Research advances in tenofovir alafenamide fumarate in treatment of special chronic hepatitis B / 临床肝胆病杂志

There are a large number of individuals with HBV infection in China, which seriously endangers public health safety. As a first-line drug used in clinical practice, tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) has the characteristics of strong efficacy, low drug resistance, and bone and kidney safety. This article summarizes the role of TAF in patients with special types of chronic hepatitis B, such as low-level viremia, multidrug resistance, pregnancy, liver failure, and liver transplantation, and the analysis shows that TAF can reduce viral load in patients with low-level viremia to achieve virologic response, provide new regimens for patients with drug resistance, block mother-to-child transmission, reduce the mortality rate of patients with end-stage liver disease, and improve renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Analysis of timing and prognostic factors of early tracheotomy in patients with multiple rib fractures / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the related factors that affect the timing and prognosis of early tracheostomy in patients with multiple rib fractures.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on medical data of 222 patients with multiple rib fractures who underwent tracheostomy in Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from February 2013 to October 2019，including 160 males and 66 females，with the age of 18 to 85 years ［（49.5 ± 16.3）years］. According to the practice management guidelines for tracheostomy timing and the use of propensity score matching technology，there were 118 patients with tracheostomy within 7 days of tracheal intubation （early group） and 104 patients with tracheostomy after 7 days of tracheal intubation （late group） before matching，and there were 87 patients in early group and 87 patients in late group after matching. Data were compared between groups including the gender，age，underlying disease，injury severity score （ISS），Glasgow coma score （GCS），number of fractured ribs，total number of rib fractures （NTRF），first rib fracture，flail chest，traumatic brain injury，combined injuries （spine，maxillofacial，sternum），acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS），volume fraction of pulmonary contusion（VPC），blood lactic acid （within 24 hours of admission），hemothorax，pneumothorax，mechanical ventilation time，duration of tracheostomy，time from tracheal intubation to incision，length of hospital stay，length of stay in ICU，closed thoracic drainage，number of fiberoptic bronchoscopy，multi-drug resistant bacteria infection，ventilator-associated pneumonia，antibiotic use time，duration of sedative and analgesic drugs used and 28-day mortality. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to predict independent risk factors for early tracheostomy. The Pearson method was used to compare the relationship between multiple factors. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to predict indicators that affect the prognosis of patients with early tracheostomy，and calculate the best cut-off value. The Kaplan-Meier single factor and COX multivariate survival were used to analyze the relevant factors affecting the 28-day mortality of patients.Results:（1） In early group，the NTRF，ARDS and VPC were higher than those in late group，and the time from tracheal intubation to incision and 28-day mortality rate were lower than those in late group （ P < 0.05），while the two groups showed no significant differences in the gender，age，underlying diseases and ISS （ P > 0.05）. （2） The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was statistical significance in NTRF （ OR = 1.775，95% CI 1.439-2.188），ARDS（ OR = 3.740，95% CI 1.441-9.711），VPC （ OR = 1.087，95% CI 1.052-1.124） （ P < 0.05）； the Pearson method analysis showed a significant correlation between VPC and NTRF （ r = 0.369， P < 0.05） and a low degree of correlation between ARDS and VPC （ r = 0.179， P < 0.05），but there was no significant correlation between ARDS and NTRF （ r = 0.132， P > 0.05）. （3） The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve （AUC） of the VPC and NTRF ［AUC = 0.832 （95% CI 0.770-0.893），AUC = 0.804 （95% CI 0.740-0.868）］ were significantly higher than those of the number of rib fractures ［AUC = 0.437（95% CI 0.352-0.523），GCS ［AUC = 0.519 （95% CI 0.432-0.605）］ and ISS ［AUC = 0.484 （95% CI 0.398-0.571）］ （ P < 0.05）. After calculating the Yorden index，the best cut-off value for VPC was 23.9，and the best cut-off value for NTRF was 8.5. （4） The Kaplan-Meier single factor and multivariate COX model survival analysis showed that the 28-day survival ratio of patients with early tracheostomy was significantly better than that of late tracheostomy （ P < 0.05）. Conclusions:The NTRF，ADRS and VPC are independent risk factors for the timing and prognosis of early tracheostomy. There is a significant correlation between VPC and NTRF. The VPC ≥ 23.9% and or NTRF ≥ 8.5 can be used to predict early tracheostomy in patients with multiple rib fractures. Early tracheostomy may benefit the 28-day survival of patients with multiple rib fractures.

