Survival in Lung Cancer among Female Never-smokers in Rural Xuanwei and Fuyuan Counties in Eastern Yunnan Province, China / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Lung cancer rates among women in rural Xuanwei and Fuyuan counties in eastern Yunnan province, China, are among the highest in the world, even though almost all women are non-smokers, and they tend to develop lung cancer at a younger age than other locations by roughly 5 yr-10 yr. This study investigated the survival of lung cancer patients among female never-smokers.@*METHODS@#The female never-smokers, who had lived for many years in Xuanwei and Fuyuan counties, with lung cancer newly-diagnosed between July 2006 to March 2010, were followed up through the end of 2016. Age-standardized relative survival for all cases was calculated using local life table. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used to analyze the relationship between the variables and the prognosis in univariate analysis. Cox regression analysis was employed in the multivariate analysis.@*RESULTS@#Among 1,250 total subjects, 1,075 died and the remaining 175 were censored during the follow-up, with a median follow-up period of 69 months (95%CI: 61.9-76.0). Overall, the mean age was (54.8 ±10.9) yr, with variable clinical stages: 3.5% of cases were stage I, 8.7% stage II, 20.7% stage III, 29.7% stage IV, and 37.4% stage unknown. The 645 patients(51.6%) with cyto-histological diagnosis contains 303 with Squamous cell carcinoma, and 231 with adenocarcinoma, 24 with small cell, 43 with other specified type and 39 with unknown histological type. Only 215 (17.2%) patients received surgery, 487 (39.0%) were treated without surgery, and 548 (43.8%) did not receive any specific anticancer therapy. The 5-year observed survival rate and age-standardized relative survival were 8.9% (95%CI: 7.0-10.6), and 10.1% (95%CI: 3.7-20.5) respectively, with a median survival of 13.2 months. The 5-year survival rates were 41.1% for stage I, 22.4% for stage II, 5.3% for stage III, 1.3% for stage IV, 11.2% for missing stage, 17.9% for adenocarcinoma, and 5.6% for squamous cell carcinoma respectively. Surgery significantly improved 5-year survival rate compared with non-surgery (34.8% vs 3.2%, P<0.001). The patients with non-treatment, aged 65 years and older, living in rural areas and farmer with low socioeconomic status had poorer survival, whereas the patients treated in provincial hospitals and chest X-ray screening had better survival. Cox multivariate analysis further showed that stage of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM), treatment status, hospital-level, and X-ray screening were factors correlated with survival.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with lung cancer among female never-smokers in Xuanwei and Fuyuan experience poorer survival, because they are less likely to be diagnosed at early stage, as well as less likely to receive surgery and comprehensive treatment. Furthermore low socioeconomic status and poor health security are also responsible for the low survival.

Overexpression of autophagy-related gene 3 promotes autophagy and inhibits salinomycin-induced apoptosis in breast cancer MCF-7 cells / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effects of the overexpression of autophagy-related gene 3 (ATG3) on autophagy and salinomycin-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells and explore the underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#We used the lentivirus approach to establish a breast cancer cell line with stable overexpression of ATG3. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the effect of ATG3 overexpression on autophagy in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Using the AKT/mTOR agonists SC79 and MHY1485, we analyzed the effect of AKT/mTOR signal pathway activation on ATG3 overexpression-induced autophagy. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to analyze the effect of autophagy on apoptosis of the ATG3-overexpressing cells treated with salinomycin and 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor).@*RESULTS@#In ATG3-overexpressing MCF-7 cells, ATG3 overexpression obviously promoted autophagy, inhibited the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, significantly weakened salinomycin-induced apoptosis ( < 0.01), caused significant reduction of the levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins cleaved-caspase 3 ( < 0.01) and Bax ( < 0.05), and enhanced the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 ( < 0.05). The inhibition of autophagy obviously weakened the inhibitory effect of ATG3 overexpression on salinomycin-induced apoptosis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#ATG3 overexpression promotes autophagy possibly by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to decrease salinomycin-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, suggesting that autophagy induction might be one of the mechanisms of drug resistance in breast cancer cells.

