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Objective: To explore the association between excite seeking personality and alcohol use, and provide reference basis for intervention measures of drinking behavior. Methods: Totally 5966 college students in 8universities [2180 males, mean age (20 ± 1) ] were selected from Hunan province by using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. We Chat-based anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted by using general questionnaire, excite-seeking personality scales, alcohol questionnaire, and alcohol use disorders identification test. Results: The rate of 12-month alcohol drinking, binge drinking, hazardous and harmful drinking among college students were 47. 5％, 24. 5％, 7. 4％, respectively. High degree of excite seeking personality had more likelihood to having had alcohol drinking, binge drinking, hazardous and harmful drinking (Ps ＜ 0. 01). Excite seeking personality was an independent risk factor of 12-month alcohol drinking, binge drinking, hazardous and harmful drinking. Conclusion: It suggests that excite-seeking personality may be a related factor of alcohol drinking behavior.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between trait mindfulness( TM) and rumina-tion,as well as the mediating effects of experiential avoidance(EA) and thought suppression(TS) in under-graduates. Methods A sample of 1 219 undergraduates was recruited to complete Mindful Attention Aware-ness Scale,Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ,the White Bear Suppression Inventory and Rumination Response Style Questionnaire. Results (1) The significant positive correlations of each two different fac-tors were found among experiential avoidance (18. 020±7. 446),thought suppression (47. 769±10. 011) and rumination (47. 668±10. 497),and the correlation coefficients were 0. 466,0. 546 and 0. 525 respectively, all P<0. 01. TM (64. 977± 9. 623) was found to be significantly related with EA ( r=-0. 450),TS ( r=-0. 424) and rumination (r=-0. 527),all P<0. 01. (2) Partially mediating effect of EA ( effect value=-0. 132) and TS (effect value=-0. 073) were both found in TM and rumination,and the proportion of these two effects were 25. 0% and 13. 9%,respectively. The chain mediating effect of EA and TS (effect value=-0. 042 ) was also found between TM and rumination, whose indirect effect size was 8. 0%. Conclusion The relationship between TM and rumination in undergraduates can be mediated by EA and TS respectively,as well as their chain effect.
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To investigate psychological characteristics in different clinical subgroups of insomniacs, and to provide the basis for the accurate simplification of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Methods: A total of 212 insomniacs from November 2014 to June 2017 in Clinical Psychology Department or Sleep Department of 2 general hospitals in Hunan Province were included in convenient and classified into sleep onset insomnia (SOI), difficulty maintaining insomnia (DMI), early morning awakening insomnia (EMAI), and combined insomnia (CI) subgroups. Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale 16 version (DBAS-16), Sleep-Related Behavior Questionnaire (SRBQ), Pre-sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to investigate the psychological characteristics. Results: SOI and CI insomniacs had a higher frequency in use of sleep-related behavior than those with DMI; CI had a higher frequency in use of sleep-related behavior than those with EMAI (all P<0.05). Both SOI and CI insomniacs had a higher level of pre-sleep cognitive arousal than DMI and EMAI (all P<0.05). CI insomniacs noticed more consequences of insomnia and had more worries on insomnia than DMI, and CI insomniacs had more expectations of sleep than SOI (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Insomniacs with different clinical subgroups have different features of psychological characteristics. Both the insomnia subgroups and the psychological characteristics should be taken into account when we simplify cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) precisely.
