Psychopathological Characteristics of Modern Type Depression / 생물치료정신의학

Objectives@#This research probes into the characteristics of modern type depression (MTD) in South Korea, drawing parallels to Japan’s hikikomori state. It aims to bridge cultural value gaps and highlight its significance in South Korea, given the observed reclusive youth behaviors. @*Methods@#Participants undertook a semi-structured interview assessing hikikomori tendencies and MTD. Also, self-reports were done using the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25), 22-item Tarumi’s Modern-Type Depression Trait Scale: Avoidance of Social Roles, Complaint, and Low Self-Esteem (TACS-22), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Young’s Internet Addiction Test (YIAT), Smartphone Addiction ScaleShort form Version (SAS-SV), Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (RULS), Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6). Scores were analyzed by group (MTD, control) using and logistic regression was done. Additional analysis was done by group (modern type with hikikomori and modern type without hikikomori). @*Results@#Of 59 participants, 29 had MTD. In both groups, age and sex were matched with differences in education years. The MTD group contained 14 hikikomori individuals. Logistic regression identified the HQ-25 as a significant predictor for MTD. Notably, specific components like “low self-esteem” in TACS-22 and “isolation” in the HQ-25 significantly influenced MTD status. HQ-25 and RULS were significantly different between modern type with hikikomori and modern type without hikikomori. @*Conclusions@#Using Japanese diagnostic criteria, this study illuminated MTD in Korean patients. The findings underscore isolation and low self-esteem predicted diagnosis of MTD. As MTD shares common pathological traits with hikikomori, the therapeutic interventions are important in Korea.

Association Between the Need for Mental Health Intervention and Mental Health Problems Among the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic / 생물치료정신의학

Objectives@#During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the prevalence of anxiety and depression in the general population was higher than before the pandemic. Identifying subjects at high risk for mental disorders may be necessary for effective mental health intervention. This study examines the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and anger and the related factors in the general population living in Daegu City one year after the COVID-19 pandemic. @*Methods@#This study collected data on sociodemographic variables, the need for mental health intervention, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory state anger from 1,000 subjects. This study performed independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, post hoc analysis, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression analyses to examine the relationship between sociodemographic variables including the need for mental health intervention and depression, anxiety, and anger. @*Results@#The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and anger were 22.4%, 31.3%, and 42.3%. The need for mental health intervention was associated with the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and anger (p<0.001). Additionally, the risk of depression, anxiety, and anger was higher in the group with the need for mental health intervention compared to those without the need (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; anxiety, 3.270 [2.337–4.575], p<0.001; depression, 4.475 [3.284– 6.097], p<0.001; anger, 4.225 [3.121-5.718], p<0.001). @*Conclusions@#One year after the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and anger in the general population of Daegu City was high. The subject’s perceived need for mental health intervention is associated with the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and anger and helps identify subjects requiring additional mental health intervention.