The effect of salinomycin on cancer stem cell formation of prostate cancer cell line DU145 through mTOR signaling pathway / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of salinomycin on cancer stem cell formation of prostate cancer cell line DU145 and its possible mechanisms,providing theoretical basis for the clinical application of salino-mycin. Methods (1)DU145 cells were treated with salinomycin. The percentage of ALDH+cells,which was used as the marker of cancer stem cells,was detected by flow cytometry.(2)After treated with salmonin,DU145 cells were subjected to Western-Blot analysis for the expression of mTORsignal pathway-related proteins such as p-70s6k, p-p70s6,p-s6 and so on. 3)DU145 cells were treated with salinomycin combined with mTOR signal pathway inhibi-tor rapamycin,and the ALDH+cancer stem cells were detected using flow cytometer. Results (1)Salmonomycin significantly inhibited ALDH-positive cancer stem cells in DU145cell line(inhibition rate in 77.8%),which was twice as high as that of traditional anticancer drug paclitaxel(which has a inhibition rate of 38.64%). This results suggesting that salinomycin would have the effect of inhibiting cancer stem cells. (2)The expression ofm-TOR p-70s6k,p-p70s6 and p-s6 in mTOR signaling pathway was inhibited by salinomycin in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner,suggesting that salinomycin would inhibite mTOR signaling pathway.(3)Salinomycin combined with rapamycin can decrease the proportion of ALDH-positive DU145 cancer stem cells(inhibition rate in 77.95%), suggesting that salinomycin may inhibit ALDH-positive DU145 stem cells through the mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion Salinomycin may play an important role in inhibiting cancer stem cells by inhibiting mTOR pathway signaling.

Effect of Nicorandil on Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Isolated Rat's Heart / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of potassium channel opener nicorandil on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in isolated rat's heart. Methods: Langendorff system was established for isolated heart reperfusion. A total of 44 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Normal control group, Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) group, Adenosine/I-R (A/I-R) group, the I-R heart was treated by adenosine 100 μmo/L and Nicorandil/I-R (N/I-R) group, the I-R heart was treated by nicorandil 200 μmo/L.n=11 in each group. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), the maximal rise/fall rate of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax), reperfusion arrhythmia (RA) and myocardial infarction (MI) size were recorded; the expressions of left ventricular tissue acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), Bcl-2 and Bax were examined and compared among different groups. Results:①Compared with I-R and A/I-R groups, N/I-R group had increased LVDP at 30 min and 45 min reperfusion, allP0.05. Conclusion: Nicorandil may reduce MIRI and protect myocardium in isolated rat's heart, the overall effect is better than adenosine. Nicorandil can up-regulate the expressions of mitochondrial ALDH2, Bcl-2 and down-regulate the expression of Bax.

Experimental study of inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by a novel gene SPATA12 / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the inhibitory role of spermatogenesis-associated gene 12 (SPATA12) on tumor cell proliferation and its possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#The expression pattern of SPATA12 in testicular tumors was investigated by in situ hybridization analysis using tissue microarrays. The effects of SPATA12 on tumor cell proliferation and colony formation was detected by 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and colonyforming assays, respectively. The changes of expression level of cell cycle genes in tumor cells were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR).@*RESULTS@#In situ hybridization analysis showed that the SPATA12 was highly expressed in normal adult testis, but lacking in testicular tumors such as seminoma. MTT assay and colony-forming assay indicated that the exogenous expression of SPATA12 could suppress both tumor cell proliferation and colony formation. RT-PCR showed that the expression of cyclin A1 gene was markedly suppressed and the level of cyclin D1 was somewhat reduced following SPATA12 transfection. However, no obvious changes were observed in mRNA expression of cyclin B1 or cyclin E1 after SPATA12 transfection.@*CONCLUSION@#SPATA12 could be an inhibitor during the development of tumor via regulation of cell cycle genes.

Construction of the DNA vaccine plasmid against CDR3 region of immunoglobulin heavy chain of the human B-cell lymphoma cell line Namalwa / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To analyze whether the DNA vaccine against the CDR3 regio n of immunoglobulin heavy chain of the human B-cell lymphoma could elicit the s p ecific idiotypic antibody,the authors established a model with the human B-cell lymphoma c ell line Namalwa.The CDR3 gene fragment of Namalwa membranous immunoglobulin hea vy chain was amplified.The sequenced CDR3 fragment was used as the antigen gene to construct the DNA vaccine plasmid. Methods:The authors acquired the CDR3 gene fragment using Ig superfamily primers by means of RT-PCR and the murine monocyte chemot ic protein(MCP-3) as the adjuvant molecular.The fused gene fragment of CDR3 and MCP-3 was obtained by recombinant PCR and then cloned into the eukaryonic plas mid vector pcDNA3.1 to construct the DNA vaccine plamid.Then the vaccine plasmid was transiently expressed in the eukaryonic cell COS-7. Results:The authors acquired th e DNA vaccine plasmid in which the mIgCDR3 of the Namalwa cell was used as the a ntigen gene by the molecular biology. Conclusion:The transient transfection assa y proved that the recombinant plasmid could express in eukaryonic cells in right way.They have constructed an expression plasmid containing fused MCP3-CDR3 seq uen ce which could be used in further study of DNA vaccine against B-cell lymphoma in vivo. [

Investigation of Demodex Infection Among Medical Students / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

Squeezing and smear method was used to detect Demodex infection for college students,the overall infection rate was 30.81% with Demodex folliculorum as the major one,D.brevis and mixed infection as the second ones.Certain relations were found between facial signs,lipid content and the infection.Prevalence was higher in those students who used to share washing materials(towels,etc.)with family members.