A new xanthone from the Polygala tenuifolia Willd. of northern Shaanxi / 药学学报

Ten compounds were isolated and purified from ethanol extracts of dried roots bark of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. by various chromatography techniques such as silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as β-sitosterol (1), tenuifolin (2), 6-methoxy coumarin (3), 7-phenyl-1-hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethoxyxanthone (4), 1,8-dihydroxy-3,4,7-trimethoxyanthone (5), mangiferin (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (7), rutin (8), syringaldehyde (9), salicylicacid (10). Among them, compounds 3, 4 and 5 were isolated from the genus of Ploygala for the first time and compound 4 was a new xanthone. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of compounds 3, 4 and 5 were evaluated by Ellman colorimetric method, compounds 3 and 5 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity, compound 4 exhibited weak inhibitory activity.

Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined expandable tubular retractor in the treatment of spinal metastases / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effectiveness of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined expandable tubular retractor in the treatment of patients with spinal metastases.@*METHODS@#In the study, 12 patients of spinal metastases treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined expandable tubular retractor in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed between June 2017 and October 2019. Among the 12 patients, 9 were males and 3 were females; the median age was 62.5 years [(65.1±2.9) years]. The decompression segment of 7 patients was located at the lower thoracic spine (including 1 patient with incomplete paraplegia) and the decompression segment of 5 patients was located at the lumbar spine; Tomita score was 6.0±0.6. Perioperative data of the patients were reviewed. Visual analog scale (VAS score), Karnofsky score, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score were compared before and after surgery. The patient's survival, adjuvant treatment, and internal fixation failure were observed in the follow-up period.@*RESULTS@#All the 12 patients had a successful operation with percuta-neous pedicle screw fixation combined expandable tubular retractor. The average operative time, blood loss, and blood transfused of the patients were (247.0±14.6) min, (804.2±222.3) mL and (500.0±100.0) mL, respectively. The average amount of drainage was (240.8±79.3) mL. Drainage tubes were pulled out early postoperative [(3.2±0.3) d], allowing early mobilization. The patients discharged (7.8±0.8) d postoperative. All the patients were followed up for 6-30 months, and the average overall survival time was (13.6±2.4) months. During the follow-up period, 2 patients experienced screw displacement, the internal fixation was stable after conservative treatment and no revision surgery was performed. The VAS of the patients was 7.1±0.2 before surgery, which decreased to 2.3±0.1 and 2.8±0.4 at 3 and 6 months after surgery (P < 0.05). The Karnofsky score of the patients was 59.2±1.9 before surgery, which increased to 75.0±1.9 and 74.2±3.1 at 3 and 6 months after surgery (P < 0.05). The ECOG of the patients was 2.3±0.2 before surgery, which decreased to 1.7±0.1 and 1.7±0.2 at 3 and 6 months after surgery (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#For selected patients with spinal metastases, minimally invasive surgical treatment of spinal metastases (percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation combined with expandable tubular retractor) can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life, with satisfactory clinical outcome.

Heterogeneity of Outcomes Reporting in Trials Evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine Breast Massage for Stasis Acute Mastitis: A Methodological Review / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To systematically analyze the current status of outcomes reporting in clinical trials on treating stasis acute mastitis with Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage.Methods We searched CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, JBI, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Clinical Trials Registry Platform portal, Clinical Trials Registry, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, Center Watch Registry from inception to May 15, 2022 to find randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, case series and cohort studies which reported the outcomes of stasis acute mastitis managed with Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage, with search terms of mastitis, acute mastitis, lactation mastitis, puerperal mastitis, breast problem, breast engorgement, milk stasis, blocked ducked, breast pain, breast massage, and acupoint massage. Outcomes and the measurement schemes (measurement methods, timing of assessing outcome, frequency of assessing outcome, measurers) were extracted from the included studies. We used the Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children with Cleft Palate (MOMENT) to assess the quality of each study, then categorized outcomes derived from the included studies into different domains according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Arthritis Clinic Trials (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 framework.Results We identified 85 clinical trials, in which 54 different outcomes were reported. A total of 81.2% (69/85) of studies were assessed as medium quality with a mean score of 2.6, and 18.8% (16/85) as low quality with a mean score of 0.9. These outcomes were organized in three core areas. Lump size (89.4%, 76/85) was the most frequently reported outcome, followed by breast pain (69.4%, 59/85) and milk excretion (68.2%, 58/85). Five methods were used to assess lump size and four methods to assess breast pain.Conclusions The outcomes reported in clinical trials regarding stasis acute mastitis treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage are heterogeneous. Developing a core outcome set to achieve consistent standards for reporting outcomes and modalities for validation of the outcomes is clearly warranted.

