ).But, PAH reversely correlated with bone age, and positively correlated with HtSDS-CA, HtSDS-BA, GV, TH and length of treatment ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions GnRHa can remarkably improves PAH in girl with ICPP.PAH mainly correlates with HtSDS-BA, TH and GV at the initiation and the end of treatment.
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Objective:To explore the mechanism of Trametes Robinioplila on regulating the imbalance of Th1 and Th2 ratio in gene and protein level,and to find the theoretical basis of the fungus for treating asthma in remission stage.Methods:The PBMC from asthmatic children were divided into three groups(blank group,middle-dose group,large-dose group),and then treated respectively with Trametes Robinioplila(0g/L,3g/L,6g/L) and culture medium for 48 hours respectively.The expression of IL-4 and IFN-? mRNA in cellular precipitation were measured,and the expression of IL-4 and IFN-? in supernatant were measured too.Results:After PBMC cultured with Trametes Robinioplila for 48 hours,the expressions of IL-4 mRNA,IFN-?,IFN-?/IL-4 mRNA ratios and IFN-?/IL-4 ratios were significantly different(P0.05) between large-dose group and middle-dose group.Conclusion:Trametes Robinioplila markedly increased the expression of IFN-? and decreased the expression of IL-4 mRNA,then regulated the imbalance of IFN-?/IL-4 and Thl/Th2 ratios in asthmatic children in remission stage.
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Objective:To compare therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine prescriptions for nourishing Yin to purge pathogenic fire,and prescriptions for relieving the depressed liver in treatment of sexual precocity of girls.Methods:The girls with sexual precocity were divided with random,double blind and control methods into a treatment group treated with the prescription for nourishing Yin to purge pathogenic fire,Zaoshu No.Ⅱ,and a control group treated with the prescription for relieving the depressed liver, Xiaoyao Pill.The medicines were given with double blind and double simulated methods.The mammary nucleus index,mammary Tanner phasing,cumulative scores of TCM syndromes,B type ultrasonography(volume of the uterus,ovary,the biggest follicle diameter),change of bone age were followed up and compared before and after treatment in the two groups.Follow-up was completed in 132 cases.Results:The treatment group in the mammary nucleus index,mammary Tanner phasing,decrease of cumulative scores of TCM syndromes after treatment was better than the control group(P0.05).Conclusion:Chinese medicine for nourishing Yin to purge pathogenic fire,Zaoshu No.Ⅱ,in therapeutic effect for treatment of sexual precocity of girls is better than the Chinese medicine for relieving the depressed liver,Xiaoyao Pill.