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The mortality rate of lung cancer has been high all over the world. In recent years, targeted drugs have become a new and effective method for the treatment of advanced lung cancer, but the early diagnosis and long-term effective treatment are still great challenges in lung cancer. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a unique RNA molecule with ring structure, which exhibits excellent stability and expression specificity. Increasing studies found that the expression of several circRNAs in tumors were abnormal. This abnormal expression is not only related to malignancy of tumors, but also involved in regulating the progress of tumors, which provides a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Therefore, this article reviews the expression, the diagnostic and prognostic value as well as pathogenesis of circRNAs in lung cancer in order to find new targets for early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. .
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Objective To study the reporting status of notifiable infectious diseases in a general hospital,grasp epidemiological characteristics and patterns,and provide scientific basis for the preventive measures of infectious diseases.Methods Epidemic data of notifiable infectious diseases reported by a hospital in 2007 -2011 were ana-lyzed statistically.Results Reporting rate of notifiable infectious diseases was 0.40%(15 386/3 852 327)in 2007-2011 ,and were statistically different among each year (χ2 =94.93,P <0.01),the major age of reported cases were 14-45 years(46.70%),the main transmission routes were blood and sex (60.68%),followed by respiratory tract (33.06%).The reporting rates among different months were statistically different(χ2 =487.60,P <0.01 ),April ranked first for five consecutive years(0.53%),followed by December(0.51 %)and May(0.48%).The main repor-ted infectious diseases included viral hepatitis(42.82%),varicella(20.06%),syphilis(16.96%),rubella(5.41 %), and pulmonary tuberculosis(3.75%).Conclusion Bloodborne diseases,sexually transmitted diseases,and infec-tious respiratory diseases are the stress in the prevention and control of infectious disease,management should be in-tensified.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the efficacy of pedicled greater omentum transposed to mediastinum in prevention against postoperative in-hospital intrathoracic complications after esophagectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 148 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer undergoing Ivor-Lewis surgery in our department from January 2010 to May 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 84 patients with omental transposition(transposition group) and 64 patients without omental transposition(non-transposition group) were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Postoperative hospital stay was shorter in patients with omental transposition compared to those without omental transposition(P<0.05). Intrathoracic infection rate was significantly lower in transposition group(33/84, 39.3%) than that in non-transposition group(36/64, 56.2%), and as was the combined sepsis rate[19/33, 57.6% vs. 31/36, 86.1%, P<0.05]. No significant differences were found in the morbidity of anastomotic leakage, wound infection, cardiac complication and mortality during hospitalization. The median postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in transposition group than that in non-transposition group(13.0 vs. 16.5 days, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Omental transposition to mediastinum can reduce the development and severity of intrathoracic infection and shorten hospital stay in patients undergoing esophagectomy.</p>
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Humans , Anastomotic Leak , Esophageal Neoplasms , General Surgery , Esophagectomy , Methods , Mediastinum , General Surgery , Omentum , Transplantation , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of preconditioning with 3-nitropropionie acid on myocardial apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury.Method Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into control group(group C,n=8),precondition group(group 3-NPA,n=8)and 5-HD group(group 5-HD,n=8).The group 5-HD was treated intravenously with 5 mg·kg-1 5-HD(ATP-sensitive potassium channels blocker),group C and group 3-NPA received normal saline instead of 5-HD.Ten minutes later,5-HD group and 3-NPA group were injected with 3-NPA(3 mg·kg-1)and the group C was injected with normal saline.Twenty-four hours later,the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 30 min and then unclamped for 120 min to estabhsh ischemi-a-reperfitsion injury model.After reperfusion,the infarct sizes of ventricular myocardium,apoptotic myocardial cells and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were measured.Results Infarct sizes and apoptotic myocardial cells in group 3-NPA were less than those in the others(P＜0.01).The expressions of Bcl-2 in group 3-NPA.in-creased as compared with group C(P＜0.05)and group 5-HD(P＜0.05),whereas the expressions of Bax in group 3-NPA decreased as compared with group C(P＜0.05)and group 5-HD(P＜0.05).Conclusions Preconditioning with 3-nitmpropionie acid reduces myocardial apoptosis induced by isehemia-reporfusion injury which is attributed to the opening of mitochondrial KATP channels.