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Humans , Anxiety , Arousal , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Sleep , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To revise rumination on sadness scale (RSS) and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version rumination on sadness scale (RSS-C) in Chinese undergraduates.Methods A total of 1 166 undergraduates from 4 universities in Hunan province completed RSS,ruminative response scale (RRS) and Beck depression inventory-Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ).The test-retest was conducted in 111 participants 2 weeks later.Results Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis showed the RSS-C included 11 items,consisting of causal analysis,understanding oneself and one's sadness and uncontrollability of ruminative thinking factors.The scores of each item in the high score group were significantly higher than those in the low group(P＜0.001),and the correlation between each item and the total score was significant(r=0.594-0.719,P＜0.001).The confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit(x2/df=3.938,GFI =0.957,NFI =0.940,CFI =0.954,TLI =0.930,IFI =0.954,RMSEA =0.070).The internal consistency for RSS-C and three factors ranged from 0.694 to 0.868,and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.620 to 0.833.The scores on RSS-C and three factors were significantly associated with RRS(r=0.555-0.637,P＜0.01),BDI-Ⅱ (r=0.211-0.403,P＜0.01) respectively.Conclusion RSS-C has good reliability and validity and can be used as an effective instrument to assess rumination on sadness in Chinese undergraduates.
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According to the cognitive behavior theory and meta-cognitive theory of health anxiety, to examine the association between alexithymia, cognition factors or meta-cognition factors and health anxiety. Methods: A total of 1 164 medical students were investigated by the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, the Health Cognitions Questionnaire, the Meta-cognitions about Health Questionnaire and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Results: 1) Correlation analysis showed that alexithymia, dysfunctional beliefs, meta-cognition were significantly positively correlated with health anxiety (r=0.227-0.477, all P<0.01); 2) The results of structural equation model indicated that alexithymia could not exert effects on health anxiety directly (β=-0.05, 95% CI -0.123 to 0.021). The alexithymia could exert effects on health anxiety indirectly not only through dysfunctional beliefs (β=0.192, 95% CI 0.156 to 0.235), but also through the chain-mediated effect of dysfunctional beliefs and meta-cognitions (β=0.103, 95% CI 0.077 to 0.135). Dysfunctional beliefs fully mediated the relation between alexithymia and health anxiety (β=0.247, 95% CI 0.196 to 0.290). Conclusion: Alexithymia can affect health anxiety through the mediating effects of dysfunctional beliefs and meta-cognition.
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Humans , Affective Symptoms , Anxiety , Culture , Metacognition , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Mindfulness-based psychotherapy, known as the third-wave cognitive behavior therapy, showed a multi-cultural integration trend. As part of it, willing acceptance and commitment therapy not only took root in the discoveries in the fields of evolutionary psychology and cognitive psychology, but also absorbed the concepts of psychotherapy from Chinese traditional culture. As a result, it regards truth and harmony as the essence of health, proposes a triangle model (health/pain-willing acceptance-striving) to elucidate the mechanism of psychopathology and psychotherapy in theory. Operationally, it contains four principles of psychotherapy, which are as follow: "knowing yourself and others, reaction but adequately, reality as well as harmony, willing acceptance and striving". Furthermore, it proposes eight therapeutic procedures including "understand yourself, recognize suffering, check coping style, keep openness and acceptance, mindfulness and flexibility, live in the moment, clarify the value, and commit action". With these principles and procedures, willing acceptance and commitment therapy aims to fade the neural trace of patients' painful memories, improve their psychological flexibility and rebuild their lifestyles consistent with their values.
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Humans , Acceptance and Commitment Therapy , Adaptation, Psychological , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Mindfulness , Stress, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Objective To explore the reliability and validity of the preliminary revision of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) in Chinese undergraduates.Methods Considering the differences in the cultural and linguistic,the PHLMS was translated and used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 1 221 undergraduates.All participants were also surveyed with five facets mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ),the white bear suppression inventory (WBSI) and acceptance and action questionnaire-2rd edition (AAQ-Ⅱ) as conduct reliability and validity test.Results The exploratory factor analysis showed that PHLMS could extract two factors,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 40.355％.The confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit (x2/df=2.781,CFI =0.945,NFI =0.884,IFI =0.922,TLI =0.906,CFI =0.922,RMSEA =0.053).The internal consistency reliability of the awareness subscales was 0.785,and the internal consistency reliability of the acceptance subscales was 0.772.The correlation coefficients among the PHLMS and FFMQ was significant(r=0.398,P＜0.01).The acceptance subscales were significantly negatively correlated with WBSI and AAQ-Ⅱ(r=-0.458,-0.288,P＜0.01).Conclusion The validity and reliability of the Chinese version of PHLMS meet the measurement criterion.