Response characteristics of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy in first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the response characteristics of patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsq-NSCLC) treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy in the first line. Methods: Patients with nsq-NSCLC who achieved complete or partial remission after treatment with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in the RATIONALE 304 study, as assessed by an independent review board, were selected to analyze the response characteristics and safety profile of the responders. Time to response (TTR) was defined as the time from randomization to the achievement of first objective response. Depth of response (DpR) was defined as the maximum percentage of tumor shrinkage compared with the sum of the baseline target lesion length diameters. Results: As of January 23, 2020, 128 patients treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy achieved objective tumor response (responders), representing 57.4%(128/223) of the intention-to-treat population, with a TTR of 5.1 to 33.3 weeks and a median TTR of 7.9 weeks. Of the responders (128), 50.8%(65) achieved first remission at the first efficacy assessment (week 6), 31.3%(40) at the second efficacy assessment (week 12), and 18.0%(23) at the third and subsequent tumor assessments. The percentages of responders who achieved a depth of tumor response of 30% to <50%, 50% to <70% and 70% to 100% were 45.3%(58/128), 28.1%(36/128) and 26.6%(34/128), respectively, with median progression-free survival (PFS) of 9.0 months (95% CI: 7.7 to 9.9 months), 11.5 months (95% CI: 7.7 months to not reached) and not reached (95% CI: 11.8 months to not estimable), respectively. Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy were generally well tolerated in responders with similar safety profile to the overall safety population. Conclusion: Among responders to tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy for nsq-NSCLC, 82.0%(105/128) achieves response within the first two tumor assessments (12 weeks) and 18.0%(23/128) achieves response at later (18 to 33 weeks) assessments, and there is a trend toward prolonged PFS in responders with deeper tumor response.

Association between short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and the risk of heart failure hospitalization / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To assess the association between short-term exposure level of nitrogen dioxide and the hospitalization risk of heart failure. Methods: Based on China-PEACE Retrospective Heart Failure Study, 117 364 hospitalized patients with heart failure were recruited from 92 hospitals in 62 cities throughout China between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015. The daily exposure level of nitrogen dioxide, temperature, and humidity in the same cities during the same period were also collected. We applied the generalized additive model and Bayesian hierarchical model to quantify the lagged effect and cumulative effect of short-term (0-3 days) exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide on the hospitalization risk of heart failure. We further conducted stratified analyses by age, region, and season to identify any difference in the associations between short-term nitrogen dioxide exposure and heart failure among subgroups. Results: The mean age for participants in the analysis was (70.32±12.22) years. The median, minimum and maximum of daily nitrogen dioxide concentration in 62 cities from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 was 26.4 μg/m3, 2.33 μg/m3 and 150.25 μg/m3, respectively. The exposure level of nitrogen dioxide at the same day was associated with the hospitalization risk of heart failure (OR=1.022, 95%CI: 1.012, 1.031). Significant effects were also observed in the moving average concentrations from lag 0-1 to lag 0-3 day (OR=1.020, 95%CI: 1.009, 1.030; OR=1.016, 95%CI: 1.004, 1.028; OR=1.013, 95%CI: 1.001, 1.026). Moreover, all of the associations between short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and the risk of heart failure hospitalization were statistically significant, with no significant difference in all subgroups stratified by age, region, and season. Conclusion: A higher level of short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide could trigger more hospitalizations with heart failure.

Expert consensus on ensartinib in the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

The mutation rate of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer is 3% to 7%. Due to its low mutation rate and better long-term survival compared with epidermal growth factor receptor-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients, therefore, it's called "diamond mutation". At present, there are three generations of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) drugs in the world. The first-generation ALK-TKI drug approved in China is crizotinib, and the second-generation drugs are alectinib, ceritinib and ensartinib. Among them, ensartinib is an ALK-TKI domestically developed, and its efficacy is similar to that of alectinib. The main adverse event is transient rash, and compliance to ensartinib is better from the perspective of long-term survival of patients. The manifestation of rash caused by ensartinib is different from that of other ALK-TKI drugs. In order to facilitate clinical application and provide patients with more treatment options, under the guidance of the Committee of Cancer Rehabilitation and Palliative Care of China Anti-Cancer Association, this article collects and summarizes the common adverse reactions of ensartinib. Based on the clinical practice, a clear adverse classification and specific treatment plan are formulated, in order to provide a corresponding reference for clinicians to make more comprehensive clinical decisions.