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In order to study the cardioprotective effects of diazoxide on the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury of rats and mechanisms, the healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 2groups: the rats in the experimental group were injected with diazoxide for preconditioning with the dosage of 12.5 mg/kg through the right femoral vein and those in the control group was only administered with the equal volume of media. After 10 min, a left thoracotomy was performed and the left anterior descending branch was occluded for 2 h. Two h later, the left anterior descending branch was reperfused for 2 h and then the heart was quickly excised to be used for measurement of MDA, SOD and the infarct size, in situ cell apoptosis detection and observation of the cell ultrastructure by electron microscopy. The results showed that as compared with the control group, MDA, the infarct size and cell apoptosis in the experimental group were greatly reduced (P＜0.05). And the cell ultrastructure was obviously improved. But the activity of SOD had no change (P＞0.05). It was concluded that diazoxide could protect the rats from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, which might be contributed to the reduction of lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis.
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Data from 736 patients undergoing prosthetic heart valve replacement surgery and concomitant surgery (combined surgery) from January 1998 to January 2004 at Union Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation. The results showed that prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass duration, prolonged aortic cross clamp time and low ejection fraction less than 50 percent (50 %)were found to be independent predictors for prolonged mechanical ventilation. Meanwhile age,weight, and preoperative hospital stay (days) were not found to be associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation. It was concluded that, for age and weight, this might be due to the lower number of old age patients (70 years and above) included in our study and genetic body structure of majority Chinese population that favor them to be in normal weight, respectively.
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Data from 736 patients undergoing prosthetic heart valve replacement surgery and concomitant surgery (combined surgery) from January 1998 to January 2004 at Union Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors For prolonged mechanical ventilation. The results showed that prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass duration, prolonged aortic cross clamp time and low ejection fraction less than 50 percent (50%) were found to be independent predictors for prolonged mechanical ventilation. Meanwhile age, weight, and preoperative hospital stay (days) were not found to be associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation. It was concluded that, for age and weight, this might be due to the lower number of old age patients (70 years and above) included in our study and genetic body structure of majority Chinese population that favor them to be in normal weight, respectively.
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In order to study the cardioprotective effects of diazoxide on the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury of rats and mechanisms, the healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the rats in the experimental group were injected with diazoxide for preconditioning with the dosage of 12.5 mg/kg through the right femoral vein and those in the control group was only administered with the equal volume of media. After 10 min, a left thoracotomy was performed and the left anterior descending branch was occluded for 2 h. Two h later, the left anterior descending branch was reperfused for 2 h and then the heart was quickly excised to be used for measurement of MDA, SOD and the infarct size, in situ cell apoptosis detection and observation of the cell ultrastructure by electron microscopy. The results showed that as compared with the control group. MDA, the infarct size and cell apoptosis in the experimental group were greatly reduced (P0.05). It was concluded that diazoxide could protect the rats from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, which might be contributed to the reduction of lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis.
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This study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of preconditioning with 3-nitropropionic acid, an inhibitor of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase. 16 isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into two groups, a treatment group and a control group. The rats of the treatment group were treated intraperitoneally with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA, 4 mg/kg)and the rats of the control group were treated with saline. 24 h after the treatment, the isolated hearts were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus. After 30 min, the hearts were subjected to 30-min ischemia and 60-min reperfusion. The HR, LVDP and ±dp/dtmax were measured at pre-ischemia and 30 min, 60 min after the reperfusion. Coronary effluent was collected 15 min after the reperfusion for the determination of CK and LDH. At the end of the 60-min reperfusion the heart was removed for the determination of myocardial SOD and MDA. Our results showed that in the 3-NPA group LVDP and ±dp/dtmax recovered significantly better, myocardial MDA, CK and LDH were significantly lower and the myocardial SOD was significantly higher than in the control group.It is concluded that chemical preconditioning by 3-nitropropionate has cardioprotective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Summary: The effects of diazoxide treatments on electrophysiologyic properties in guinea pig papillary muscles undergoing ischemia/reperfusion was studied using intracellular microelectrode technique. Twenty-four guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups (n=8 in each group). In control group, St.Thomas solution was given. In experimental group, St.Thomas solution with diazoxide (100 mol/L) was given. In pretreatment group, the muscle was treated with diazoxide 20 min before arrested with St.Thomas cardioplegia. The results showed that the APD50 and APD90 in experimental and pretreatment groups were significantly shorter after 5 and 10 min reperfusion (P<0.01, P<0.05), but longer after 30 min reperfusion (P<0.01, P<0.05) than in control group. In experimental and pretreatment groups, APA, OS, Vmax recovered more quickly than those in control group. The time to re-systole after reperfusion in control group was longer than that in experimental and pretreatment groups. There was no significant difference in RP among three groups. The time of arrest in pretreatment group was longer than that in experimental and pretreatment group (P<0.05). This study indicates that protective effects of St.Thomas solution with diazoxide is better than that of pretreatment with diazoxide or St.Thomas solution alone.
