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Objective:To evaluate the performance of rural practitioners of endoscopic cleaning and disinfection participating in the Early Diagnosis and Treatment Program for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:The questionnaires for skill assessment were designed based on the skill scheme and clinical practice of the Early Diagnosis and Treatment Program for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers in rural China, and the App Early diagnosis, Early treatment was used as the examination platform. The practitioners in 539 county hospitals from 25 provinces participating in the program in 2019 were assessed for techniques and skills for endoscopic cleaning and disinfection and the excellence rate was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for the examination. Results:A total of 1 671 endoscopic cleaning and disinfection practitioners participated in the assessment with the score of 73.41±16.60. The passing rate was 85.82%, and the excellence rate was 44.94%. Among all questions, the correct rate of "opportunistic screening flow chart" was the highest (98.21%), and that of "the evaluation index for mass screening" was the lowest (57.89%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the excellence rate was high in practitioners who had a bachelor degree or above ( OR=1.627,95% CI:1.319-2.007, P<0.001), the career for 5 to <15 years (5 to <10 years: OR=1.329,95% CI:1.045-1.689, P=0.020; 10 to <15 years: OR=1.384,95% CI:1.026-1.867, P=0.033), working in eastern and central regions (eastern regions: OR=3.476,95% CI:2.368-5.103, P<0.001;central regions: OR=4.028,95% CI:2.679-6.057, P<0.001) and with full understanding of the screening scheme ( OR=1.547,95% CI:1.246-1.921, P<0.001) . Conclusion:Practitioners on the Early Diagnosis and Treatment Program for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers in rural China have mastered the basic screening scheme and skills for endoscopic cleaning and disinfection. The education background, duration of the career, area and understanding of screening scheme are influencing factors for the excellence rate of endoscopic cleaning and disinfection.
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Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication and an independent risk factor for death in patients with liver cirrhosis. Brain lactate level is associated with the progression and severity of HE, and research on brain lactate level may help to further explain the pathogenesis of HE. This article summarizes the metabolic process of brain lactate, the association between brain lactate level and HE, and the potential therapeutic targets for HE and provides a reference for clinicians to further systematically evaluate the progression, treatment outcome, and prognosis of patients with HE, in order to reduce the medical burden of patients and improve the prognosis of patients with HE.
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Objective:To explore the value of prenatal MRI in the diagnosis of isolated mild and moderate bilateral ventriculomegaly and neural development of the fetuses after birth.Methods:This is a retrospective study involving 244 singleton fetuses with isolated mild or moderate lateral ventriculomegaly diagnosed by both prenatal ultrasound and MRI in Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care from May 2013 to June 2017, consisting of 82 cases with bilateral ventriculomegaly (BVM) and 162 with unilateral ventriculomegaly (UVM). The two groups were further divided into two subgroups: mild (lateral ventricle width: 10.0-12.0 mm, bilateral 56 cases, unilateral 120 cases) and moderate group (lateral ventricle width: >12.0-<15.0 mm, bilateral 26 cases, unilateral 42 cases). In addition, 50 singleton fetuses without any abnormality in the nervous system in prenatal check were included in the control group during the same period. All neonates were reexamined by ultrasound within one week after birth, and followed up regularly at the age of 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. Gesell Development Schedules (GDS) were used to evaluate the central nervous system's function, and postnatal changes in lateral ventriculomegaly were observed. Statistical analysis was performed by t, F, Chi-square tests (or Fisher's exact test). Results:(1) There was no difference among intervals between MRI scan and delivery in the BVM, UVM, and the control groups. The disappearance rate of lateral ventriculomegaly after birth was 80.4% (45/56) in the mild BVM group, 42.3% (11/26) in the moderate BVM group, 88.3% (106/120) in the mild UVM group, and 57.1% (24/42) in the moderate UVM group ( χ2=35.183, P<0.001). (2) The GDS evaluation results in the BVM group at 6, 12, and 18 months after birth were worse than those in the UVM group (all P<0.0167). The GDS evaluation results in the BVM group were worse than those in the control group at 3 and 6 months after birth [3 months: normal: 58.5% (48/82) vs 86.0% (43/50), borderline: 22.0% (18/82) vs 10.0% (5/50), delay: 19.5% (16/82) vs 4.0% (2/50), χ2=11.425; 6 months: normal: 63.4% (52/82) vs 88.0% (44/50), borderline: 19.5% (16/82) vs 8.0% (4/50), delay: 17.1% (14/82) vs 4.0% (2/50), χ2=9.678; all P<0.0167]. (3) The GDS evaluation results in the moderate BVM group at 6, 12, and 18 months after birth were worse than those in the moderate UVM group [6 months: normal: 30.8% (8/26) vs 69.0% (29/42), borderline: 30.8% (8/26) vs 21.4% (9/42), delay: 38.5% (10/26) vs 9.5% (4/42), χ2=11.417; 12 months: normal: 