Establishment of a culture system for human nasal mucosa organoids with controllable differentiation / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a culture system for human nasal mucosal organoids with controllable differentiation to reproduce the structure and function of the source tissue through staged expansion-differentiation culture.@*METHODS@#Fresh samples of surgically resected middle turbinate and nasal polyp tissues were collected, from which the nasal mucosa epithelial cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion and filtration for continuous culture at the air-liquid interface for expansion (EO group) or staged culture for expansion and differentiation (DO group). Immunohistochemical staining was used to characterize the structure, cellular composition and ciliary function of nasal mucosal organoids in the two groups. The secretion function of the differentiated nasal mucosal organoids in DO group was evaluated using PAS staining.@*RESULTS@#Both of the two organoid culture systems yielded vacuolar or solid spherical 3D organoids, and their diameters increased progressively with time. On day 16 of culture, more vacuolar organoids occurred in DO group, while more solid spherical organoids were seen in EO group, and the proportion of vacuoles was significantly greater in DO group than in EO group [(54.67±13.26)% vs (21.67±8.57)%, P < 0.05]. Short tandem repeat (STR) test of the nasal mucosal organoids and the source tissue showed a 100% match between them. On day 21 of culture, scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the nasal mucosal organoids identified ultrastructure of cilia in DO group and short villi structure in most of the organoids in EO group. Immunohistochemical staining showed positivity for P63 (basal cells), β-tubulin (ciliated columnar cells), and MUC5AC (goblet cells) in the organoids. Compared with those in EO group, the organoids in DO group showed significantly greater percentages of ciliated cells [(7.95±1.81)% vs (27.04±5.91)%, P < 0.05] and goblet cells [(14.46±0.93)% vs (39.85±5.43)%, P < 0.05) with a similar percentage of basal cells [(56.91±14.12)% vs (53.42±15.77)%, P > 0.05]. The differentiated nasal mucosal organoids in DO group were positively stained for glycogen.@*CONCLUSION@#The staged expansion-differentiation culture method allows more stable and prolonged growth of the cultured cells in vitro to produce organoids with controllable differentiation closely resembling the morphological structure and functions (ciliary function and secretory function) of the source tissue.

Kang-Ai Injection Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cells Proliferation through IL-6/STAT3 Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanisms underlying the proliferative inhibition of Chinese herbal medicine Kang-Ai injection (KAI) in gastric cancer cells.@*METHODS@#Gastric cancer cell lines MGC803 and BGC823 were treated by 0, 0.3%, 1%, 3% and 10% KAI for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The cell proliferation was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. Interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The protein expression levels of cyclin A, cyclin E, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, p21, retinoblastoma (RB), protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#KAI inhibited the proliferation of MGC803 and BGC823 gastric cancer cells in dose- and time-dependent manner. After treated with KAI for 48 h, the proportion of G1 phase was increased, expression level of cyclin D1 and phosphorylation-RB were down-regulated, whereas the expression of p21 was up-regulated (all P<0.01). Furthermore, 48-h treatment with KAI decreased the phosphorylation level of STAT3, inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-6 (all P<0.01). IL-6 at dose of 10 ng/mL significantly attenuated the proliferative effect of both 3% and 10% KAI, and recovered KAI-inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression level (all P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#KAI exerted an anti-proliferative function by inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway followed by the induction of G1 phase arrest in gastric cancer cells.

A new diphenyl butanedione from Astragalus membranaceus of northern Shanxi / 药学学报

Seven compounds were isolated from Astragalus membranaceus of northern shaanxi by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Their chemical structures were identified on the basis of their physical and chemical properties. These compounds were elucidated as astragaloside IV (1), formononetin (2), calycosin (3), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2,4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-1,4-but anedione (4), (E)-4-methylcinnamic acid (5), quercetin (6), and uridine (7). Compound 4 is a new compound and compound 5 was isolated from the plants of Astragalus Linn. for the first time. The results of in vitro antitumor activity assay showed that compound 4 could inhibit the proliferation of A549 with IC50 values of 11.41 μmol·L-1.