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Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese-version of the scale for the assessment of illness behavior(SAIB) in Chinese medical college students. Methods In view of the professional and cultural basis of the translation of SAIB,723 medical students were asked to complete the SAIB and the Illness Attitude Scale. After two weeks,75 students were followed to complete the SAIB. Re-sults After the analysis of the scale project analysis and the exploratory factor analysis,23 entries were re-tained and five common factors were extracted( verification of diagnosis,expression of symptoms,medication/treatment,consequences of illness,somatic symptom scanning),and accounted for 56.14％ of the total vari-ance.The confirmatory factor analysis identified a five factors model(SRMR=0.057,χ2/df=1.80,SRMR=0.06,RMSEA=0.05,GFI=0.912,CFI=0.93,TLI=0.91,IFI=0.93,PGFI=0.72,AGFI=0.89).The correla-tion validity between SAIB scale total score and treatment experience and symptoms affected in IAS scale were -0.31,-0.36 (P<0.01).Reliability coefficients of the five dimensions and total score ranged from 0.61 to 0.88,and the test-retest reliability was 0.78. Conclusion The Chinese version of the scale for the assess-ment of illness behavior is a reliable and valid instrument in Chinese.
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Objective To investigate the relationship with willing acceptance,striving and subjective well-being(SWB).Methods A total of 1800 staff of a general hospital in Changsha were assessed by willing acceptance and striving questionnaire (WASQ) and the brief subjective well-being scale for Chinese citizen (SWBS-cc20).Results (1) The average level of willing acceptance,striving and SWB of hospital staff were 41.71± 13.92,51.45± 17.08 and 84.55±21.48.(2)There were statistically significant differences among SWB in different marital status,educational level,profession,professional title,family per capita monthly income and ages(all P＜0.05).(3) The score of SWB in high willing acceptance group was significantly higher than that in low willing acceptance group (t=16.18,P＜0.01),while the score of SWB in high striving group was significantly higher than that in low striving group (t=17.39,P＜0.01).(4)Willing acceptance and striving had positive correlation with SWB (r=0.697,r=0.700,P＜0.01).(5) Willing acceptance (β=0.502,P＜0.01) and striving (β=0.490,P＜0.01) positively predicted subjective well-being (R2 =0.499,P＜ 0.01).Conclusions Willing acceptance and striving can improve the level of SWB and promote mental health.
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Objective To explore the relationship of disease conviction and metacognition with health anxiety in medical students.Methods A total of 914 medical students were assessed by the Metacognitions about health anxiety questionnaire(MAQ-HA),short health anxiety inventory(SHAI) and the cognitions about body and health questionnaire(CABAH).Results (①24.07％ of medical students were reported to have health anxiety.There were no significant differences between female medical students" health anxiety (11.6±4.8) and male medical students" health anxiety (11.1 ± 5.2).There were significant differences in health anxiety among medical students of different grades.②The catastrophizing interpretation of bodily complaints,autonomic sensations,bodily weakness,intolerance of bodily complaints and metacognition were significantly positive correlated with the health anxiety(r=0.253-0.474,P＜0.01),and the health habits of disease conviction were significantly negative correlated with the health anxiety.In addition to health habits(r=-0.131,P＜ 0.01).Disease convictions (The catastrophizing interpretation of bodily complaints,autonomic sensations,bodily weakness,intolerance of bodily complaints) were significantly positive correlated with the metacognition(r=0.212-0.296,P＜0.01).③Structural equation model analysis showed that disease conviction had a positive influence on metacognition(β=0.40).Metacognition had a positive influence on health anxiety (β =0.33),and an mediating effect made by metacognition counted 36.7％ of the total effect.Conclusion Disease conviction can directly affect health anxiety,and also indirectly influence it through metacognition.
