Mechanism of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsules on improving liver injury in hyperlipidemia rats based on MAPK pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and preliminary mechanism of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsules( DJC) on liver of hyperlipidemic rats. The hyperlipidemia models were successfully made by high-fat diet for 12 weeks in male SD rats,and then divided into model control group and DJC treatment groups( 500 and 1 000 mg·kg~(-1)·d-1) via gavage administration for additional 8 weeks.The levels of serum lipid and liver metabolism indices were detected; HE and oil red O staining were used to observe the pathological changes of liver. Expression levels of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2( ERK1/2),c-Jun N-terminal kinase( JNK),and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase( p38 MAPK) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction( RT-PCR). Expression of MCP-1,phosphorylated ERK( p-ERK),phosphorylated JNK( p-JNK),and phosphorylated p38 MAPK( p-p38) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that DJC decreased body weight and serum levels of total cholesterol( TC),triglyceride( TG),alanine aminotransferase( ALT),aspartate aminotransferase( AST),increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-C) level,ameliorate injury and lipid deposition in the liver induced by the high-fat diet,decreased mRNA expression of ERK1/2,JNK and p-38 MAPK as well as protein expression of p-ERK,p-JNK,p-p38,and MCP-1,somewhat showing a dose-dependent effect. Therefore,DJC has an obvious protective effect on liver of hyperlipidemic rats with certain dose-dependent effect,and the mechanism may be related with inhibiting MAPK pathways and inflammation.

Research of mechanisms of liraglutide inducing expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 in white adipose tissues of obese type 2 diabetic rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of liraglutide on expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 in white ad-ipose tissues and its mechanisms. Methods Male SD rats were subjected to a standard control diet or high-fat diet ( HFD) for 12 weeks, then the HFD group was in-jected introperitoneally with 30 mg · kg-1 streptozoto-cin to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus model. Half number of rats of type 2 diabetes mellitus were injected with liraglutide ( DM +LRG, 0. 4 mg · kg-1 · d-1 , two times one day ) for another 6 weeks. Serum bio-chemical indices and FGF21 levels were detected. The pathological changes in epididymal adipose tissues were detected by HE staining. The mRNA and protein ex-pression and phosphorylation of FGF21 , peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ( PPARγ) , fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3),β-Klotho, liver ki-nase B1(LKB1), AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), a-cetyl-CoA carboxylase ( ACC ) and phosphorylation of signaling molecules in MAPK pathway were assessed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot re-spectively. Results Body mass and serum lipid, ALT and AST levels increased in DM group, while FGF21 level decreased, and the volume of adipose cells in ep-ididymal adipose tissues was expanded. Expressions of FGF21, PPARγ, p-FGFR3, β-Klotho, p-LKB1, p-AMPK, p-ACC were down-regulated, while p-ERK, p-JNK and p-p38 expression were all increased. These indices were reverted by liraglutide treatment. Conclu-sion Liraglutide has significant lipid-lowering effect, which maybe related with increased FGF21 expression, activating AMPK pathway and inhibiting MAPK path-way.

Endoscopic posterior septectomy for patients with nasopharyngeal tumor / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the techniques, advantages and disadvantages, indications and cautions of a surgical approach for the resection of nasopharyngeal tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten cases with nasopharyngeal tumors were recruited in this study, of them, 3 cases with residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy, 2 cases with cavernous angioma, 2 cases with benign mixed tumor, 1 malignant mixed tumor, 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 1 chordoma. All patients underwent endoscopic resection of posteroinferior quarter part of nasal septum, and then the removal of nasopharyngeal tumors through bilateral transnasal approach.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Total resection of the tumor was achieved for all cases without severe surgical complications. All cases with benign tumors, with following-up of 6-18 months, showed no recurrence. Of 6 cases with malignant tumors, with following-up of 12-48 months, 5 cases showed no recurrence, and 1 case was suspected to relapse one year postoperatively, but not with any lesion enlargement after another 6 month follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Posteroinferior quarter part of nasal septectomy is preferred for endoscopic resection of nasopharyngeal tumors because it can provide a panoramic view on nasopharyngeal cavity and tumors, thus, facilitating the removal of nasopharyngeal tumors.</p>

Study on the mechanism of action of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana for reducing blood glucose level in rat with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possible mechanism of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana (TFLC) on reducing blood glucose level in rat with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male SD rats of T2DM allocated in two groups were treated with 400 mg/kg TFLC or metformin respectively via gastrogavage for 6 weeks. Blood routine biochemical indices in rats were measured; pathology of rats' liver was examined with HE stain under transmission electron microscopy; levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver homogenate were determined, and the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in liver was detected using RT-PCR at the terminal of the experiment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Biochemical measuring showed that the glucose tolerance of rats after treatment was markedly improved in both groups. Meantime, levels of fast blood glucose (FBG), glycohemoglobin (HbA1c), fast blood insulin (FINS), free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as MDA level in liver were decreased, while levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in blood and SOD in liver were significantly increased in both groups after treatment, showing insignificant difference between two treatment groups. Light microscopic examination showed markedly fatty degeneration of liver, and electron microscopic examination found mitochondria swelling and endoplasmic reticulum breakage in liver of T2DM rats, but these changes were ameliorated to some extent after treatment. The elevated PTP1B expression in liver of T2DM rats was decreased in the TFLC treated group, but unchanged in the metformin treated group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TFLC can significantly decrease the blood levels of glucose and lipid and ameliorate oxidation stress in liver; its mechanism of action in improving insulin resistance might be related with its suppression on PTP1B expression in rat's liver to enhance the insulin signaling pathway.</p>

Relationship between alcohol drinking and alcohol-related health problems / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between drinking environment, attitudes and situation and alcohol-related health problems.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A sample of 2327 respondents was randomly collected from Wuhan, Hubei Province in China by a face-to-face interview. The structural equation modeling analysis was performed for the data collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both parents' drinking behaviors and respondents' drinking situation strongly impacted the alcohol-related problems and diseases. Friends' or peers' drinking behaviors influenced the respondents' drinking attitudes and behaviors. Males experienced more alcohol-related problems and diseases than females.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Comparatively, parents' drinking behaviors exert the most significant influence on drinkers. Therefore, it is beneficial to restrict parents' drinking behaviors for the offsprings and the whole society, and an intensive professional education in early motherhood is also necessary for Chinese women.</p>