Effectiveness evaluation of comprehensive measures reducing mosquitoes in the underground garages at residential areas in Jiaxing， Zhejiang Province， China / 上海预防医学

Objective:To determine the effect of comprehensive measures at reducing mosquito density in residential parking lot， and to provide scientific evidence for exploring a new mosquito density control mode in parking lot. Methods:During April to October in 2018， a package of measures were implemented in the observation group， including designating a full-time staff， combination of property management and mosquito eradication work， continual clean-up of breeding ground， appropriate use of pesticide， education and training of pest control knowledge， and so on. No intervention was conducted in the control group. Then we observed the effect of the above measures in reducing mosquito density. Results:After the implementation of the comprehensive measures， the average adult mosquito density and infant positive rate of ponding mosquitoes in the residential parking lot in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The mosquito positive rate in rainwater well， sewage well， drainage ditch and intercepting ditch in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. There were no statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group in the adult mosquito density and the infant positive rate of ponding mosquito in April. Conclusion:Through a package of comprehensive prevention and control measures， mosquito density in the parking lot at residential areas can be effectively reduced. However， there are still some resistances in the implementation process of measures， which need to be constantly optimized to achieve better on-site prevention and control effect.

Platelet HPA Typing of Platelet Donors in Zhangjiakou Area / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the polymorphism of the HPA1-5,15 system of the donors in Zhangjiakou area.@*METHODS@#DNA was extracted from the blood samples of the donors, PCR- SSP method was used to divide HPA1-6, 15 genotype. The gene frequency and genotype frequency were calculated, compared with the difference and regiahal specificity of the populations in our country and foregiens was compared other populations.@*RESULTS@#The gene expression in the HPA-1, HPA-2 and HPA-4 systems were all homozygous aa, and the donors who expressed homozygous bb was not exessed. Among them, one heterozygous ab expression was found in both HPA-1 and HPA-4 systems (1%), and 14 cases of heterozygous ab expression were found in HPA-2 system (14%). The gene expression in the HPA-5 system was mainly homozygous aa (98%), and a very few expressed homozygous bb (2%) was found. The degree of heterozygosity of gene expression in the HPA-3 and HPA-15 systems was relatively high. The proprotion of the expression of aa, ab and bb in the HPA-3 system was respectively 46%, 40% and 14%, the proprotion of the expression of aa, ab and bb in the HPA-15 system was respectively 21%, 64% and 15%.@*CONCLUSION@#The gene frequency of platelet-specific antigen HPA1-5,15 system in zhangjiakou region shows local characteristics. The heterozygosity degree of gene expression in the HPA-3 and HPA-15 systems are both high, suggesting that they are more likely to result in alloimmunization and ineffective platelet transfusion, which should be pays attention to.

Investigation of Spectrum-effect Relationship of Brain Protection of Shaoyao Gancaotang on Epileptic Mice Based on Grey Correlation Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the spectrum-effect relationship of effect of material components in Shaoyao Gancaotang on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in brain tissue of epileptic mice, and to reveal the material basis of the antiepileptic effect of Shaoyao Gancaotang. Method:HPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of 15 batches of Shaoyao Gancaotang, the mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (B) for gradient elution (0-15 min, 19%A; 15-45 min, 19%A-50%A; 45-46 min, 50%A-90%A; 46-48 min, 90%A), the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and the detection wavelength was 237 nm. The mouse epilepsy model was induced by penicillin, the protective effect of 15 batches of Shaoyao Gancaotang on MDA, SOD and ATPase levels in brain tissue of epileptic mice was investigated. Grey correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the peak areas of characteristic peaks in the fingerprint of 15 batches of Shaoyao Gancaotang and three pharmacodynamic indexes (the activities of MDA, SOD and ATPase), and the mathematical model of spectrum-effect relationship between different material components and pharmacodynamic indexes was established. Result:Shaoyao Gancaotang could increase the contents of ATPase and SOD and reduce the content of MDA in the brain tissue of epileptic mice, and most of the differences were significant (P<0.05, P<0.01). There were 28 common peaks in the fingerprint of 15 batches of Shaoyao Gancaotang, and 15 of them were characteristic peaks. Grey correlation analysis found that the characteristic peaks contributed to the activities of MDA, SOD and ATPase included peak 2 (albiflorin), peak 3 (paeoniflorin), peak 5 (liquiritin), and so on, the specific ranking was peak 3>peak 6>peak 12>peak 8>peak 2>peak 5>peak 9>peak 4>peak 10>peak 7>peak 13>peak 11>peak 15>peak 1>peak 14. Conclusion:Shaoyao Gancaotang can affect the activities of SOD, MDA and ATPase in brain tissue of epileptic mice by multi-component synergy. Simultaneously, introducing the grey correlation analysis into the correlation evaluation of the spectrum-effect relationship between components and efficacy of Chinese herbal compounds, it can objectively reflect the essence of the synergistic action of multiple components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and it is an effective analysis method for screening and predicting the pharmacodynamic components of TCM.

