Study of GCN repeats of PHOX2B gene among individuals from southwest China and diagnosis of two patients with Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the trinucleotide repeats of GCN (GCA, GCT, GCC, GCG) encoding Alanine in exon 3 of the PHOX2B gene among healthy individuals from southwest China and two patients with Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS).@*METHODS@#The number and sequence of the GCN repeats of the PHOX2B gene were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis, Sanger sequencing and cloning sequencing of 518 healthy individuals and two newborns with CCHS, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Among the 1036 alleles of the 518 healthy individuals, five alleles were identified, including (GCN)7, (GCN)13, (GCN)14, (GCN)15 and (GCN)20. The frequency of the (GCN)20 allele was the highest (94.79%). And five genotypes were identified, which included (GCN)7/(GCN)20, (GCN)13/(GCN)20, (GCN)14/(GCN)20, (GCN)15/(GCN)20, (GCN)20/(GCN)20. The homozygous genotypes were all (GCN)20/(GCN)20, and the carrier rate was 89.58%. Four GCN sequences of the (GCN)20 homozygous genotypes were identified among the 464 healthy individuals. The GCN repeat numbers in the exon 3 of the PHOX2B gene showed no significant difference between the expected and observed values, and had fulfilled the,Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genotypes of the two CCHS patients were (GCN)20/(GCN)25 and (GCN)20/(GCN)30, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#It is important to determine the GCN repeats and genotypic data of the exon 3 of the PHOX2B gene among the healthy individuals. The number of GCN repeats in 518 healthy individuals was all below 20. The selection of appropriate methods can accurately detect the polyalanine repeat mutations (PARMs) of the PHOX2B gene, which is conducive to the early diagnosis, intervention and treatment of CCHS.

Regulatory effects of plant polysaccharides on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs): progress and perspectives / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

With the appearance of the disadvantages of traditional tumor treatment, immunotherapy has entered people′s horizons as modern emerging treatment strategies, among which plant polysaccharides have received much more attention due to their antitumor activity and significant immunomodulatory effects. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as a component of tumor microenvironment, are important factors affecting tumors, and the regulation of TAMs by plant polysaccharides is one of the effective immunotherapy to treat tumor. In this review, we mainly described the regulation of TAMs by plant polysaccharides and the underlying mechanisms, and then gave an outlook on the research interests and the development of plant polysaccharides as immune adjuvants, aiming to provide reference for the study of plant polysaccharides in the immunotherapy for tumors.

Optimizing a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction technology / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To establish a highly specific methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction( MSP) method.METHODS: Bisulphited conversion hypermethylated human genomic DNA and unmethylated human genomic DNA were used as template and p15 gene as the target gene. The Cp G island of p15 gene promoter was predicted by Methprimer software.The methylated and unmethylated primers for polymerase chain reaction( PCR) of methylated and unmethylated DNA templates were designed. The PCR stage of MSP was divided into normal temperature group( methylation primer and unmethylated primer annealing temperature of 58 and 55 ℃,respectively) and elevated temperature group( methylation primer and unmethylated primer annealing temperature were 60 and 57 ℃ respectively). The PCR reaction system was optimized based on the normal temperature group by increasing the concentration of magnesium ions( Mg2 +) and adding dimethyl sulfoxide( DMSO) in the PCR reaction system. RESULTS: Nonspecific amplification products appeared in normal temperature group in the PCR reaction stage of MSP,indicating false positive and false negative reactions. The non-specific amplification was weakened and the specific amplification was equally reduced in the elevated temperature group. The nonspecific amplification disappeared in the optimized PCR system and normal temperature group,and the false positive and false negative reactions were eliminated completely. CONCLUSION: Setting the normal annealing temperature and the concentration of Mg2 +and DMSO is beneficial to ensure the specificity of MSP results.

The influence factors of sound pressure level parameters in patients with simple snoring and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrom / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the main influence factors of sound pressure level parameters in patients with simple snoring (SS) and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrom (OSAHS).@*METHOD@#Eighty-four cases with snoring disease underwent polysomnography and simultaneously snoring sound pressure level recording. The correlations between AHI, age, BMI, abdomen circumference, neck circumference, the lowest oxygen saturation total apnea time and sound pressure level parameters: equivalent continuous sound level(LAeq)and maximum sound pressure level(L10) were analyzed.@*RESULT@#LAeq was significantly correlated to AHI (P= 0. 000) and BMI (P= 0. 007), and the odd ratios of AHI and BMI were 5. 74,2. 09 respectively, but it was unrelated to age, abdomen circumference, neck circumference, the lowest oxygen saturation and total apnea time. A significantly association also existed between L10 and AHI(P=0. 000), BMI(P=0. 032), and the odd ratios were 4. 11 and 2. 33 respectively. Other factors had nothing to do with L10.@*CONCLUSION@#The main factors which affect the snoring sound pressure level parameters LAeq and L10 are AHI and BMI.