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Objective To explore the relationship of disease conviction and metacognition with health anxiety in medical students.Methods A total of 914 medical students were assessed by the Metacognitions about health anxiety questionnaire(MAQ-HA),short health anxiety inventory(SHAI) and the cognitions about body and health questionnaire(CABAH).Results (①24.07％ of medical students were reported to have health anxiety.There were no significant differences between female medical students" health anxiety (11.6±4.8) and male medical students" health anxiety (11.1 ± 5.2).There were significant differences in health anxiety among medical students of different grades.②The catastrophizing interpretation of bodily complaints,autonomic sensations,bodily weakness,intolerance of bodily complaints and metacognition were significantly positive correlated with the health anxiety(r=0.253-0.474,P＜0.01),and the health habits of disease conviction were significantly negative correlated with the health anxiety.In addition to health habits(r=-0.131,P＜ 0.01).Disease convictions (The catastrophizing interpretation of bodily complaints,autonomic sensations,bodily weakness,intolerance of bodily complaints) were significantly positive correlated with the metacognition(r=0.212-0.296,P＜0.01).③Structural equation model analysis showed that disease conviction had a positive influence on metacognition(β=0.40).Metacognition had a positive influence on health anxiety (β =0.33),and an mediating effect made by metacognition counted 36.7％ of the total effect.Conclusion Disease conviction can directly affect health anxiety,and also indirectly influence it through metacognition.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the status of subjective well-being (SWB) for medical staffs who contact with patients directly in a tertiary hospital. @*METHODS@#Staffs from a tertiary hospital in Hunan province were investigated the SWB Scale (SWBS-cc20) from 2012 to 2014. @*RESULTS@#The scores of SWB for medical staffs are high (81.67±12.33). Among the 10 sub-dimensions of SWB, medical staffs performed the best in family atmosphere, personal growth, and interpersonal adaptation, while performed the worst in physical health, mental health and material contentment. Title, job nature, education and occupation significantly affected the status of SWB. Staffs who directly connected with patients have less scores of SWB than those who do not (t=-4.80, P<0.001). Moreover, they perform better in contentment (OR=0.079, 95% CI 1.278 to 2.214, P<0.001), but worse in mental health (OR=1.315, 95% CI 1.023 to 1.690, P<0.05) and physical health (OR=1.313, 95% CI 1.029 to 1.677, P<0.05). @*CONCLUSION@#Medical staffs have high scores of SWB. Staffs who directly connected with patients have less scores of SWB than those who do not. Moreover, they perform better in contentment, but worse in mental health and physical health.
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Humans , Medical Staff , Mental Health , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
Objective To explore the characteristics and influential factors of resilience in empty-nest elderly with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) living in the poor area.Methods A total of 1 188 empty-nest elderly in the poor area of Hunan was sampled,analysis of covariance (ANCOVA),path analysis was used to analyze the data which were investigated by the two questionnaires including Index of SRQS.Results The prevalence of MCI in these 1 188 empty-nest elderly in rural area was 37.6％.The empty nest elderly in MCI group reported low resilience scores than those in cognitive normal group((58.84t 11.53) vs (63.58± 11.62) ; P＜0.001).ANCOVA and path analysis indicated that direct influences of income (β=3.324),education level (β=2.041),MoCA score (β=0.281) while age had indirect influences on it(β=-0.173).Conclusion Resilience in empty-nest elderly with MCI is low.Cognitive function,income and education are the direct influencing factor for resilience of the empty-nest elderly in the rural area.
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Objective To form a concise and useful warning scale of suicide ideation of inpatients with somatic disease.Methods 2 677 inpatients who were more than 15 years old were randomly selected in a comprehensive hospital during the period of 2010.11-2013.02.Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS),Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and self-designed questionnaires which included general information,suicide risk factors and somatic disease were applied.Chi square test,partial correlation analysis,t test,correlation analysis and ROC curve analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results 1.The warning scale of suicide ideation which contained 18 items was formed.2.The Cronbach's Alpha reliability of the warning scale was 0.84 and its split-half reliability was 0.60.Criterion-related validity studies showed that the scores of the 18 items were positive correlated with SDS and SAS(r SDS =0.50,r SAS =0.54,P＜0.01).This scale also had good structure validity.3.The ROC curve concluded that the area under curve was 0.83,the sensitivity was 68.40％ and the specificity was 79.20％.Positive and negative predictive values were 21.22％ and 96.83％ respectively.Conclusion The reliability and validity of the warning scale entirely accorded with psychometric demands.It also has good specificity and negative predictive value,so it is suitable for clinical promotion.