53.8% (14/26) vs 88.1% (37/42), borderline: 23.1% (6/26) vs 9.5% (4/42), delay: 23.1% (6/26) vs 2.4% (1/42), χ2=11.199; 18 months: normal: 65.4% (17/26) vs 95.2% (40/42), borderline: 15.4% (4/26) vs 2.4% (1/42), delay: 19.2% (5/26) vs 2.4% (1/42), χ2=10.568; all P<0.0167]. The GDS evaluation results of the moderate BVM group at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after birth were worse than the control group. (4) In the BVM group, the GDS scores at 18 months of age were better than those at three months of age ( χ2=8.224, P=0.016). Conclusions:(1) Most mild BVM would disappear spontaneously after birth, while more in mild UVM cases. (2) The postnatal GDS evaluation results of the BVM group is significantly worse than that of the UBM group at months of age; (3) Fetuses with less severe isolated BVM are more likely to have improved GDS score after birth.
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Objective@#To investigate the demand and access to the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge and related factors among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of general demographic characteristics, the demand and access to cancer prevention and treatment knowledge, and the influencing factors of the attitude. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of the demand of the cancer prevention knowledge among different groups and the corresponding factors of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were analyzed by using the logistic regression model.@*Results@#The proportion of residents who need the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was 79.5%. The demand rate of the inducement, symptom and diagnosis methods of cancer in the occupational population was highest, about 66.8%, 71.0% and 20.8%, respectively. The demand rate of treatment methods and cost in current cancer patients was the highest, about the 45.9% and 21.9%, respectively. The top three sources to acquire the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were "broadcast or television" (69.5%), "books, newspapers, posters or brochures" (44.7%) and "family and friends" (33.8%). The multivariate analysis showed that compared with public institution personnel/civil servants, unmarried/cohabiting/divorced/widowed and others, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, from the eastern region, people without cancer diagnosis and people with self-assessment of cancer risk, the demand rate of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was higher in enterprise personnel/workers, married, annual household income between 60 000 CNY and 150 000 CNY, from the central region, people with cancer and people with unclear cancer risk (all P values <0.05).@*Conclusion@#There was a high demand for the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017. The main access to the knowledge is from the radio or television. The occupation, marital status, annual household income, residential region, health status and risk of disease were the main factors of the demand of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge.
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Objective@#To understand the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment among urban residents of China, and explore the related factors.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The health literacy of the cancer prevention, early discovery, early diagnosis, early treatment and the demands of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was analyzed. The level of health literacy among different groups were calculated and compared. The binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment.@*Results@#The level of health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment was 56.97% among all study population; in each group it was 55.01% for community residents, 59.08% for cancer risk assessment/screening population, 61.99% for cancer patients and 57.31% for occupational population, respectively (P<0.001). The level of health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment of residents aged 50 to 69 years old, other occupational groups, unmarried, the central and western region residents and the group with unclear self-assessment of cancer risk was significantly lower than that of residents younger than 40 years old, personnel of public institutions/civil servants, married, the eastern region residents and the group whose self-assessment without cancer risk (P<0.05) . The level of health literacy of cancer prevention and treatment of females, people who went to high school or over, cancer risk assessment/screening population, cancer patients and occupational population was significantly higher than that of males, people who had an education level of primary school or below and community residents (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#The health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment of urban residents in China was relatively high, but there was still room for improvement. Gender, age, educational level, occupation, region, marital status, self-assessment of cancer risk, and type of respondents were the key influencing factors of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment. Male, 50-69 years old, lower educational level, central and western regions, unclear cancer risk self-assessment, and without specific environmental exposure to cancer prevention and treatment knowledge or related risk factors were the characteristics of the key intervention group of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment.