The effects of bone graft combined with enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects compared with that of bone graft alone: A meta-analysis / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) combined with bone grafts in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects comparied with that of bone grafts alone by Meta-analysis. Methods: The randomized controlled trials(RCTs) about the efficacy of enamel matrix derivative and bone grafts for the treatment of periodontal osseous defects were collected from Cochrane Library,EMBASE,PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang databases and Google scholar from inception may,2016 by electronic search,scored literatures with the methodological index for non-randomized studies(MINORS) evaluation tool. Revman 5. 3 was used for the Meta-analysis. Results: 5 RCTs articles with 145 cases were included. Meta-analysis showed that: at 6 months of follow-up, PD reduction and CAL gain was found more in test group than in control group(WMD = 0. 40,95％ CI =[0. 01,0. 79],P ＜ 0. 05) and (WMD = 0. 50,95％ CI =[0. 12,0. 88],P ＜ 0. 05) respectively. At 12 months of follow-up,there was no statistical significant difference in PD reduction and CAL gain respectively between the 2 treatments. Conclusion: The combined use of EMD and bone grafts may improve PD reduction and CAL gain in the early stage of convalescence following treatment of periodontal osseous deffects.

Repaglinide effected on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 subclone 14 cell in hyperglycemia condition / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective This study examined the effects of repaglinide on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of mouse pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 subclone 14 cell under high glucose condition.Methods MC3T3-E1 cells cultured in vitro for 48h were divided into the following groups: control group and repaglinide with different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/L).Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay.mRNA levels of type I collagen(COL-Ⅰ), osteopontin(OPN) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were assayed using quantitative real-time PCR.Expression of apoptosis related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax) was measured by western blot analysis.Results (1)Compared with control group, the proliferation rate of repaglinide with different concentrations increased, while the proliferation rate of the 1 μmol/L repaglinide group significantly higher than that of the control group(P0.05).Compared with control group, the OPN and ALP mRNA expression increased significantly in the 1 μmol/L repaglinide group(P<0.05), while the OPN expression was significantly declined in the 10 μmol/L repaglinide group(P<0.05).(3)The protein expression of Bcl-2 was positively related with repaglinide concentration(P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bax went down in the 1 and 10 μmol/L repaglinide groups(P<0.05).Conclusion When exposed to high glucose concentration, repaglinide in a certain concentration range may promote the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 subclone 14, while restrain its apoptosis.

Volumetric changes in the upper airway after orthodontic-orthoganthic surgery for the treatment of skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion: A meta-analysis / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate volumetric changes in the upper airway after orthodontic-bimaxillary surgery for the treatment of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion.Methods:Literatures about volumetric changes in the upper airway after orthodontic-bimaxillary surgery for the treatment of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion were searched from the database:Cochrane library,Embase,PubMed,Web of Science,Wangfang,China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP),Chinese Biomedical Medicine Database (CBM) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).All the literatures were evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS) and analyzed by RevMan 5.3.Results:9 studies with 204 cases about volumetric changes in the upper airway after orthodontic-bimaxillary surgery for the treatment of skeletal Ⅲ malocclusion were included.Meta-analysis showed that after treatment there was no statistical difference about the nasopharyngeal volume change and the total volume change(P＞0.05);there was statistically significant difference about oropharyngeal volume change (P＜0.05).Conclusion:It might be better to consider orthodontic-bimaxillary surgery for skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion with certain risk factors about OSAHS,but there was still a risk of airway narrow after orthodontic-bimaxillary surgery for skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion.