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Objective To study the sleep quality of the parents whose children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) as an investigative tool was used to investigate 36 cases of parents with CP children and 36 cases of parents with normal children.Results The sleep problem report rate was 34.72％ in parents with CP children,and 19.44％ in parents with normal children,their difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.255,P ＜0.05).Score of PSQI(5.72 ±3.54 vs 3.19±2.76,t =3.380,P ＜0.01),sleep quality(1.33 ±0.83 vs 0.78 ±0.34,t =3.371,P ＜0.01),fall asleep time (1.28 ± 0.88 vs 0.72 ± 0.36,t =3.027,P ＜ 0.01),hours of sleep (1.16 ± 0.72 vs 1.01 ±0.62,t =2.278,P ＜ 0.05),and insomnia(1.23 ± 0.56 vs 0.75 ± 0.28,t =2.949,P ＜ 0.01) of parents with CP children were significantly different from the parents with normal children.Score of PSQI (6.21±0.85 vs4.32 ±0.73,t =3.380,P ＜0.01),sleep quality(1.14 ±0.73 vs 0.89 ±0.66,t =2.986,P＜ 0.01),fall asleep time (1.22 ± 0.81 vs 0.96 ± 0.83,t =2.853,P ＜ 0.01),hours of sleep (1.09 ± 0.66vs 0.85 ± 0.71,t =2.136,P ＜ 0.05),insomnia (1.15 ± 0.63 vs 0.83 ± 0.62,t =2.513,P ＜ 0.01)and daytime function(1.19 ± 0.43 vs 0.88 ± 0.62,t =2.586,P ＜ 0.01) of mothers with CP children were significantly different from fathers with CP children.Conclusions The sleep quality of parents of CP children are worthy of attention.
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ObjectiveTo study the relationship between impulsive behavior and alexithymia in pupils in Changsha.Methods 702 pupils were tested with Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-11) and Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20).Results ( 1 ) Male pupils had significantly higher scores of total BIS and non-planning impulsiveness than female (24.47 ± 5.30 vs 23.40 ± 5.59,P ＜ 0.05 ; 62.25 ± 9.46 vs 60.35 ± 9.91,P ＜ 0.05 ).Pupils in elder age group had only significantly higher total score of BIS than pupils in younger age group ( total:62.36 ± 9.69 vs 60.29 ± 9.68,P＜ 0.01 ).(2) Pupils with high impulsivity had significantly higher scores of total and factor scores of alexithymia than pupils with low impulsivity (total:57.43 ± 10.16 vs 46.55 ± 8.77,P ＜0.01 ).The total scores of BIS were positively correlated with total scores of alexithymia ( r =0.40,P ＜ 0.01 ) and factor scores of alexithymia ( r =0.25 ～ 0.33,P ＜ 0.01 ).Stepwise regression analysis revealed that total scores of BIS explained by DIF,DDF and EOT were 18％.ConclusionThere are certain gender and age differences in impulsivity impulsive behavior of 8 to 13 years old pupils.There exist the low to moderate correlations between impulsivity and alexithymia in pupils.