Feasibility and safety of minimally invasive cardiac coronary artery bypass grafting surgery for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: Early outcome and short-mid-term follow up results / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the feasibility, safety and mid-term outcome of minimally invasive cardiac surgery coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) surgery.@*METHODS@#Data of patients who underwent MICS CABG between November 2015 and November 2017 in Peking University Third Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results were compared with the patients who underwent off-pump coronary aortic bypass grafting (OPCABG) surgery over the same period. The two groups were matched in propensity score matching method according to age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction, body mass index, severity of coronary artery disease, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, renal insufficiency, history of cerebrovascular accident, and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).@*RESULTS@#There were 85 patients in MICS CABG group, including 68 males (80.0%) and 17 females (20%), with an average age of (63.8±8.7) years; 451 patients were enrolled in OPCABG group, and 85 patients were matched by propensity score as control group (OPCABG group). There was no significant difference in general clinical characteristics (P>0.05). The average grafts of MICS CABG and OPCABG were 2.35±0.83 and 2.48±0.72 respectively (P=0.284). No conversion to thoracotomy in MICS CABG group or cardiopulmonary bypass in neither group occurred. There was no significant difference in the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACCEs, 1.17% vs. 3.52%), reoperation (2.34 vs. 3.52%), new-onset atrial fibrillation rate (4.70% vs. 3.52%) or new-onset renal insufficiency rate (1.17% vs. 0%) between MICS CABG group and OPCABG group (P>0.05). The operation time in MICS CABG group was longer than that in OPCABG group [(282.8±55.8) min vs. (246.8±56.9) min, P < 0.05], while the time of ventilator supporting(16.9 h vs. 29.6 h), hospitalization in ICU [(29.3±20.8) h vs. (51.5±48.3) h] and total hospitalization [(18.3±3.2) d vs. (25.7±4.2) d] in MICS CABG group were shorter than those in OPCABG group (P < 0.05). The total patency rate (A+B levels) of MICS CABG was 96.5% after surgery. There was no significant difference in MACCEs rate between the two groups [1.18%(1/85) vs. 3.61%(3/83), P>0.05] in 1-year follow up.@*CONCLUSION@#The MICS CABG surgery is a safe and feasible procedure with good clinical results in early and mid-term follow-up.