Regulatory effect of NO signaling on expression of human endogenous coagulation factorⅧby phosphorylation of I-kappaB / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To set up the molecular cytobiological model of endogenous coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) re-expressing in human liver cells L02,and to study the regulation pathway and molecular basis of the re-expression of FⅧ in L02 cells activated by NO signal.Methods The L02 cells at logarithm growth phase were selected and randomly divided into blank control group and experimental group, inhibitor group and inhibitor control group;they were cultured for 0,12,24,36,48,and 60 h.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of human FⅧ protein in L02 cells after treated for 48 h.Griess experiment was performed to detect the levels of NO in L02 cells at different time points;the transcription levels of human FⅧ gene,iNOS gene,NF-κB1 gene and I-κB alpha gene were detected by RT-PCR method.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of human phosphorylated I-kappaB (phosphorylated I-κB)in L02 cells.Results The results of flow cytometry showed that the expression of human L02 FⅧ protein was found after treated with L-arginine for 48 h. The Griess results showed that the levels of NO in L02 cells in experimental group were significantly increased at 3,6,12,and 24 h (P<0.05)and the levels of NO in blank control group,inhibitor group and inhibitor control group had no changes. The RT-PCR results showed that the transcription of human FⅧ mRNA in L02 cells was found in experimental group,but there was no transcription of human FⅧ mRNA in blank control group,inhibitor group and inhibitor control group;the transcription levels of iNOS,NF-κB1 and I-κB alphain experiment group were increased(P<0.05)and the transcription levels of these genes in blank control group,inhibitor group and inhibitor control group had no changes. The Western blotting results showed that after adding L-arginine the expression level of phosphorylated I-κB was significantly increased (P < 0.05 ), other groups had no such change. Conclusion L-arginine can activate the phosphorylation of I-κB by NO signal pathway to lead to the changes in the expression of human FⅧ gene promoter upstream regulatory-related transcription factors NF-κB to activate the expression of human FⅧ in human liver cells L02.

Estimation of ovarian response using multiple predictors of ovarian reserve in women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the value of ovarian reserve markers for predicting ovarian response in women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the ovarian response, 331 patients undergoing oocyte retrieval cycles were divided into of normal, poor, and high response groups. Serum anti-Mvllerian hormone (AMH) was determined using AMH ELISA kit on day 3 of the menstrual cycle, antral follicle count (AFC) was measured using vaginal ultrasound, and basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E(2)) levels were detected using chemiluminescence method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum AMH and FSH levels, FSH/LH ratio, AFC, and the patients age, but not the basal E(2) level (P>0.05), were correlated with the number of oocytes collected (×1000/ampules of Gn) (P<0.001). AFC and serum AMH were the strongest single predictors for low ovarian response, with the areas under curve (AUC) of 0.855 (0.787-0.924) and 0.832 (0.764-0.900) (P<0.05), and cutoff values of ≤9 and ≤1.88 ng/ml, respectively. AFC was the strongest single predictor for high ovarian response, with an AUC of 0.787 (0.728-0.847) and the cutoff value of ≥15. Logistic regression model found that the combination of AFC, serum AMH and FSH improved the predictive power for poor ovarian response, but not for high ovarian response.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AFC, serum AMH, FSH, FSH/LH, and age are all predictors of ovarian response, among which AFC is the strongest single predictor. A multivariable model can improve the predictive power for low ovarian response but not for high ovarian response.</p>

