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Objective To explore the anti-depression mechanism of Kai-Xin-San(KXS)via regulation of neurogenesis in hippocampus of depression-like mice.Methods The extracts of KXS were prepared and the anti-depression effects of KXS were evaluated by behavioral tests on chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)induced depression-like mice.Evaluating depression-like behavior in CUMS mice through sucrose preference test,forced swimming test,tail suspension test,and other methods.Neurogenesis in hippocampus were determined by immunofluorescence assay.In addition,effects of KXS on regulating nestin expression and Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway were explored by western blotting analysis.Amounts of cortisol,corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and nerve growth factor(NGF)were determined by ELISA tests.Mouse primary neural stem cells(NSC)was used to evaluate the effect of KXS on promoting its proliferation by immunofluorescence assay.In addition,effects of KXS on regulating nestin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were also explored by Western blotting analysis.Results KXS significantly ameliorated the depression-like behaviors in presence of increased sucrose preference rate and decreased immobile time of tail suspension and forced swimming.KXS significantly promoted the neurogenesis in the hippocampus and expressions of nestin,reduced the expressions of cortisol,CRF,ACTH,increased the expressions of BDNF,NGF,and regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.KXS also promoted the proliferation of NSCs and expressions of nestin,enhanced the translocation of b-catenin into nucleus,and regulated the expressions of proteins of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Conclusion KXS promoted neurogenesis in hippocampus and regulated Wnt/β-catenin pathway,which might contribute to its antidepressant effect.
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Objective Evaluation of the effect and mechanism research of Qi-Shen-Yi-Zhi formula on improving learning and memory ability in mice injected with Aβ1-42 in hippocampus.Methods Alzheimer's disease model mice were constructed by injecting β amyloid peptide 1-42 into hippocampus and treated with water extracts of Qi-Shen-Yi-Zhi formula.The cognitive abilities of mice were assessed using Morris water maze and Y maze tests,which measure learning and memory capabilities.HE staining was used to observe the damage and TUNEL method was used to determine apoptosis of hippocampus.Detection of the expression of oxidative factors,inflammatory factors,and related antioxidant proteins and apoptotic proteins in the hippocampal tissue of a mouse model of dementia.Results Both high-dose and low-dose groups of Qi-Shen-Yi-Zhi formula significantly improved cognitive dysfunction in mice injected with Aβ1-42 in hippocampus,and attenuated the damage and apoptosis of the hippocampus.It also inhibited oxidative stress and downregulated the expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-a,increased the expression of antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1,and regulated the expressions of apoptotic proteins Caspase-9,Caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2.Conclusion Qi-Shen-Yi-Zhi formula improves the learning and memory abilities of mice injected with Aβ1-42 in hippocampus,which might be related to the attenuation of oxidative stress and neuronal inflammation of hippocampus.
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Metabonomics is an important component of systems biology.It reveals the essential metabolic characteristics of the activities of organisms using qualitative and quantitative detection and analysis of the dynamics of all endogenous low-molecular-weight metabolites within an organism before and after stimulation such as pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification.Therefore, it provides insight into the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of diseases.Metabonomics relies on chromatography, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and other analytical chemistry techniques to obtain data.The examination specimens are usually body fluids including blood, tear, aqueous humor and tissues such as trabecular meshwork, vitreous body, retina, etc.Glaucoma is an optic nerve disease characterized by optic disc damage and visual field defect.Previous animal and human studies have provided some preliminary results on metabolites associated with glaucoma.Metabonomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics constitute a bioinformatics system.Joint multi-omics research will be the direction of future development.On the basis of an overview of metabonomics, this paper reviewed the research progress of metabonomics in glaucoma based on different tissues and body fluid specimens.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop the public mood scale and test its reliability and validity,and explore the components construct of the public mood.Methods 423 college students responded to the inventory.Correlation analysis,exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to the data analysis.Results Public mood scale was consisted of two dimensions,positive emotions and negative emotions.Factor analysis indicated that the two factors explain 61.3％ of the variance with factor loading ranging from 0.68 to 0.86;The Cronbach' s coefficients of positive and negative public mood were 0.81 and 0.76 respectively; Conffirmatory factor analysis indicated that the public mood scale had ideal structure validity.Joint factor analysis showed that public mood and personal mood were separated.Positive public mood had positive correlations with Big Five personalities,which were extraversion,agreeableness,responsibility and openness (r =0.22-0.33,P＜ 0.01),negative correlation was found between neuroticism and positive public mood(r=-0.25,P＜0.01).Positive public mood had significant positive correlation with government satisfaction,economic development confidence and social stability(r=0.34-0.45,P＜0.01),while they had significant negative correlations with negative public mood (r =-0.32--0.24,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion The public mood scale obtained in the present study has ideal validities and reliabilities and it is suitable to assess the public mood.