Risks factors for death among COVID-19 patients combined with hypertension, coronary heart disease or diabetes / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#The pathogenesis of myocardial injury upon corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection remain unknown,evidence of impact on outcome is insufficient, therefore, we aim to investigate the risk factors for death among COVID-19 patients combined with hypertension, coronary heart disease or diabetes in this study.@*METHODS@#This was a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Patients of Sino-French Eco-City section of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China attended by Peking University Supporting Medical Team and admitted from Jan. 29, 2020 to Mar. 20, 2020 were included. The positive nucleic acid of COVID-19 virus and combination with hypertension, coronary heart disease or diabetes were in the standard. We collected the clinical data and laboratory examination results of the eligible patients to evaluate the related factors of death.@*RESULTS@#In the study, 94 COVID-19 patients enrolled were divided into the group of death (13 cases) and the group of survivors (81 cases), the average age was 66.7 years. Compared with the survival group, the death group had faster basal heart rate(103.2 beats/min vs. 88.4 beats /min, P=0.004), shortness of breath(29.0 beats /min vs. 20.0 beats /min, P<0.001), higher neutrophil count(9.2×109/L vs. 3.8×109/L, P<0.001), lower lymphocyte count(0.5×109/L vs. 1.1×109/L, P<0.001), creatine kinase MB(CK-MB, 3.2 μg/L vs. 0.8 μg/L, P<0.001), high sensitivity cardiac troponin Ⅰ(hs-cTnⅠ, 217.2 ng/L vs. 4.9 ng/L, P<0.001), N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP; 945.0 μg/L vs. 154.0 μg/L, P<0.001), inflammatory factor ferritin(770.2 μg/L vs. 622.8 μg/L , P=0.050), interleukin-2 recepter(IL-2R, 1 586.0 U/mL vs. 694.0 U/mL, P<0.001), interleukin-6(IL-6, 82.3 ng/L vs. 13.0 ng/L, P<0.001), interleukin-10(IL-10, 9.8 ng/L vs. 5.0 ng/L, P<0.001)were higher than those in the survival group. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for death were old age, low non oxygen saturation, low lymphocyte count, myocardial injury, abnormal increase of IL 2R, IL-6, and IL-10. Multivariate regression showed that old age (OR=1.11, 95%CI=1.03-1.19, P=0.026), low non oxygen saturation(OR=0.85, 95%CI=0.72-0.99, P=0.041), and abnormal increase of IL-10(＞9.1 ng/L, OR=101.93, 95%CI=4.74-2190.71, P=0.003)were independent risk factors for COVID-19 patients combined with hypertension, coronary heart disease or diabetes.@*CONCLUSION@#In COVID-19 patients combined with hypertension, coronary heart disease or diabetes, the risk factors for death were old age, low non oxygen saturation, low lymphocyte count, myocardial injury, and abnormal increase of IL-2R, IL-6, and IL-10. Old age, low non oxygen saturation and abnormal increase of IL-10 were independent risk factors.

Study of quantitative flow ratio-guided surgical coronary revascularization / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To analyze the feasibility, safety and preliminary clinical results of quantitative flow ratio (QFR)-guided surgical coronary revascularization. Methods: From Jan 2018 to June 2019 at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with any coronary stenosis ≥ 50%, evaluated by preoperative coronary angiography visualization, were enrolled consecutively. There were 82 patients with 174 coronary artery vessels. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was recommended with a QFR value ≤ 0.8. The data of baseline characteristics, surgical procedure and perioperative outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: QFR analysis was successfully carried out in 82 patients and 174 coronary artery vessels. QFR was detected positive ( ≤ 0.8) in 53 vessels (30.5%) and negative (>0.8) in the remaining 121 vessels (69.5%). As guided with QFR, 39 patients (47.6%) with 62 vessels (35.6%) proceeded to surgery for primary heart disease with concomitant CABG as planned, while the remaining 43 patients (52.4%) with 112 vessels (64.4%) changed revascularization strategy or spared CABG. Fifteen patients with simple coronary artery disease avoided CABG and discharged. Among the remaining 67 patients operated on, there were 2 deaths, 4 hemodialysis for new renal failure, 1 perioperative myocardial infarction and 1 stroke within 30 d. No unplanned revascularization was observed. The composite adverse events occurred in 6 cases (9.0%). Conclusion: QFR-guided surgical coronary revascularization is feasible and safe. This strategy could reduce the unnecessary bypass grafting. Further follow-up and prospective clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the effectiveness.

Clinical Characteristics and Adverse Events in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with a History of Peripheral Arterial Disease / Características Clínicas e Eventos Adversos em Pacientes com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda e História de Doença Arterial Periférica