The mechanism of melatonin attenuates activation of hepatic stellate cells / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of melatonin on TGF-β1-stimulated HSC-T6 cells and its underling mechanism.Methods The HSC-T6 cells were divided into five groups:control group,model group and three experimental groups.After being cultured for 24 h,they were replaced with FBS-free medium and treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1,5 ng/ml) excepted the control group,and melatonin was added immediately with different concentrations (1 nmol/L,1 μmol/L,0.1 mmol/L) in three experimental groups.After drugs incubation for 48 h,MTT assay was performed to assess the cell proliferation,immunocytochemistry were used to assess the expression levels of Smad2/3,p-Smad2/3.Results Melatonin could significantly inhibited cells proliferation simulating with TGF-β1 (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 in TGF-β1-treated group were dramatically elevated compared to the control group(P ＜ 0.01).After being added with different concentrations of melatonin,the expression of Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 were strongly attenuated compared with the model group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Melatonin significantly mitigates HSCs'activation,which might be related to TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-4 in Skeletal Class Ⅱ Malocclusion during growth peak / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Preliminary studies of our research group have confirmed that bone morphogenetic protein-4 can stimulate the development of mandible in the growth period, but whether bone morphogenetic protein-4 can interact with bone morphogenetic protein-2 to promote the growth of mandible has not been reported. OBJECTIVE:To detect the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-4 in skeletal class II malocclusion during growth peak, and to explore the relationship of the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-4 with mandibular growth. METHODS: Patients with skeletal class I malocclusion in growth peak served as group I, and those with skeletal class II malocclusion in growth peak characterized as mandibular retrognathia acted as group II. There were 18 cases in each group. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-4 in serum was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-4 in the group II was significantly lower than that in the group I (P < 0.05). In the group II, there was a significant correlation between the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-4. These experimental findings confirm that the reduced expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-4 in skeletal class II malocclusion during growth peak has a certain relationship with mandibular deficiency, and moreover, bone morphogenetic protein-2 interacts with bone morphogenetic protein-4 to promote the growth of mandible.

Effects of yuan-source points and collateral-points combination and bushen yishou capsule on hemorheology and hs-CRP in patents with cerebral infarction / 重庆医学

Objective To study the effect of Yuan‐source Points and Collateral‐points combination and Bushen Yishou cap‐sule on hemorheology and hs‐CRP in patients with cerebral infarction .Methods A total of 120 patients with neurological function defects diagnosed with cerebral brain infarction were randomly divided into 3 groups ,who were given general treatment and nursing as usual ,Acupuncture group in general treatment based on Yuan‐source Points and Collateral‐points combination for enjoy points principles ,to acupuncture treatment ;drug group to oral Bushen Yishou capsule;combined group to Yuan‐source Points and Collat‐eral‐points combination and oral Bushen Yishou Capsule .Neurological function defects scores ,blood rheological properties and blood hs‐CRP were evaluated in all patients before and after treatment for 1 month .Results Three sets of results in treatment of limb function after scoring ,hemorheology and serum hs‐CRP levels were significantly improved (P<0 .01) .There was better improve‐ment in Combined group than these in Acupuncture group and Drug group respectively (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Yuan‐source Points and Collateral‐points combination combined with Bushen Yishou capsule can significantly improve neurological function and hemo‐rheology ,hs‐CRP levels in patients with cerebral infarction .

Macroporous Resin Adsorption Kinetics for Effective Extraction of Water Extracting with Alcohol Precipitating in Cicada Slough / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to study macroporous resin adsorption kinetics for effective extraction of water ex-tracting with alcohol precipitating in cicada slough. PT, APTT and the coagulation-fibrinolysis dynamic figure were taken as main indexes, which were combined with static and dynamic tests, to select the best macroporous resin to separate and purify the extraction. Adsorption kinetics curve was drawn to fit the adsorption kinetics model. The re-sults showed that NKA-9 macroporous resin was more effective in separating and purifying effective extraction than others. The adsorption dynamic behavior was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation. It was concluded that the adsorption rate was mainly controlled by the intraparticle diffusion.

Effect of different sources of tolerogenic dendritic cells on root resorption and healing after tooth transplantation in rats / 重庆医学

