A Novel Retrograde AAV Variant for Functional Manipulation of Cortical Projection Neurons in Mice and Monkeys / 神经科学通报·英文版

Retrograde adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are capable of infecting the axons of projection neurons and serve as a powerful tool for the anatomical and functional characterization of neural networks. However, few retrograde AAV capsids have been shown to offer access to cortical projection neurons across different species and enable the manipulation of neural function in non-human primates (NHPs). Here, we report the development of a novel retrograde AAV capsid, AAV-DJ8R, which efficiently labeled cortical projection neurons after local administration into the striatum of mice and macaques. In addition, intrastriatally injected AAV-DJ8R mediated opsin expression in the mouse motor cortex and induced robust behavioral alterations. Moreover, AAV-DJ8R markedly increased motor cortical neuron firing upon optogenetic light stimulation after viral delivery into the macaque putamen. These data demonstrate the usefulness of AAV-DJ8R as an efficient retrograde tracer for cortical projection neurons in rodents and NHPs and indicate its suitability for use in conducting functional interrogations.

Application of mixed BOPPPS combined with case analysis teaching in nursing practice teaching in the department of endocrinology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of mixed BOPPPS (bridge-in, objective, pre-assessment, participatory-learning, post-assessment, summary) combined with case analysis teaching in nursing practice teaching in the department of endocrinology.Methods:Forty-five nurses of Batch 2017 who practiced in the Department of Endocrinology were selected as the control group, using traditional teaching; 45 practical nursing students of Batch 2018 were selected as the research group, using mixed BOPPPS combined with case analysis teaching. After the teaching, the teaching effect was evaluated by the theoretical and practical skill operation assessments, and the satisfaction with the teaching was investigated through the questionnaire. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The scores of basic theory [(28.31±2.07) vs. (24.66±2.15)] and professional theory [(67.01±3.05) vs. (55.62±3.20)] in the theoretical assessment of practical nurses in the research group were higher than those in the control group, with significant differences ( P<0.05); the scores of each sub-item of the practical skills operation assessment were better than those in the control group, with significant differences ( P<0.05); in terms of teaching satisfaction, the research group was better than the control group in such 10 aspects as whether to improve the level of theoretical and practical skills operation, whether to improve the awareness of humanistic care and whether to improve the nurse-patient communication ability, etc., with significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The BOPPPS combined with case analysis teaching significantly improves the theoretical and practical skills and comprehensive literacy of the endocrinology practical nursing students, and the teaching satisfaction is significantly better than that of the traditional teaching, which is of promotion value.