Predictive value of anti-Mullerian hormone levels in serum and follicle fluid for IVF-ET outcomes in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in the follicular fluid and serum with the outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum and follicular fluid samples were obtained from 30 patients with PCOS and 34 healthy women (control) undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET in our center between October, 2007 and January, 2008. All the subjects received treatment with long luteal-phase down-regulation and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocol in IVF cycles, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed. The AMH levels in the serum and follicles fluid samples collected on the day of oocyte retrieval were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The two groups showed no significant differences in the mean age, baseline levels of sex hormones, rate of high-quality embryos, implantation rate, pregnancy rate, abortion rate or ongoing pregnancy rate (P>0.05). Despite a significantly lower total gonadotropin dose, PCOS group had a significantly greater number of antral follicles than the control group (P<0.05). The recovery rates of oocytes in PCOS group were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). AMH levels in the serum and follicle fluid was significantly higher in PCOS group than in the control group (P<0.05), and in both groups, AMH levels in the follicular fluid were significantly higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women (P<0.05). AMH level in the follicular fluid was significantly correlated with the implantation rate in both PCOS and control groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AMH level in the serum and follicle fluid on the day of oocyte retrieval is predictive of the treatment outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in POCS patients but not of pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ET.</p>

Effects of oral dydrogesterone on clinical outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of oral dydrogesterone for luteal phase support after frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles on the clinical outcomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1643 FET cycles in our center between January, 2010 and September, 2011 were analyzed. The patients were divided into group A with natural-cycle FET and group B with hormone replacement cycle (HRT-FET). The two groups were further divided into two subgroups to receive oral dydrogesterone (groups AI and BI, n=358 and 185, respectively) or intramuscular progesterone with progynova (groups AII and BII, n=634 and 466, respectively) as luteal phase support. The clinical pregnancy rates, implantation rates, early miscarriage rates, ectopic pregnancy rates, ongoing pregnancy rates and delivery rates were compared between the subgroups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in the clinical outcomes between the patients receiving dydrogesterone and intramuscular progesterone as luteal phase support in either natural-cycle FET or HRT FET (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the FET cycles, oral dydrogesterone tablets for luteal support can achieve good clinical outcomes comparable with those by intramuscular progesterone and serves as a good alternative for luteal phase support.</p>

Investigation on the post training of community nurses / 中华医学教育探索杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the related things of community nurse post training, so that training can be carried out accordingly. Methods160 trainees of Suining and Neijiang in 2009 were investigated anonymously with self-designed questionnaire. ResultsTrainees mainly came from the 1st and.2nd grade public hospitals and community health service centers. 68.7％ of trainees were engaged in clinical nursing in hospitals before training, and 51.5％ trainees went in for community nursing after the training. Trainees were generally clear about the category, related knowledge and skill requirements of community nursing. ConclusionThe present post training time is relatively short. Continuing education of community nursing and exploration on training model of community nursing specialists are suggested.

A Preliminary Study of Acoustic Characteristics of Snoring Sound in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) and with Simple Snoring / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the acoustic characteristics of snoring sound in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and with simple snoring. Methods 22 patients with OSAHS and 15 with simple snoring were included in this study. Natural overnight snoring was digitally recorded and portable sleep mo-nitoring was performed simultaneously. 10 snores, which were the 1st snores after 10 cycles of obstructive apnea, from each patient in OSAHS group, and 10 snores from each patient in simple snoring group were analyzed in the time and frequency domains. Results The sound waves of snoring in the two groups exhibited different patterns both in the time and frequency domains. The snoring spectrum of patients with simple snoring showed distinct fun-damental- harmonic structures which were not clear in patients with OSAHS. The central frequency of the patients with OSAHS was higher, and 800 Hz power ratio was lower than those of the patients with simple snoring. In the OSAHS group, the central frequency of the patients with moderate-to-severe OSAHS was higher, and 800 Hz power ratio was lower than those of the patients with mild OSAHS. The differences of the two parameters were of statistical significance. Conclusion The snoring sounds in patients with OSAHS and with simple snoring have dif-ferent characteristics in time and frequency domains, indicating that it is feasible to research the OSAHS by way of snore monitoring and analyzing technique.

Determination of ferulic acid and gastrodine in Dachuanxiong Hydrochloride for Injection by HPLC / 中成药

AIM: To set up a method for determining ferulic acid and gastrodine in Dachuanxiong Hydrochloride for Injection(Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Gastrodiae). METHODS: HPLC conditions consisted of ODS column, methanol-water-acetic acid (30 ∶68 ∶2) and water-acetic acid (100 ∶1) as mobile phases, detection wavelengths were at 320 nm and 270 nm. RESULTS: For ferulic acid, the linear range was within 0.031 6 - 0.505 6 ?g and the average recovery was 98.43% with RSD= 1.52% . For gastrodine, the linear range was within 0.442 - 3.536 ?g and the average recovery was 98.15% with RSD= 1.68% . CONCLUSION: The method proves to be simple, precise and reproduciable and is suitable for the use of quantitative control of Dachuanxiong Hydrochloride for Injection.