Objective To study the effects of different sources of dendritic cells (DCs) on root resorption and healing after allo-geneic tooth transplantation in rats .Methods The BN rats and Lewis rats were respectively used as the donor and recipient teeth for establishing the animal experimental transplantation models and randomly divided into 4 groups ,20 cases in each group :the syn-geneic transplantation group(A) and the allogeneic transplantation groups(B ,C ,D) .The group A and B were infused with PBS buffer solution 0 .5 mL on 7 d before operation .The group C and D were infused with 1 × 106 donor or recipient tolerogenic DCs on 7 d before operation .5 rats randomly selected from each group were sacrificed for performing the pathological examinations of transplanted teeth at the end of 1 ,2 ,4 and 8 weeks .Results The inflammatory cellular infiltration was most severe in the group B , slightest in the group A and moderate in the group C and D .The root resorption was minimal in the group A ,maximal in the group B and moderate in the group C and D (P0 .05) ,but which at 8 weeks in the group D was lower than that in the group C .The periodontal membrane healing points at 8 weeks in the group C and D was less than that in the group A ,but more than that in the group B (P<0 .05);the inflam-matory absorption was highest in the group B(P<0 .05);the alternative absorption was lowest in the group A (P<0 .05) .Conclu-sion The two different sources of tolerogenic DCs all could reduce the rejection reaction of allogeneic tooth transplantation ,reduce the root resorption and promote the healing of periodontal membrane .Recipient tolerogenic DCs could reduce the root resorption in late stage even more .

Preparation and in Vitro Release of Glycyrrhetinic Acid-tanshinone IIA-salvianolic acid B Compound Liposomes with Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivative as Targeting Molecule / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to study the preparation process of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-tanshinone IIA (TSN)-salvianolic acid B (SalB) compound liposomes with 3-succinic-30-stearyl glycyrrhetinic acid (18-GA-Suc) which is one of amphiphilicglycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as targeting molecule. The structure of the targeting molecule was validated by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR methods. The feed ratio of 18-GA-Suc was optimized through single factor test and the incorporation ratio of 18-GA-Suc was determined by low-speed centrifugation. Meanwhile, physicochemi-cal properties between Suc-GTS-Lip and GTS-Lip were compared. In vitro release studies of three components in Suc-GTS-Lip were conducted by equilibrium dialysis method. The results showed that the optimum conditions were when the feed ratio of 18-GA-Suc was 10%lipid liposomal membrane (mol·mol-1). It revealed that the incorpora-tion ratio of 18-GA-Suc was 96.58%, and the encapsulation efficiencies of GA, TSN, and SalB were about 86.15%, 81.70%, and 91.05%, respectively. In addition, the Suc-GTS-Lip was spherical and uniformly dispersed with parti-cle size of 128.7 nm and zeta potential of-15.5 mV. The release model of GA and TSN was fitted well with Higuchi equation, while SalB was fitted well with Hixon-crowell equation. It was concluded that Glycyrrhetinic acid deriva-tives (18-GA-Suc) can be successfully expressed in the liposome membrane, and the optimal preparation method of Suc-GTS-Lip was stable. All three components encapsulated into liposomes had sustained-release effects, which laid a good foundation for its further study about liver-targeting.

Effects of Sp1 on IP3R1 protein expression in human mesangial cells / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of specific protein 1 ( Sp1 ) on the TNF-αin-duced expression of inositol 1, 4, 5 trisphosphate receptor type 1 ( IP3R1 ) in human mesangial cells ( HMCs) and to further elucidate the molecular mechanism regarding the decreased glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) during hepatorenal syndrome .Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay were used to analyze the effects of TNF-αon the expression of IP3R1 at mRNA level and the expression of IP3R1 and Sp1 at protein level in HMCs , respectively.HMCs were transfected with a re-combinant plasmid PGL3-IP3R1 promoter to determine the effects of TNF-αon the activity of IP3R1 promot-er.HMCs were treated with Mithramycin A , an inhibitor of Sp1 binding, and transfected with Sp1-siRNA plasmid respectively to evaluate the expression of IP 3R1 regulated by TNF-α.The role of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in the TNF-αinduced expression of Sp 1 and IP3R1 proteins were detected by Western blot .Results TNF-αincreased the expression of IP3R1 at mRNA level and the expression of IP3R1 and Sp1 at protein lev-el in HMCs.Moreover, the activity of IP3R1 promoter in HMCs was remarkably increased by TNF-αas well.TNF-αinduced expression of IP3R1 was inhibited by Mithramycin A in a concentration dependent manner.HMCs transfected with Sp1-siRNA plasmid showed a significantly decreased expression of IP 3R1 protein.Both anti-TNFR1 and anti-TNFR2 antibodies blocked the TNF-αinduced IP3R1 expression, while only anti-TNFR1 antibodies inhibited the TNF-αinduced Sp1 expression.Conclusion TNF-αmight in-crease the expression of IP3R1 through the TNFR1/Sp1 signaling pathways in HMCs .

