ABSTRACT
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a disease characterized by acute, painless visual acuity loss and visual field impairment, and there is still lack of unified and effective treatment.As new therapeutic strategies, neuroprotection and nerve regeneration have aroused wide public concern, which aim to prevent degeneration and death of neurons or establish a new neural circuit through inhibiting apoptosis pathway and inflammation, promoting axon growth and applying stem cells.Plenty of studies have applied the strategies to NAION patients or NAION animal models, which achieved certain success, but the limitations exist at the same time.For the sake of exploring practical therapies of NAION, researches on the neuroprotection and nerve regeneration strategies of NAION in recent years were reviewed in this article.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Benztropine on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death and optic nerve injury in rats model of non-arteritis anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION).Methods A total of 25 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Benztropine treatment group (n=13)and PBS control group (n=12).The right eye was set as the experimental eye.rNAION model was established by using rose Bengal combined with laser photodynamic method.The rats in the Benztropine treatment group were received intraperitoneal injection with Benztropine 10 mg/kg (0.2 ml) daily for 3 weeks,while the rats in the PBS control group were received intraperitoneal injection with an equal volume of PBS.At 1,3 and 7 days after modeling,the retinal and optic disc conditions of the rats were observed by direct ophthalmoscopy.Retrograde labeling,fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the survival of RGCs and the damage of the optic nerve myelin and axon at 4 weeks after modeling.The RGCs density and survival rate of the two groups were compared by One-Way Anova.Results At 1 and 3 days after modeling,the optic disc edema was observed in the rats of rNAION model group.At 7 days after modeling,the optic disc edema decreased and the boundary was blurred compared with 3 days after modeling.After 4 weeks,the RGCs density in the PBS group was 308± 194/mm2 and the survival rate was 13.7％.The density of RGCs in the Benztropine group was 1173+868/mm2 and the survival rate was 47.6％.The differences of RGCs density and survival rate were significant between the two groups (F=7.552,8.184;P=0.015,0.012).Myelin disintegration,axon degeneration,onion-like body and gliosis were observed in the optic nerve sections of rNIAON in the PBS group,while the damage ofaxon and myelin structure in the Benztropine group was significantly less than that in the PBS group.Conclusions Benztropine group showed higher RGC survival rate,less damage ofaxon and myelin structure on rNAION model.This study explored the potential neuroprotective effect of Benztropine.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the cognitive ability and coping strategy to mental disorders among medical workers in ear-nose-throat departments and its impact on doctor-patient relationship. Methods: A total of 78 medical workers (including doctors, nurses, and technicians) in ear-nose-throat departments from 10 general hospitals in Hunan Province were investigated by self-compiled questionnaire on the perspective and coping strategy to mental disorders among medical workers. Results: Mental disorders except depression and schizophrenia were poorly understood in respondents, and many of their coping strategies were inappropriate. Furthermore, subjects tend to avoid too much contact with psychiatric patients for being afraid of the mental disorders. The poorer understanding of mental disorders, the more inappropriate coping strategies in dealing with mental disorders (P<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in inappropriate coping strategies to mental disorders between patients being abused and patients not being abused (P=0.017). Factors such as education background (P=0.031) and the hospital level (P=0.038) also impacted the coping strategies to mental disorders. Conclusion: Among all mental disorders, only depression and schizophrenia are coped with the right way in medical workers of ear-nose-throat departments. In addition, obviously negative attitude and avoidance are found in dealing with mental disorders by medical workers. Importantly, poor cognitive ability to mental disorders is the main reason for hurting doctor-patient relationship in the ear-nose-throat departments.