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Objective@#To understand the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and its demographic and socioeconomic factors.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The questionnaire collected personal information, the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and relevant factors. The Chi square test was used to compare the difference between the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and relevant factors among the four groups. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early treatment.@*Results@#With the assumption of being diagnosed as precancer or cancer, 89.97% of community residents, 91.84% of cancer risk assessment/screening population, 93.00% of cancer patients and 91.52% of occupational population would accept active treatments (P<0.001). If the immediate family members were diagnosed as precancer or cancer, people who would encourage their family members to receive early treatment in the four groups accounted for 91.96%, 91.94%, 92.44% and 91.55%, respectively (P<0.001). The company employees, annual household income with 40 000 yuan and more and other three groups had a relatively better consciousness of the cancer early treatment (P<0.05). Male, widowed, unemployed and from the central and western regions had a relatively worse consciousness of the cancer early treatment (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Residents in urban China participants had a good consciousness of the cancer early treatment. The marital status, occupation, annual household income and residential regions were major factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early treatment.
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Objective@#To understand the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis among urban residents and identify the related factors from 2015 to 2017.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The general demographic characteristics, the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis (whether people would have a willingness or encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the abnormal results once which were detected from the physical examination) and other information were collected by using the self-designed questionnaire. The non-conditional logistic regression model was used to identify the relateol factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis.@*Results@#As for residents with abnormal result from the physical examination, 89.29% (28 802) of residents would choose to seek medical treatment for further diagnosis. If their relatives/friends had abnormal results from the physical examination, 89.55% (28 886) of residents would encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the diagnosis in time. The non-conditional logistic regression model analysis showed that compared with the public institution staff/civil servants, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, the western region and the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, the company staff, annual household income about 40 000 CNY and more, and the residents from the middle and eastern region had a stronger consciousness to seek further diagnosis; while the unemployed residents and community residents were less likely to seek further diagnosis (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#From 2015 to 2017, the Chinese urban residents had a good consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis. Occupation, annual household income, residential region and population group were related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis.
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Objective@#To understand the consciousness of the cancer early detection among urban residents and identify the influencing factors from 2015 to 2017.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. Self-designed questionnaires were used to collect population, socioeconomic indicators, self-cancer risk assessment, regular participation in physical examination and other information. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors of people who had not regularly participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years.@*Results@#The self-assessment results of 32 357 residents showed that there were 27.54% (8 882) of total study population with self-reported cancer risk, 45.48% (14 671) without cancer risk and 26.98% (8 704) with unclear judgement on their own cancer risk. Among population with cancer risk, 79.84% (7 091) considered physical examination accounted. In the past five years, there were 21 105 (65.43%) residents participated in regular physical examination and 11 148 (34.56%) participated in non-scheduled one, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with unmarried and western region residents, divorced, middle and eastern region residents had a stronger consciousness to participate in the regular physical examination (P<0.05). Compare with residents with annual household income less than 20 000 CNY in 2014, cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, and self-assessment with cancer risk, residents with annual household income between 20 000 CNY and 59 000 CNY in 2014, occupational population, community residents, cancer patients, self-reported cancer-free risk, and self-assessment with unclear judgement of cancer risk were less likely to participate in the regular physical examination (all P values <0.05).@*Conclusion@#From 2015 to 2017, the Chinese urban residents had a acceptable consciousness of the cancer early detection. The marital status, annual household income, population group and self-assessment of cancer risk were related to the consciousness of the cancer early detection of people who had not participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years.
