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AIM:To study the expression of signal transduction molecules in the striatum G protein protein 4 (RGS4) and dopamine D2 receptor (D2) in conditioned place preference (CPP) rats treated with methamphetamine (meth).METHODS:METH dependence CPP model was established (1 week and 2 weeks of METH dependence groups),The protein expression of RGS4 and D2,inhibitory G protein alpha-subunit (Gαi),mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) in striatum were determined by Western blotting (WB).The changes of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content in striatum of rats were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS:Compared with saline control group,the average time of rats in the methamphetamine-paired chamber for two groups was increased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with saline control group,RGS4 protein expressions in the two METH dependent groups were reduced (P ＜0.01);compared with 1 week of METH dependence group,that of 2 weeks group was reduced significantly(P ＜ 0.05).D2,Gαi,MAPK protein and cAMP expressions in the two METH dependent groups were increased (P ＜ 0.01);compared with 1 week of METH dependence group,those of 2 weeks were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:RGS4 and D2 receptor signaling pathways in striatum have changed in METH dependent rats,RGS4 may be involved in the regulation of METH-dependent D2 receptor signaling pathway in METH dependent rats.
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Objective T o detect the genotype of A B O blood group by SN aPshot technology. Methods D N A w ere extracted from the peripheral blood sam ples w ith know n blood groups (obtained by serology) of 107 unrelated individuals in Y unnan. Six SN P loci of the 261th, 297th, 681th, 703th, 802th, and 803th nucleotide positions w ere detected by SN aPshot M ultiplex kit, and relevant genetics param eters w ere cal-culated. Results In 107 blood sam ples, the allele frequencies of types A , B , O A, and O G w ere 0.3551, 0.1682, 0.2300 and 0.2476, respectively, w hile that of types A G and cis A B w ere not detected. T he geno-typing results of A B O blood group w ere consistent w ith that of serologic testing. Conclusion SN aPshot technology can be adapted for genotyping of A B O blood group.
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Objective This report performed an retrospective analysis on 103 cases of falling accident by exploring the relationship between falling height and injury, horizontal distance, types of cases. Method All the statistics were collected from cases between 2001~2015 in Kunming, and calculated by spss17.0. Result Skull fracture was commonly seen in cases with falling height above 11m. And rib fracture was commonly seen in cases with the height above 21m. A positive correlation between falling height and horizontal distance was found in this experiment. Suicide was more common in case with height above 11m and horizontal distance above 1.1m. Conclusion Injury and horizontal distance can serve as a supplementary index to evaluate falling height and the types of cases.
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Objective Acquiring genetic information of Y-SNPs and Y-STRs genetic makers from samples with the surname of Kong, which is useful for exploring the correlation between surname and Y chromosome in forensic applications studies.Methods Two multiplex genotyping assays and SNaPshot assay were used to analyze 255 unrelated male blood samples who share the same surname Kong and 330 unrelated male blood samples obtained randomly. 17 Y-STRs were typed for the surname Kong population samples. The software Arlequin 3.5.1.2 and the program Network 4.6.1.1 were used for data statistical analysis.Results 13 haplogroups were observed. The highest haplogroup frequency in the two populations were O3a2c1a-M117 (21.57%, 14.85%). 196 haplotypes in Kong population deifned by 17 Y-STRs locus were obtained and the haplotype diversity was 0.9939. 14-12-25-28-19-15-12-19-12-11-12-22-12-11-14-10-19 is the typical haplotype. Median Joining algorithm and Mismatch Distribution were adopted to analyze the Y-STR haplotye under haplogroup O3-M122, and the result shows that there are two “central star” distribution. Conclusion Combined with Y-SNP and Y-STR analysis showed that the Kong population had experienced complicated exchanges and expansion or continued growth, which has more than one surname origin. Hence, its population genetic structure and historical differences have potential applications in forensic science.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the association of 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from chromosomes X and 20 with androgenetic alopecia among ethnic Han population from Yunnan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An eight-SNP co-amplification protocol was developed for the genotyping with a SNaPshot platform. A case-control study was carried out for the 8 SNPs from chromosomes X and 20 in 115 androgenetic alopecia cases and 125 healthy controls. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS17.0, Haploview4.2, SHEsis and MDR software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No association was found between the two groups with regard to the 4 SNPs located on the X chromosome. The genotypic frequencies of rs2180439, rs913063 and rs1160312 were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). The frequency of T allele of rs2180439 was significantly higher in the case group (P < 0.05). The frequencies of A alleles of rs913063 and rs1160312 were significantly higher in the case group (P < 0.05). The haplotypes of C-T-C-G, T-C-C-G and T-T-A-A based on rs6137444-rs2180439-rs913063-rs1160312 showed significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). rs6137444, rs21804393 and rs1160312 have a strong association with androgenetic alopecia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 4 SNPs located on chromosome X were all monomorphic among ethnic Hans from Yunnan. The rs6152, rs16990427, rs1352015, rs1385699 SNPs located on chromosome 20 are associated with androgenetic alopecia in the same population. Individuals with T allele of rs2180439 and A allele of rs913063 and rs1160312 are more likely to develop androgenetic alopecia.</p>
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Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alopecia , Genetics , Case-Control Studies , China , Ethnology , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 , Chromosomes, Human, X , Genotype , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
In forensic case, the location diagnosis determination of drowning has been one of the most important and dififcult diagnosis. Then diatom test is considered to be a relatively reliable method for the diagnosis of drowning. According to community characteristics inferred from diatoms into the different water region has been credibility. The study of the diatoms in different waters identiifcation is reference to the determination of the body drowned into the water area. In this paper, the research progress of diatom relevant biological characteristics and test methods on review for forensic workers is related to the further research and reference case in practice.