Abstract Background: In clinical observation, patients with acute coronary syndrome complicated with peripheral artery disease have poor prognosis, so the relationship between the diseases and clinical characteristics need to be further explored. Objective: This study aims to investigate clinical characteristics and independent risk factors for in-hospital adverse events in acute coronary syndrome patients with a history of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods: A total of 5,682 patients with acute coronary syndrome were included into this study. These patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of a history of PAD: PAD group (n = 188), and non-PAD (control) group (n = 5,494). Then, the clinical characteristics and incidence of in-hospital adverse events were analyzed; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The age of PAD patients was higher than that in the control group (65.5 ± 10.3 years vs. 58.6 ± 11 years, p < 0.001), and the proportion of PAD patients with diabetes history and stroke history was higher than that in the control group (73 [39%] vs. 1472 [26.8%], p = 0.018; 36 [19.3%] vs. 396 [7.2%], p < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis between groups based on in-hospital adverse events revealed that a history of PAD (OR = 1.791, p = 0.01), a history of diabetes (OR = 1.223, p = 0.001), and age of > 65 years old (OR = 4.670, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for in-hospital adverse events. Conclusion: A history of PAD, advanced age, and a history of diabetes are independent risk factors for in-hospital adverse events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Resumo Fundamento: Na observação clínica, os pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda com doença arterial periférica têm prognóstico ruim, portanto, a relação entre as doenças e as características clínicas precisa ser mais explorada. Objetivos: Este estudo tem o objetivo de investigar características clínicas e fatores de risco independentes para eventos adversos hospitalares em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda e história de doença arterial periférica (DAP). Métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo 5682 pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a presença ou ausência de DAP prévia: grupo DAP (n = 188) e grupo sem DAP (n = 5494, grupo controle). Em seguida, foram analisadas características clínicas e a incidência de eventos adversos hospitalares nesses grupos; um p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: A idade dos pacientes com DAP foi maior que a idade do grupo controle (65,5 ± 10,3 anos vs. 58,6 ± 11 anos, p < 0,001), e a proporção de pacientes com história de diabetes ou acidente vascular cerebral foi maior no grupo DAP que no grupo controle [73 (39%) vs. 1472 (26,8%), p = 0,018; 36 (19,3%) vs. 396 (7,2%), p < 0,001). A análise de regressão logística multivariada para eventos adversos hospitalares mostrou que história de DAP (OR = 1,791, p = 0,01), história de diabetes (OR = 1,223, p = 0,001), e idade >65 anos de idade (OR = 4,670, p < 0,001) foram fatores de risco independentes para eventos adversos hospitalares. Conclusão: DAP prévia, idade avançada, e história de diabetes são fatores de risco independentes para eventos adversos hospitalares em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda.

Analysis of influencing factors for pathogen culture result in patients with pyogenic spondylitis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of clinical factors on the pathogen culture results in the patients with pyogenic spondylitis, and to find out clinical controllable factors which could increase the positive rate of the pathogen culture.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study reviewed 40 patients who were diagnosed with pyogenic spondylitis in Peking University First Hospital from January 2011 to July 2017. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the culture results, culture negative or culture positive. The influence of clinical uncontrollable factors [the patient's age, gender, predisposing factors, infection site except spine, visual analogue score (VAS), course of disease, spinal segment, white blood cell (WBC), (neutrophilic granulocyte)% (NE%), the incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), the incidence of paravertebral abscess] and controllable factors (prior antibiotics exposure within 2 weeks, tissue homogenate, surgical approach) on pathogen culture results were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Of the 40 patients, 18 patients were female and 22 patients were male. Causative germ was identified in 24/40 patients (60.00%) and dominant by gram positive cocci (68.00%). For clinical uncontrollable factors, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the patient's age, gender, predisposing factors, infection site except spine, VAS, course of disease, spinal segment, WBC, NE% and the incidence of SIRS. ESR [(94.38±6.91) mm/h, P=0.023)], CRP [(64.74±13.51) mg/L, P=0.040], and the incidence of paravertebral abscess (75%, P=0.018) in culture negative group were lower in contrast to culture positive group. For clinical controllable factors, prior antibiotics exposure within 2 weeks (P=0.058, OR=4.030, 95%CI: 0.956-16.993) and tissue homogenate (P=0.014, OR=0.171, 95%CI: 0.042-0.695) were significantly associated with the pathogen culture result. Surgical approach was not significantly associated with pathogen culture result.@*CONCLUSION@#Patients with high level of ESR, CRP, and paravertebral abscess, would have high positive rate of pathogenic culture. Prior antibiotics exposure was associated with lower positive pathogen culture rate. Culture with tissue homogenate was more likely to find the causative germ, especially for patients without paravertebral abscess who had low level of ESR, CRP and prior antibiotics exposure.