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The effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) on Angiontensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ )-induced protein contents, c-fos protein levels and cytosolic Ca2+ level ([Ca2+ ]i) in cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were observed. Total protein contents were determined by Bradford method. The expression of c-fos protein was detected by Western blot. [Ca2+ ]i labeled with fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM was measured under a laser scanning confocal microscope. The results revealed that as compared with control, the total protein contents were increased in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang Ⅱ (10-7 mol/L), which could be inhibited by CsA in a dose-dependent manner. It was found that Ang Ⅱ could increase the c-fos protein expression, which could be inhibited by CsA in a dose-dependent manner.Ang Ⅱ induced the [Ca2+ ]i elevation in cardiomyocytes. CsA did not influence the resting intracellular Ca2+ , but inhibited significantly the Ang Ⅱ-induced [Ca2+ ]i elevation. It was concluded that CsA can suppress the Ang Ⅱ-induced c-fos protein expression and [Ca2+ ]i elevation in single cardiomyocyte, which might play a role in the prevention of Ang Ⅱ -induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by CsA.
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To observe the protective effect of heparin-coated circuits (HCC) on the platelet function during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 23 patients with heart valve replacement were studied. The system heparin dose was 3 mg/kg in the control group (n = 15) and heparin-coated circuits in the HCC group (n = 8). Platelet count, alpha-granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140) concentrations were determined before CPB, at 60 min of CPB, 30 and 60 min after protamine administration, first 12 h after CPB, respectively. At end of CPB the arterial filters in the circuits were observed by electron microscopy. The amount of first 12-h postoperative blood loss was measured. There was significant reduction in platelet loss during and after CPB in the HCC group in contrast to the control group during CPB (P<0.05). During the first 12 h, postoperative blood loss was reduced in the HCC group as compared with that in the control group (218+/-61 ml, vs. 332+/-118 ml, P<0.05). Electron microscopy showed that in the HCC group the filter meshes and their fringes were clear and fragments of floccules were occasionally seen, without adherent cells or only few adherent cells on their surfaces, whereas several cellular and fibrous components were found to adhere to the surfaces of the filter meshes in the control group. This study indicates that heparin-coated circuits might reduce the platelet loss and activation during CPB and improve hemocompatibility of cardiopulmonary bypass equipment.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anticoagulants , Metabolism , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Blood Coagulation , Blood Platelets , Metabolism , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Therapeutic Uses , Extracorporeal Circulation , Fibrinolytic Agents , Metabolism , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Heparin , Metabolism , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Mitral Valve Insufficiency , General Surgery , P-Selectin , Metabolism , Platelet ActivationABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the effect of on modified St.Thomas solution with mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener diazoxide on guinea pig papillary muscles protection after myocardial hypoxia. Methods: Twenty-four guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups. In control group, cardioplegia was routine St.Thomas solution. In treatment group, cardioplegia was used modified St.Thomas solution. In blocker group, the muscle was treated with the specific potassium channel blocker glibenchamide 15 minutes before arrest used diazoxide cardioplegia. Myocardial electrophysical before and after cardioplegic arrest in guinea pig papillary muscles were studied. Results: 1, Time of recovery was shortened significantly in treatment group (P
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Objective To investigate the cardioprotective effects of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) pretreatment against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Sixteen male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 8 each):(1) 3-NPA group received intraperitoneal 3-NPA 4 mg?kg-1 24 h before the animals were sacrificed and (2) control group received normal saline instead of 3-NPA. The animals were sacrificed and the hearts were immediately removed and mounted on Langendorff apparatus and perfused with K-H solution saturated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 37℃ . After being perfused for 30 min the hearts were subjected to 30 min global ischemia by suspension of perfusion followed by 60 min reperfusion. The HR, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and ? dp/dtmaxd were recorded before ischemia and at 30 and 60 min of reperfusion. Coronary effluent was collected at 15 min of reperfusion for determination of CK and LDH activity. At the end of 60 min reperfusion the hearts were removed for determination of myocardial MDA content and SOD activity.Results LVDP and ? dp/dtmax recovered significantly better in 3-NPA group than in control group. The myocardial MDA content, CK and LDH release were significantly lower in 3-NPA group than in control group. The myocardial SOD activity was significantly higher in 3-NPA group than in control group. Conclusion Chemical preconditioning with 3-NPA protects the heart from I/R injury.