Study on Anticoagulant Activity in Vivo of Active Component F2-2 from Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), plasma fibrino-gen (FIB), platelet aggregation rate and blood clots-fibrinolytic dynamic figure were taken as indexes in the evalua-tion of anticoagulant activity in vivo of active component F2-2 from Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga. After 5 days of hypodermic injection of adrenaline, the rat model of acute blood stasis was established. Indexes were determined af-ter the model rats were treated with an intragastric administration of F2-2 for 9 days. The results showed that com-pared with the model group, PT/APTT was prolonged, FIB content was decreased, platelet aggregation rate and the largest of blood coagulation were declined after 9 days of intragastric administration in the model group. However, there was no difference on TT. It was concluded that the anticoagulant component F2-2 separated from E. seu Steleophaga showed favorable anticoagulant activity in vivo. However, its mechanism remained unknown and request-ed further researches.

PC-PLC/PKC-α pathway involves in TNF-α-induced IP3R1 expression in human mesangial cells / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of TNF-α on the expression of IP33R1 mRNA and protein in human mesangial cells (HMCs) and elucidate the mechnism of TNF-α indnces the IP3R1 expression in the occurrence of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS).Methods HMCs was stimulated by tumor (TNF-α) with 100 ng/mL for different hours (2,4,8,24 hours).The expression change of IP3R1 mRNA and protein were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot assay.Several inhibitors including D609,U73122,PP1,Safingol,Rottlerin and non-radioactive PKC assay to examine the mechanism of signal transduction of TNF-α-regulated IP3R1 in HMCs.Results The levels of IP3R1 mRNA at 2 h post-TNF-α exposure were significantly enhanced and reached peak at 8 h in HMCs (P ＜ 0.01),then descened at 24 h (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of IP3R1 protein at 4 h post-TNF-α exposure were obviously increased and reached peak at 24 h post-TNF-α exposure (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group,safingol (PKC-α inhibitor) and D609 (PC-PLC inhibitor) each significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced expression of IP3R1 mRNA (3.30 ± 0.81) vs.(1.95 ± 0.130,P ＜ 0.05 ; (2.10 ± 0.49),P ＜ 0.01 andIP3R1 protein (3.09±0.13) vs.(1.86+0.39),P＜0.01; (1.98±0.02),P＜0.01.TNF-αpromoted autophosphorylation,and hence the activation,of PKC-α with maximal phosphorylation that occurred 8 h post-stimulation measured by non-radioactive PKC assay,and the effect was marked attenuated by pretreated with D609 or safingol.Conclusions TNF-α increased the expression of IP3R1 and this was mediated,at least in part,through the PC-PLC/PKC-α signaling pathways in HMCs.

Vertical facial types and chin morphology effects on the facial profile attractiveness / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Individuals with different vertical facial types have different chin morphologies. For the individuals with different vertical facial types, what is the most beautiful chin morphology? OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of vertical facial types and chin morphology on facial profile attractiveness. METHODS:Three beautiful females were selected, including one with high mandibular angle, one with average angle and one with low angle. Their facial profile photographs were taken. A series of new pictures were generated by the smal scale (2 mm per unit) modification of soft tissue chin in the sagittal direction and vertical direction. Raters consisting of 17 orthodontists and 35 laypersons were selected for aesthetic ratings, in order to evaluate the facial profile attractiveness of the individuals with different vertical facial types. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no esthetic difference of vertical change in female with high angle;while slightly protrude chin was perceived to be more beautiful than retruded chin. For the female with average angle, lower chin was more attractive than higher chin;slightly protruded chin was beautiful than excessive protruded chin and retruded chin. For the individual with low angle, higher chin was preferred by raters;slightly protruded chin was more beautiful than excessive protruded chin and retruded chin.The results indicate that the effects of vertical facial types and chin morphology to facial profile attractiveness are different. In clinical orthodontic, vertical facial types should be taking into consideration to change the chin morphology of the patents, in order to obtain better profile attractiveness.