Perioperative clinical characteristics of patients with pathological fracture of proximal femur / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the perioperative clinical characteristics of patients with pathological fracture of proximal femur.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study reviewed 28 patients who received proximal resection and tumor hemiarthroplasty for malignant proximal femoral tumor in Peking University First Hospital from January 2011 to February 2017. According to the fracture, the patients were divided into two groups: pathological fracture group and non-pathological fracture group. We investigated the clinical characteristics during perioperative period between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Of the 28 patients, 14 (50.0%) patients suffered pathological fracture, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in the patient's age, gender, limb involvement, and tumor source (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (Hct), and lower extremity thrombosis. The albumin (ALB) of pathological fracture group were lower in contrast to non-pathological fracture group (P=0.031). There was no significant difference between the two groups in decline of HGB and Hct on postoperation day 1, operative time, bleeding during operation, time for walking with help of ambulation aid postoperative, and postoperative hospital stay (P>0.05). On post-operation day 7, HGB (P=0.025) and Hct (P=0.039) of pathological fracture group were significant lower in contrast to non-pathological fracture group. Whereas, the total blood loss calculated by Gross equation of pathological fracture group was significant higher in contrast to non-pathological fracture group [(2 066.3±419.8) mL vs. (786.0±152.6) mL, P=0.039]. The patient needed blood transfusion during operation (7/14 vs. 1/14, P=0.033) and postoperative (8/14 vs. 1/14, P=0.013) in pathological fracture group were more than in non-pathological fracture group. At last, Barthel daily life ability score (P=0.009) of pathological fracture group was lower in contrast to non-pathological fracture group, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score was higher (P<0.001). They were almost equal when the patients were discharged (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Patients with pathological fracture had lower ALB during perioperative period. Pathological fracture had no effect on operative time, bleeding during operation and function outcomes. However, the patients with pathological fracture had more total blood loss and lower HGB, Hct in contrast to the patients without pathological fracture. Blood transfusion was more needed in pathological fracture patients.

Electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST36) and "Chize" (LU5) of mother rats exposed to nicotine during pregnancy and lactation has a protective effect on development of lung function and morphology in neonatal rats / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To compare the different effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST36) and "Chize" (LU5) of mother rats exposed to Nicotine during pregnancy and lactation on lung function and morphological changes in offspring rats, so as to explore the most effective acupoint for improving the development of lung in neonatal rats. METHODS: A total of 24 female pregnancy SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control, model, EA-ST36 and EA-LU5 (n＝6 rats in each group). Rats of the normal group were treated by subcutaneous injection of normal saline, and those of the other 3 groups treated by subcutaneous injection of nicotine (1 mg•kg－1•d－1) beginning from the 6th day to about the 21st day of pregnancy (childbirth day) for nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation. The daily EA treatment (2 Hz /15 Hz，1 mA) was applied to bilateral ST36 and LU5 for 20 min, beginning from the 6th day of pregnancy to the 21st day (childbirth day). The lung function of the offspring rats including the peak inspiratory flow (PIF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), lung resistance (RL), exhalation resistance (RE)and lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) was detected by using a lung function analysis system. Histopathological changes (severity of alveolarization) of the offspring rats' lung tissue were observed under microscope after H．E. stain. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the PIF, RL and RE values were significantly increased (P0.05)．. CONCLUSION: EA of ST36 and LU5 of mother rats experiencing nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation can improve the lung function and morphological changes in neonatal rats, and the effect of ST36 is relatively better.

Feasibility study of SYNTAX Ⅱ score in guiding the strategy of two-staged hybrid coronary artery revascularization / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of selecting the hybrid operation strategy according to the preoperative SYNTAX Ⅱ score by analyzing the characteristics of the SYNTAX score and the changes of the SYNTAX Ⅱ score in the different stages of the hybrid coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods Patients admitted in our hospital from Jan 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017 who received staged hybrid coronary revascularization (first stage CABG, followed by second stage PCI) were reviewed. The total SYNTAX Ⅱ scores before and after minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) were compared. Results A total of 50 patients were analyzed and scored by coronary angiography with lumen stenosis exceeding 50％. The SYNTAX Ⅰ score before MIDCAB was 36.00 points (13.00, 70.50) and the ratio of SYNTAX Ⅰ score>33 points was 58％ (29/50). After MIDCAB operation, the residual SYNTAX Ⅰ score was 11.50 points (7.00, 18.50), which decreased by 25.50 points (19.00, 33.75). According to the SYNTAX Ⅱ score before MIDCAB, a proportion of 10％ (5/50) patients who received PCI procedure showed a lower 4-year mortality than the CABG operation. The forecasted proportion SYNTAX Ⅱ score after MIDCAB increased to 38％ (19/50) while the actual proportion after MIDCAB was 42％ (21/50). The consistency between the forecasted value and the actual value was 90％ (45/50, P=0.125, McNemar test). Conclusions Using SYNTAX Ⅱ score to predict PCI or CABG treatment after MIDCAB is feasiable. The changes in SYNTAX Ⅱ score before and after MIDCAB was mainly resulted from the improvement in creatinine level after operation.