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Objective@#To understand the health literacy and relevant factors of cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents from 2015 to 2017.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of demographic characteristics and cancer prevention consciousness focusing on nine common risk factors, including smoking, alcohol, fiber food, food in hot temperature or pickled food, chewing betel nut, helicobacter pylori, moldy food, hepatitis B infection, estrogen, and exercise. The logistic regression model was adopted to identify the influencing factors.@*Results@#The overall health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness was 77.4% (24 980 participants), with 77.4% (12 018 participants), 79.9% (6 406 participants), 77.2% (1 766 participants) and 74.5% (4 709 participants) in each group (P<0.001). The correct response rates for nine risk factors ranged from 55.2% to 93.0%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with community residents, people with primary school level education or below, and the number of people living together in the family <3, the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, cancer patients, those with junior high school level educationor above and the number of people living in the family ≥3 had better health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness (all P values <0.05). Compared with females, 39 years old and below, government-affiliated institutions or civil servants, from the eastern region, males, older than 40 years, company or enterprise employees, and from the middle or western region had worse health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness (all P values <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents should be improved. The cancer screening intervention, gender, age, education, occupation, the number of people co-living in the family, and residential region were associated with the health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness.
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Objective@#To describe the status of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use in areas with a high incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China. @*Methods@#This study was based on the National Key Research and Development Program of "National Precision Medicine Cohort of Esophageal Cancer" and "Study on Identification and Prevention of High-risk Populations of Gastrointestinal Malignancies (Esophageal cancer, Gastric cancer and Colorectal cancer)" . From January 2017 to August 2018, 212 villages or communities with a high incidence of esophageal cancer or gastric cancer were selected from 12 regions in 6 provinces. A total of 35 910 residents aged between 40 and 69 years old who met the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent were investigated and enrolled in this study. The use of NSAIDs, demographic characteristics, health-related habits, height, weight, and blood pressure were collected by the questionnaire and physical examination. The status of main NSAIDs (aspirin, acetaminophen and ibuprofen) use with the difference varying in genders, age groups and regions were analyzed by using χ2 test and Cochran-Armitage trend analysis method. @*Results@#Of 35 910 subjects, the mean age was (54.6±7.1) years old and males accounted for 43.42% (15 591). The overall prevalence of NSAIDs intake was 4.56% (1 638), but it significantly varied in different provinces (P<0.001). The overall prevalence of NSAIDs intake was 4.87% (1 750) in females, which was significantly higher than that in males 4.24% (1 524) (P<0.001). The prevalence of NSAIDs intake increased with age (P for trend <0.001). As the frequency of NSAIDs intake increased, the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, gastrointestinal ulcers and black stools increased (P for trend <0.05 for all). @*Conclusion@#The use of NSAIDs is prevalent in some areas with a high incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China. The increased use of NSAIDs may lead to more adverse effects related to the gastrointestinal tract.
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Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of biofeedback electrical stimulation plus pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after total hysterectomy.Methods The research objects who underwent total hysterectomy and complicated SUI were selected from January 2014 to December 2017 in our hospital.They were randomly divided into two groups:the study group (n =55) received biofeedback electrical stimulation plus PFMT treatment,while the control group (n=55) received PFMT treatment only.To record and compare the efficacy related indicators of the two groups.Results The indexes and scores of 3/6 months in the two groups were significantly improvedafter treatment.After 3 months the treatment,the study group had less leakage of urine [(4.3 ± 1.2)g vs (5.7 ± 1.9) g],better recovery of muscle strength of Ⅰ/Ⅱ muscle fibers [(3.5 ± 0.9) grade vs (2.8 ± 1.1) grade &(3.7 ± 0.6) grade vs (3.2 ± 1.2) grade],and better score of international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-short form (ICI-Q-SF) questionnaire [(2.7 ± 1.4) vs (4.5 ± 2.2)] compared with the control group,with statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05).After 6 months treatment,compared with the contiol group,the study group had less leakage of urine pad test [(1.4 ± 0.7) g vs (2.6 ± 1.1) g],better recovery of muscle strength of type Ⅰ/Ⅱ muscle fiber [(4.2 ±0.8) grade vs (3.5 ± 1.1)grade & (4.7 ±0.5) grade vs (4.0 ±0.9)grade],and better ICI-Q-SF score [(2.7 ± 1.4) vs (4.5 ±2.2)] (P ≤0.05).Conclusions Compared with using the PFMT alone,biofeedback electrical stimulation plus PFMT treatment had less leakage,better pelvic floor muscle strength and better subjective symptoms.
