Resilience as Mediator and Moderator of Relationship between Experience of Workplace Bullying and its Consequences among Hospital Nurses / 한국직업건강간호학회지

Purpose@#This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the mediating and moderating effects of resilience in the relationship between experience of workplace bullying and its consequences among hospital nurses. @*Methods@#The participants included 187 registered nurses working in general hospitals or a tertiary hospital in Busan and Gyeongnam Province, South Korea. Data were collected from October 25-November 30, 2019, using structured questionnaires. The moderating effects were examined using stepwise hierarchical multiple regression models. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 statistical program. @*Results@#The results demonstrated that resilience had a moderating role in the relationship between experience of workplace bullying and its consequences in hospital nurses (β=.01, p=.024). However, resilience showed no mediating effect. @*Conclusion@#To prevent and control workplace bullying, as well as to minimize its negative effects, it is necessary to develop a program that can enhance the resilience of hospital nurses.

Influence of Nursing Professionalism and Campus Environment on the Perception of Ethical Sensitivity among Nursing Students / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the influence of nursing professionalism and campus environment on the perception of ethical sensitivity among nursing students. METHODS: A descriptive survey design was used for this study. The participants were 323 nursing students attending four universities in Busan and Kyungnam. Data collection was conducted from November 25 to December 25, 2017 using a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The factors influencing ethical sensitivity of nursing students were identified as professional self-concept (β=.36), nursing role (β=.24), scholarship (β=.17), practicability (β=.17), and propriety (β=-.13). Five factors explained 40.5% of nursing students' ethical sensitivity. CONCLUSION: The results of this study can be used to develop further educational programs on nursing professionalism and campus environments for enhancement of nursing students' ethical sensitivity.

Factors Influencing Smartphone Addiction in Adolescents

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship among depression, school adjustment, parent-child bonding, parental control and smartphone addiction, and to identify factors which influence smartphone addiction in adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used, with a convenience sample of 183 middle school students from 3 middle schools. Data collection was conducted through self-report questionnaires from April to May, 2017. Data were analyzed using χ² test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation coefficient analysis, and binary logistic regression with SPSS Ver. 21.0. RESULTS: The mean score for smartphone addiction was 29.40. Of the adolescents, 21.3% were in the smartphone addiction risk group. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR=7.09, 95% Cl: 2.57~19.52), school life (OR=0.86, 95% Cl: 0.79~0.93), smartphone usage time (OR=1.32, 95% Cl: 1.04~1.66), and parental control (OR=4.70, 95% Cl: 1.04~21.29) were effect factors for the smartphone addiction risk group. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that school satisfaction was an important factor in adolescents' smartphone addiction. Control oriented parent management of adolescents' smartphone use did not reduce the risk of smartphone addiction and may have worsen the addiction. Future research is needed to improve understanding of how teachers and parents will manage their adolescents' use of smartphones.

The Effectiveness of a Cultural Competence Training Program for Public Health Nurses using Intervention Mapping

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effects of a cultural competence training program for public health nurses (PHNs) using intervention mapping. METHODS: An embedded mixed method design was used. Forty-one PHNs (experimental: 21, control: 20) and forty marriage migrant women (MMW) (20, in each group) who were provided nursing care by PHN participated in the study. The experimental group was provided with a four-week cultural competence program consisting of an eight hour offline and online course, e-mail newsletters and social networking services (BAND). Transcultural Self-efficacy (TSE) of the PHNs, client-nurse trust, and satisfaction with nursing care of MMW were measured. Ten PHNs in the experimental group were interviewed after the experimental study. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in TSE, client-nurse trust, and satisfaction with nursing care than did the control group. Six themes emerged from qualitative data: (a) Recognizing cultural differences, (b) Being interested in the multicultural policy, (c) Trying to communicate in MMW's own language, (d) Providing medical information using internet and smart phone, (e) Embracing culturally diverse people into society, and (f) Requiring ongoing cultural competence training. CONCLUSION: Cultural competence training enabled PHNs to provide culturally competent care and contribute to MMW's health outcomes.

Influence of Self Efficacy, Social Support and Sense of Community on Health-related Quality of Life for Middle-aged and Elderly Residents Living in a Rural Community

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, social support, sense of community and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), including the direct and indirect effects of the variables on HRQoL. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 249 middle-aged and elderly residents living in a rural community in A-County, K Province. The structured questionnaire included 4 scales from the Euro Quality of life-5 Dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), and measures of General Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Sense of Community. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 20.0 and AMOS 21.0 program. RESULTS: The mean HRQoL score for the participants was 0.87+/-0.13. Self-efficacy (beta=.13, p=.039) and age (beta= -.38, p<.001) were significantly associated with HRQoL, explaining 21% of the variance. In the path analysis, self-efficacy showed a significant direct effect on HRQoL (beta=.14, p=.040) and significantly mediating relationships between both social support (beta=.05, p=.030) and sense of community (beta=.02, p=.025) and HRQoL. CONCLUSION: Although self-efficacy was found to be the main predictor for HRQoL, the findings imply that social environmental factors such as social support and sense of community need to be considered when developing interventions to increase HRQoL in middle-aged and elderly residents in rural communities.

A Study on the Cultural Competence of Community Health Practitioners

PURPOSE: This study aimed to describe the cultural competence among community health practitioners (CHPs). METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used with a convenience sample of 257 CHPs. Data collection was conducted with a structured questionnaire, including Cultural Competence Assessment. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA with the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: Most participants reported a moderate level of cultural competence (M=3.0, SD=0.41). Scores for culturally competent behaviors were high (M=3.4, SD=0.48) and cultural knowledge scores were low (M=2.6, SD=0.54). Those CHPs who were living with their family, were working in rural area, and had more opportunities to contact with multicultural patients and experience abroad showed significantly higher cultural competence. CONCLUSION: The findings support the need for future education and training to enhance CHPs' cultural competence.