Study on separation and analysis of anticoagulant compounds for anticoagulant activity in vitro on mixture of peptide from pepsin enzymolysis of centipede / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To separate anticoagulant components from the pepsin enzymolysis of centipede by gel filtration and reverse-phase C18 chromatography, and to detect the distribution range of their molecular mass.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Cingula and 280 nm ultraviolet spectrometry were used to detect and collect the chromatographic solutions. The components' anticoagulant activity in vitro was detected with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) as the index, and the molecular mass range of the active composition was detected by MALDI-TOF-MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Anticoagulant active compounds were produced by gel filtration and reverse-phase C18 chromatography. The distribution range of relative molecular mass was determined to be from 597 to 1 146.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gel filtration and reverse-phase C18 chromatography are feasible for separating and purifying the pepsin enzymolysis of Centipede. The anticoagulant active compounds are oligopeptides.</p>

Effects of PKC on TNF-α stimulated IP3 R1 protein expression in human mesangial cells / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of TNF-α on the expression of IP3 R1 mRNA and protein in human mesangial cells (HMCs) and elucidate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in this signal pathway.Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot assay were used to examine the effects of TNF-α on IP3R1 mRNA and protein expression.Depletion PKC,the selective inhibitor of PKCα Safingol and inhibitor of PKCδ Rottlerin,overexpression of dominant negative mutant of PKC to examine the mechanism of signal transduction of TNF-α-regulated IP3 R1 in HMCs.PKCα activation was assayed by Western blot.Results TNF-α increased IP3R1 mRNA and protein expression in HMCs,effects that were blocked by prolonged incubted chronic PMA,Safingol and also by domain negative PKCα construct.TNF-α promoted PKCα activation with maximal PKCα phosphorylation that occurred 8 h post-stimulation.Conclusion TNF-α increased the expression of IP3 R1 and this was mediated through the PKCα activation signaling pathways in HMCs.

Rectification of nasal deviation with open operation / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the quantitative classification and measuring method of nasal deviation and effectiveness of Septo-rhinoplasty for nasal deviation.@*METHOD@#Fourteen selected cases of nasal deviation were rectified by Septo-rhinoplasty. The deviated parameters were measured both before and after operation.@*RESULT@#The deviated parameter after operation was (2.75 +/- 1.67) mm in 14 cases. The preoperative parameter was (5.05 +/- 2.03) mm. The difference in changes of deviated parameters before and after operation was significant (P < 0.01). Satisfactory results were achieved after operation in 12 cases. The rate of good cosmetic outcome was 85.71%.@*CONCLUSION@#Both quantitative grading standard of nasal deviation and measurement of deviation value contribute to clinical diagnosis and medical records. The Septo-rhinoplasty is effective for nasal deviation.

Progress in Study on Animal Models of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Intervention with Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验动物学报

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease of dysgenesia and dysmetabolism. Its clinical manifestations include hyperandrogenism, ovulation failure, hyperinsulinemia, elevated serum LH level, obesity and sterility. Histological examination of ovary reveals polycystic changes. It is difficult to carry out clinical research because of its complicated pathogenesis, pathophysiology and multiple biochemical changes and clinical manifestations. It is necessary to study PCOS using animal models. In this article, the authors introduce some methods of establishing animal models of PCOS, such as androgen administration (including testosterone propionate,dehydroepiandrosterone), combination of insulin with HCG, use of estradiol valerate,combination of progestrone with HCG, aromatic cyclase inhibitor method,and so on, and review the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on the intervention of PCOS.

Comparison of distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism in normal mandible and protruding mandible / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To study the differences of growth hormone recepto(rGHR)gene between normal mandible(control group)and protruding mandible(study group)in molecular level by comparing the gene's nucleotide sequences.Methods:In our study,we selected 100 individuals with protruding mandibles and 87 individuals with normal mandibles by the study criterions,diagnosed in Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during 2005～2006.5 ml venous blood was withdraw and the genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood cells with the use of a DNA Blood Kit.PCR amplification was performed by a standard protocol to increase and sequence the aim gene in normal and protruding individuals.And then we compared the acquired gene sequences with the published ones in NCBI(national center for biotechnology information)database,finally found the positions of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)in exon 10 of GHR gene and calculated the allele frequency and genotype frequency in study and control groups by SPSS10.0.Results:One SNP position(including study and control groups)was found in our study and his nucleotide code was 1673.In this SNP position,there were two alleles(AC)and three genotypes(AC,AA and CC).The allele frequency and distributions of genotype had a significant difference by ?2 calculation in 0.01 level.Conclusion:Differences in sequences of growth hormone receptor gene exist in individuals with protruding mandibles and individuals with normal mandibles.