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Objective@#To facilitate using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system in human liver and gallbladder cancer cells, we established Cas9 stably expressed human liver and gallbladder cancer cell lines, and validated the gene editing activity of Cas9.@*Methods@#Human liver cancer cell lines (Huh7, PLC/PRF/5, HepG2, Hep3b, SK-HEP-1 and Li-7), human cholangiocarcinoma cells (RBE) and human gallbladder cancer cells (GBC-SD) were infected with 3 Cas9-expressing lentivirus vectors (pLv-EF1α-Cas9-Flag-Neo, pLv-EF1α-Cas9-Flag-Puro, Cas9m1.1), respectively, and Cas9 stably expressed colonies were screened and selected. We extracted the genomic DNA and protein, validated the stable expression of Cas9 by using genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot. Three of cell lines were further infected with Lv-EF1α-mCherry. Then mCherry positive cells were sorted by flow cytometry and infected with designed guide RNA (gRNA) vectors which targeted mCherry gene. Subsequently the gene editing activity of Cas9 was detected by genomic PCR, fluorescence microscopic observation and flow cytometry analysis.@*Results@#One hundred Cas9-expressing human liver and gallbladder cancer cell lines were selected. Among them, 35 cell lines expressed Cas9-Neo, 25 expressed Cas9-puro, and 40 expressed mutant Cas9 (mCas9). We also established 3 cell lines with stable expression of mCherry (Huh7-mCas9-M, PLC/PRF/5-Cas9-M and SK-HEP-1-Cas9-M). The results of genomic PCR and sequencing showed that by lentiviral infection with 2 types of designed gRNA, the long fragment deletion of mCherry gene was found in these 3 cell lines. Moreover, mCherry-EGFP+ cells infected with 2 types of gRNA were observed by fluorescence microscope. The results of flow cytometry showed that mCherry-EGFP+ cells accounted from 0.3% to 93.6%.@*Conclusion@#We successfully establish 100 human liver and gallbladder cancer cell lines with stable expression of Cas9 protein and validate their activities of gene editing.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of diphenoxylate abuse and related factors of forced drug abstainer in Gansu province.Methods By using a self-designed questionnaire,an epidemiologic investigation was carried out among 2 108 forced drug abstainer selected from the compulsory isolation detoxification center of Gansu province.A case-control study was conducted to analyze the factors related with diphenoxylate abuse.Results The diphenoxylate abuse rate among forced drug abstainer in Gansu was 19.8％ (406/2 046),ranking first in medical drug abuse.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors as relieving withdrawal symptoms (OR=2.08,95％CI:1.01-4.32),ways to obtain diphenoxylate (other ways:OR=1.00;regular clinic:OR=27.67,95％CI:2.64-289.82;friend:OR=0.01,95％CI:0.01-0.03),degree of euphoria (high:OR=1.00;medium:OR=3.36,95％CI:1.18-9.55;low:OR=26.16,95％CI:10.30-66.42),years of drug abuse (＜5 years:OR=-1.00;10-15 years:OR=2.48,95％CI:1.02-6.04),abuse at home or in friend's house (OR=3.04,95％CI:1.08-8.68),abuse in car (OR=0.05,95％CI:0.00-0.68) and detoxification for the first time (OR=0.61,95％ CI:0.43-0.86) were the possible influencing factors for diphenoxylate abuse.Conclusions The prevalence of diphenoxylate abuse in forced drug abstainer in Gansu was relatively high.Reasons of abusing,the way to obtain diphenoxylate,whether using drug together with friends,degree of euphoria,years of abuse,abuse place and times for detoxification were related factors influencing the abuse of diphenoxylate.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of diphenoxylate abuse and related factors of forced drug abstainer in Gansu province.Methods By using a self-designed questionnaire,an epidemiologic investigation was carried out among 2 108 forced drug abstainer selected from the compulsory isolation detoxification center of Gansu province.A case-control study was conducted to analyze the factors related with diphenoxylate abuse.Results The diphenoxylate abuse rate among forced drug abstainer in Gansu was 19.8％ (406/2 046),ranking first in medical drug abuse.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors as relieving withdrawal symptoms (OR=2.08,95％CI:1.01-4.32),ways to obtain diphenoxylate (other ways:OR=1.00;regular clinic:OR=27.67,95％CI:2.64-289.82;friend:OR=0.01,95％CI:0.01-0.03),degree of euphoria (high:OR=1.00;medium:OR=3.36,95％CI:1.18-9.55;low:OR=26.16,95％CI:10.30-66.42),years of drug abuse (＜5 years:OR=-1.00;10-15 years:OR=2.48,95％CI:1.02-6.04),abuse at home or in friend's house (OR=3.04,95％CI:1.08-8.68),abuse in car (OR=0.05,95％CI:0.00-0.68) and detoxification for the first time (OR=0.61,95％ CI:0.43-0.86) were the possible influencing factors for diphenoxylate abuse.Conclusions The prevalence of diphenoxylate abuse in forced drug abstainer in Gansu was relatively high.Reasons of abusing,the way to obtain diphenoxylate,whether using drug together with friends,degree of euphoria,years of abuse,abuse place and times for detoxification were related factors influencing the abuse of diphenoxylate.