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Objective To study the development of impulsive personality in junior middle school students of Changsha, and to explore its relationship with parental rearing patterns. Methods 409 students were investigated by Egna Minnenav Barndoms Uppfostran ( EMBU ) and Barratt Impulsivity Scale ( BIS-11 ). Results Male and female had significant difference in attention impulsiveness scores((20.56 ±3.60) vs ( 19.63 ±3.07) , P< 0.01). Grade 7 and Grade 9 had significant difference in attention and motor impulsiveness scores((20. 58 ± 3.47)vs (19.63 ±3.46) , P<0.05;(20. 31 ±4.37)vs (21.75 ±4.00) , P< 0.01). Parental warmth and understanding was negatively correlated with attention , non-planning and total scores of impulsiveness ( r= - 0. 23 ～ -0.33, P<0.01). Parental refusal and rejection was positively correlated with total and factors of BIS-11 ( r = 0. 23 ～0. 33 , P<0. 01 ) . Parental punishment and rigor was positively correlated with motor and total scores of im-pulsiveness( r = 0.22 -0.26, P<0.01). Parental over-interference and overprotection was positively correlated with motor impulsiveness ( r = 0. 23 ～0. 34, P<0. 01). Mother's punishment and rigor was positively correlated with attention impulsiveness( r = 0.22, P<0. 01 ). Father' s overprotection and Mother' s over-interference and overprotection was positively correlated with total scores of impulsiveness ( r = 0. 23 ;0. 25 , P < 0. 01) . Stepwise regression analysis revealed that factors and total of BIS-11 explained by patterns rearing were 12% ,14% ,15% and 19% . Conclusion Rearing patterns can severely impact the development of impulsive personality. Impulsive personality is positively predicted by parental rearing patterns.
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Objective To study the development of self-concept and parental rearing style in primary and secondary school students and the relationship between them.Methods A stratified cluster sample of 319 students from fourth grade in primary school to first grade in high school,9～16 years of age,were investigated with the Piers-Harris Children's self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and the EMBU.Results Inter-grade differences existed in the total score of self-concept and its subscales except popularity (F=2.170～4.288,P＜0.05),as well as in the most factors of parenting except father's intrusiveness,father's overprotection,mother's intrusiveness and overprotection,and mother's punishment (F=2.449～7.596,P＜0.05),with the maxima of self-concept (total score 61.05±9.00,behavior 13.85±1.94,intellect status 11.48±3.10,physical appearance 8.33±2.50,lack of anxiety 10.13±2.39,happiness 8.38±1.23) and the minima of father's punishment and rejection and mother's rejection (15.08±2.80,7.33±2.23,10.43±3.26) both in the sixth grade pupils (P＜0.05).Parental emotional warmth was positively correlated to self-concept (r=0.188～0.389),while parental punishment and mother's rejection was negatively correlated to (r=-0.112～-0.540),and father's rejection was also negatively correlated to (r=-0.160～-0.420) except physical appearance.All of these correlations were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Self-concept of primary and secondary school students and parental rearing style interact with each other,and develop curvily with children's growing.
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0.05).②The average scores of psychological abuse sub-scale scold and threaten dimension of the male students were higher than those of the female ones(P
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Objective: To invesgate the situation of psychological abuse and neglect among juveniles with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) and explore the characteristics of behavior and self-concept in psychological abused/neglected juveniles with GAD.Methods: A sampling survey was made in 9495 juveniles(5~17) from six regions of Hunan Province.After using the two-stage epidemiologic research method,409 children including 206 normal controls,99 GAD without abuse/neglect and 104 GAD with abuse/neglect,completed CPANS,CSCS and their parents completed CBCL.Results: There were significantly higher rates of psychological abuse or neglect in the GAD group than the normal controls;the factor scores of juveniles with GAD were significantly higher than those with no mental disorders in all six aspects in CPANS(P=0.000),higher scores of internalizing and externalizing behaviors characterized the subgroup of juveniles with both GAD and abuse history compared with the subgroup with GAD without such history,and the scores including total score,behavior,anxiety,gregariousness and happiness factors(P=0.000),of the subgroup of juveniles with GAD and abuse histories were significantly lower than the GAD subgroup without abuse or neglect.Conclusion: Psychological abuse and neglect are more prevalent and severe in juveniles with GAD than in normal ones;when psychological abuse/neglect co-occurs with GAD,juveniles’ behavior problems are even greater and their level of self-concept are much lower.