ABSTRACT
Purpose@#Liver metastasis (LM) is reported in approximately 40% of patients with advanced/ metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma; mGEA) and is associated with a worse prognosis. This post-hoc analysis from the RAINBOW trial reported the efficacy, safety, and biomarker outcomes of ramucirumab and paclitaxel combination treatment (RAM+PAC) in patients with (LM+) and without (LM−) LM at baseline. @*Materials and Methods@#Patients (n=665) were randomly assigned on a 1:1 basis to receive either RAM+PAC (LM+: 150, LM−: 180) or placebo and paclitaxel (PL+PAC) (LM+: 138, LM−: 197). The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated using stratified Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression models. The correlation of dichotomized biomarkers (VEGF-C, D; VEGFR-1,2) with efficacy in the LM+ versus LM− subgroups was analyzed using the Cox regression model with reported interaction P-values. @*Results@#The presence of LM was associated with earlier progression than those without LM, particularly in patients receiving PL+PAC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.68). RAM+PAC treatment improved OS and PFS irrespective of LM status but showed greater improvement in LM+ than that in LM− (OS HR, 0.71 [LM+] vs. 0.88 [LM−]; PFS HR, 0.47 [LM+] vs. 0.76 [LM−]).Treatment-emergent adverse events were similar between patients with and without LM. No predictive relationship was observed between biomarker levels (VEGF-C, D; VEGFR-1,2) and efficacy outcome (OS, PFS) (all interaction P-values >0.05). @*Conclusions@#RAM provided a significant benefit, irrespective of LM status; however, its effect was numerically stronger in patients with LM. Therefore, RAM+PAC is a clinically meaningful therapeutic option for patients with mGEA and LM.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of the trauscranial magnetic stimulation on the migration of phosphoprotein-enriched astrocytes-15kDa (PEA-15).Methods Third or fourth generation rat astrocytes cuhured in vitro were divided into a control group,a transfected group,a magnetic stimulation group and a transfected + magnetic stimulation group.The control group was undergone transfect of negative siRNA.In transfected group and the transfected + magnetic stimulation group the liposome in the astrocyte was transfected instantly with chemically synthesized PEA-15 siRNA,so as to interfere with the expression of PEA-15 protein.Magnetic stimulation was applied to both tranfected and transfected + magnetic stimulation groups 24 h after plating of astrocytes at 1 Hz and 60％ the maximal output of the stimulator.Cell scratch tests were used to assess the astrocytes' migration,and Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of PEA-15 and protein phosphorylation.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of PEA-15 protein decreased significantly in the transfected groups.The cell migration in the transfected group,the magnetic stimulation group,and the transfected + magnetic stimulation group was significantly greater than in the control group.Compared with the control group,the phosphorylation of PEA-15 increased significantly in the magnetic stimulation group.Conclusion When PEA-15 expression is interfered with,the migration of astrocytes increases significantly.Magnetic stimulation may promote the migration of astrocytes by enhancing PEA-15 phosphorylation.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the movement patterns of the geniohyoid muscle in swallowing of healthy subjects by using the real-time B/M-mode ultrasound imaging.Methods Thirty healthy subjects were recruited and the movement patterns of their geniohyoid muscles in swallowing of 5 ml juice-like,thin liquid,honey-like and budding-like bolus.The parameters included the range and the duration of geniohyoid muscle movement.Each subject was measured for 3 times to get the average.Results The range of geniohyoid muscle movement in swallowing of the above bolus was (6.993 ± 1.776)mm,(7.463 ± 1.947)mm,(8.446 ±2.293)mm and (8.905 ±2.057)mm,respectively,with significant differences among them except that between juice-like and thin liquid bolus swallowing,as well as between honey-like and budding-like bolus swallowing.The duration of geniohyoid muscle movement was (0.899 ±0.129)s,(1.019 ±0.149)s,(1.119 ±0.111)s and (1.211 ±0.141)s in juice-like,thin liquid,honey-like and budding-like bolus swallowing,with significant differences among them.When swallowing the same bolus,the range and duration of geniohyoid muscle movement of males were significantly longer than those of females.Conclusions B/M-mode imaging provides a useful technique for assessment the movement of the geniohyoid muscle.The bolus viscosity has an impact on the movement of the geniohyoid muscle.Compared with the range of movement,the duration of geniohyoid muscle movement is a better index for evaluating the effect of bolus viscosity on the geniohyoid muscle movement.