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Objective@#To construct the third generation chimeric antigen receptor based on a novel humanized anti-HER2 H1-2 scFv, and to investigate the specific cytotoxicity of H1-2 CAR modified T lymphocytes(CAR-T) against HER2+ tumor cells.@*Method@#The expression cassette of the third generation CAR gene and anti-HER2 H1-2 scFv were constructed and cloned into lentivirus transfer plasmid, and then the third generation H1-2 CAR was transduced into human T lymphocytes using lentivirus.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of cytokines IL2, and LDH release assay was used to detect the cytotoxic effect of the H1-2 CAR-T.Finally, NOD/SCID mice and HER2+ breast cancer cell line SKBR3 were used to detect the anti-tumor effect of H1-2 CAR-T in vivo.@*Results@#The third generation H1-2 CAR was successfully constructed.H1-2 CAR-T secreted high dose of IL2 after confrontation with HER2+ breast cancer cells.In vitro, the cytolytic rate of H1-2 CAR-T on high expression HER2+ tumor cells was significantly higher than that in low expression HER2 or non-expression HER2 tumor cells. At the efficacy to target ratio of 20, the cytolytic rate of H1-2 CAR-T against breast cancer cell SK-BR-3 could reach (90.1±2.8)%, while the cytolytic rate of H1-2 CAR-T against HER2- breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 was only (13.5±4.7)%. In the mouse xenograft tumor model, H1-2 CAR-T cells inhibited breast cancer growth in vivo.At the end of the experiments, the average tumor weight in the H1-2 CAR-T cell treatment group was (0.7±0.1) g, the non-transfected T cell therapeutic group was (1.2±0.2) g, and the PBS group was (1.2±0.2) g. There was significant difference between the H1-2 CAR-T therapeutic group and the non-transfected T cell therapeutic group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the non-transfected T cell therapeutic group and the PBS treatment group (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#The HER2-sepcific H1-2 CAR-T cells specifically kill HER2 positive cells, and further studies on CAR-T cells for the treatment of HER2+ cancers are useful.
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Objective@#To clarify the virus hosting status of human cell lines.@*Methods@#The DNA of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Human pappilomavirus (HPV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) in 135 human cell lines were checked using PCR, and HCV RNA sequences were checked by RT-PCR. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the virus particles in cells. The high-risk genotypes of HPV were tested by PCR.@*Results@#By PCR assaying, among the 135 human cell lines, four cell lines(Daudi, Raji, EB-3, NCI-BL2009) harbored EBV DNA sequences; two(Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5) harbored HBV DNA sequences; seven (HeLa, HeLa 229, H1HeLa, HeLaS3, SiHa, Caski, CNE-2Z) harbored HPV DNA sequences, including two cell lines (SiHa, Caski) with HPV16, five cell lines(HeLa, HeLa 229, H1HeLa, HeLaS3, CNE-2Z) with HPV18; one cell line(HUT 102) harbored HTLV DNA sequences. No cell line harbored HCV RNA sequences and HIV DNA sequences. No viral particles were observed in the positive cell lines by TEM, but some viral inclusion bodies in certain cell lines.@*Conclusions@#The virus hosting status of human cell lines can be checked by PCR or RT-PCR. The viral DNA sequences were integrated in the cellular genome.
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Objective@#To establish a laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cell line through primary cell culture and observe its biological characteristics.@*Methods@#Tissue block culture method was used for primary cell culture. After LSCC cells passed 25 times in vitro, the morphology of cells was observed, keratin was stained histochemically, cell cycle was tested by PI-FACS, and the specie of cells was detected by PCR and short tandem repeat(STR) typing.@*Results@#This newly established LSCC cell line was named as TR-LCC-1, most of the cancer cells were polygonal shape, like the cobblestone, loss of contact inhibition and with overlapping growth. Cell size was large and cell pleomorphism was very obvious. Cytokeratin staining was positive. After 6 months of continuous culture in vitro, the TR-LCC-1 cells passed more than 30 times, and cell doubling time was 201.2h. Cell cycle assay indicated that G1 phase accounted for 51.71%, S phase was 44.56%, and G2 phase was 2.28%. Mycoplasma test showed no mycoplasma contamination. Cell species identification identified TR-LCC-1 was human-derived cells. STR detection showed P26 and P6 were same, and they were different from the STR typing of disclosed cells.@*Conclusion@#The establish ment of the new laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell line TR-LCC-1 can be helpful to the research for laryngeal squamous cell cancer.
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Objective@#To establish human cancer cell strains with stable Cas9 expression, and to validate the gene editing activity of Cas9 for simple gene editing in future study.@*Methods@#Fifteen cancer cell lines of different tissue origins were infected with pLv-EF1α-Cas9-Flag-Neo or pLv-EF1α-Cas9-Flag-Puro by lentivirus and clone selection was employed to screen Cas9 stably expressed cancer cell lines. Afterward designed guide RNA vectors targeting TSC22 gene were transiently transfected into 3 of cell lines, and subsequently the gene editing activity of Cas9 was evaluated by genomic PCR, sequencing and Western blot.@*Results@#Sixty-nine human cancer cell strains with stable Cas9 expression from different cancers were established, and by transient transfection with designed guide RNA, long fragment deletion was detected in TSC22 gene.@*Conclusions@#Sixty-nine human cancer cell strains are successfully established with stable expression of Cas9 protein and gene editing activity. These cell strains may be employed in large-scale drug screening, screening of new drug targets and gene function investigation.
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Objective To efficiently builds up and expand breast cancer cells from cancer tissue and to identify their biological properties , provide abundant materials for research and personalized medicine .Methods Feeder cell layer and ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 were employed to faciliate the breast cancer cells;CCK-8 was used to determine the proliferation of the breast cancer cells; Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry; Histochemistry ( FH) assay to show the expression level of CK .The mRNA expression of HER-2, ER, PR and the breast cancer stem cell associated molecules (such as CD44, CD24, etc.) were detected by RT-PCR;STR assay was used for identifying verification of the cells .Results The use of feeder cells and Y-27632 facilitates rapid expand of the original breast cancer cells , and the cells have kept the original features of the tumor .Conclusions To use the method could obtain a large number of cells within a short time , which can promptly be used for the research of per-sonalized medicine .
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Objective To confirm untoward reactions in uterine benign disease caused by the application of high intensity fo‐cused ultrasound (HIFU) is lighter .Methods Following‐up 877 cases of patients with uterine benign disease who received HIFU treatment from September 2014 to May 2016 in Zigong Fourth People′s Hospital ,the intra‐and post‐operative untoward reactions were summarized and analyzed .Results We summarized the occurrence of untoward reactions ,treatment measures and prognosis :98% of untoward reactions were SIR A to B level ,and fully recovered after treatment immediately to 1 week without special inter‐vention;2% of untoward reactions were SIR C to D ,also fully recovered after hospital and nursing treatment ;no serious complica‐tions(SIR D and above) occurred .Conclusion HIFU can be used in the treatment of uterine benign diseases in our hospital ,which could provide references for the treatment of uterine benign diseases by using HIFU .